Kungofanana nedzimwe mimwe michero, makomkoni anowanzosangana nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana-zvinopararira, fungal, bhakitiriya. Zvirwere izvi zvinokonzera kukanganisa kukuru kune tsika, kusazvidza zvose zvinoitwa nevarimi uye kugadzirisa zvibereko.
Kuti ugone kupikisana nengozi uye panguva yakakodzera kuti uzvione, unofanirwa kuziva nezvezvirwere zvinogona kuitika zvekukomba uye kurwisana nazvo. Muchikamu chino, tichacherechedza kuti zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nei, uye kuziva kuti ungatarisana navo sei.
Zvirwere zvikuru zvekukanya nekugadzirira kubva kwavari
Saka, inowanzozivikanwa ndeyezvirwere zvinotevera:
- Powdery mildew inobata zvipuka zvekucumber kakawanda. Inotaridzika sehutano hwehutano hwakaita sezvinotevera: mashizha nematombo emakuchu zvakaputirwa nemucheka mutsvuku kana mutsvuku mumamiriro emavara anowedzera kukura. Ipapo mashizha anotanga kutendeuka uye akaoma, uye fruiting inoguma. Powdery mildew inokonzera michero inotambura nekushayikwa kwemhepo kana kupisa, pamwe nekuwandisa kwe nitrogen fertilizer. Kurwisana nechirwere ichi, fungicides "Topaz", "Topsin", colloidal sulfur, oxychloride yemhangura, mishonga yevanhu inoshandiswa: mullein infusion, mukaka wakaoma wakavhenganiswa muhuwandu hwakaenzana nemvura, sarudzo yekubika soda uye soda yekuchenesa.
- Peronosporosis, kana downy mildew , zvakare chirwere chinotyisa chefungal. Inogona kutsamwiswa nekudiridza simiti nemvura inotonhorera, kuwedzera kwezvirimwa, kwete kusachengetedza kwemaitiro ezvekurima. Apo peronosporose pamashizha emakango inoonekwa maduku maduku ekuchena kwemavara. Nokufamba kwenguva, nhamba yavo inowedzera, sezvinoita kukura kwemavara pachavo, uye mashizha anova machena uye anopota. Downy powdery mildew inogona kukanganisa simiti chero ipi zvayo yekutsvaga kwayo. Sezvo "ambulensi" mukuona kwezviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere ichi, rega chero kudya nekudiridza kwemakango, uye muti unobatwa nechirwere chinopisa chemhangura yekoroidhi kana yeBordeaux fluid (musanganiswa wemhangura sulfate uye ichangobva kuora).
- Imwe inokonzera chirwere chemakombi, zvose zvirimwa uye zvinoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akazaruka, ndiyo cladosporium . Iyo inobata michero uye tsananguro yemurimi, iyo yakafukidzwa nemaronda matsvuku-mavara, mazuva mashomanana ari kupenya uye achiwedzera muhukuru. Mashizha emakuchu akafukidzwa nediki maduku, ayo anooma uye anoparara. Nokuti iyi cladosporium inowanzonzi maruva emuorivhi nzvimbo. Chikonzero chekusimudzirwa kwe cladosporium ndiyo spores ye fungus, iyo inofungira pamusoro pemiti yakasara yemakore akapfuura. Kuti ubatsire makomkoro kukunda chirwere ichi chinotyisa, chinogona kuparadza kukohwa kwose, unoda kutora zvinotevera. Rega kunwisa kwemazuva mashomanana, panguva iyo kuedza kusimudza kutonhora (kupfigira gorofu usiku kana kuputira michero nefirimu). Zvinotarisirwa kurwara makomkoro uye kurapwa nemakagadzirira chaiwo: inogona kunge iri "Oksihom", podzazol, 0,4% yechiramu chloride kana 1% solution ye Bordeaux liquid.
- Kuora kwakachena, kana kuti sclerotinia , zviri nyore kuziva. Pamiti yakakanganiswa inotanga kuonekwa mitezo mitsvuku yefungal yakabva, iyo inobva yanyura. Izvo zvinogadziriswa zvakafukidzirwa nemucheka wakachena unopfurikidza, unova wakasimba uye unotapira, uye ozozoora. Sekurapa kwechirwere ichi, zvakakosha kuderedza nzvimbo dzakakanganiswa kuva noutano hwakanaka, nekucheka zvikamu nemarasha. Mhinduro yemuviri (musanganiswa we urea, mhangura sulfate, zinc sulphate nemvura) inorayirwawo kumakarokari anorwara.
- Apo gorosi rinowanika, zvikamu zvemuti zvakaputirwa nemaronda mavara nemucheka mutsvuku. Ichi chirwere chebhakitiriya chinowanikwa nekuda kwekuchera mvura uye kupera pamwe chete kwekushisa. Kana kuora kuchena kunowanikwa, mashizha ose akabatwa, mashizha uye michero inofanira kubviswa, uye zvikamu zvinobatwa nefungicide "Bayleton" kana "Rovral".
Iyezvino iwe unoziva kuchengetedza makomkoro kubva kune zvirwere. Uye kuti matambudziko akadaro haakuvhiringidzi iwe nekudyara kwako, iva nechokwadi chekucherechedza kukohwa kwezvirimwa, usadyara makomkete munzvimbo imwe chete (inogona kudzorerwa kumubhedha wekare musati wapfuura mumakore mana), uye mvura inomera nguva dzose nemvura inodziya.
