Munhu wose akawana manzwiro asinganzwisisiki kamwechete muupenyu hwake, apo ruzivo rutsva haruna kufanana nemafungiro uye ruzivo pamusoro paro, rwakagamuchirwa kare. Muna 1944, Fritz Haider ndiye aiva wokutanga kutsanangura kuora mwoyo kwemazino, uye Leon Festinger muna 1957 akatanga nheyo yake.
Cognitive dissonance - chii ichocho?
Mushure mekunge vadzidza mazano ezvidzidzo zvepfungwa idzi, vepfungwa dzepfungwa vakasvika kumagumo ekuziva kuti kungwarira dissonance kusakanganisika kwepfungwa kunokonzerwa nekusiyana pakati pemazwi akange aripo, pfungwa uye mazano matsva anouya. Kune zvinowanzokonzera kukakavadzana , zvinangwa izvi uye zvinhu zvekusateerera zvinotungamirira:
- chitendero;
- tsika;
- kukosha;
- manzwiro.
Cognitive dissonance - psychology
Munhu mumwe nomumwe anowedzera zvimwe zvakaitika kune imwe nguva yenguva. Zvisinei, kukunde nguva dzenguva, anomanikidzwa kushanda maererano nemamiriro akange aripo, asingasviki ne ruzivo rwakawana kare. Izvi zvinokonzera kusagadzikana kwepfungwa kwepfungwa, nekuda kwekuzorora kwazvinodiwa kuti uwane kubvumirana. Kugona kwemafungiro mune zvepfungwa - izvi zvinoreva kuedza kutsanangura chikonzero chezviito zvemunhu, zviito zvake mumamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu hwakasiyana-siyana.
Zvinokonzera kukanganisa dissonance
Izvo zvinoshamisa zvekufungisisa dissonance zvinogona kuonekwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Kune zvinokonzera zvinowanzoitika, magwepistori epfungwa anosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Kusabatanidzwa kwemashoko uye mazano pane izvo izvi kana kuti chisarudzo ichi chinobva.
- Kusiyana kwehupenyu hwekutenda mukuenzanisa nemitemo yakagamuchirwa munzanga kana mune imwe yevanhu pamwe.
- Mhedziso yekupandukira yakapesana, iyo inokonzerwa nekusada kuteerera mitemo nemitemo yemagariro evanhu, kunyanya kana inopesana nemutemo wepamutemo.
- Kusabvumirana nematare anowanikwa sechikonzero chechiitiko chipi nechipi, mamiriro kana mamiriro ezvinhu.
Cognitive dissonance - zviratidzo
Mamiriro ekufungisisa dissonance anogona kuzviratidza nenzira dzakasiyana. Ruzhinji rwezviratidzo zvokutanga runowanikwa mubasa rebasa. Zvakaoma uropi basa, uye mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kuongororwa, anogona kubva kunze kwekutonga. Mashoko matsva anonzwisiswa nekutambudzika kukuru, uye kugumisa dambudziko. Mune zvikamu zvakapera, basa rekutaura rinogona kuvhiringidzika, asi zvinowanzoomera kuti munhu aumbe pfungwa, kutora mazwi akanaka uye kungozvitaura.
Cognitive dissonance inonyanya kukonzera kukuyeuka. Zviitiko zviri kuitika munguva pfupi yapfuura zvakacheneswa kutanga. Inyevero inotevera ndeyo kuparara kwezviyeuchidzo kubva pauduku nehuduku. Zvisingatauriki, zvisinei, zvinofanira kuongororwa - kusakwanisa kwekukwanisa kuisa pfungwa . Zvinowanzoomera kuti munhu anzwisise chinangwa chekukurukurirana, anogara achikumbira kudzokorora mamwe mitsara kana mitauro yakasiyana. Zvose izvi zviratidzo zvinoratidza kukosha kwekutaurirana neurologist.
Cognitive dissonance - marudzi
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzepfungwa dzinofunga kuti manzwiro haasi mafungiro epfungwa, asi kupindura kwemuviri wemunhu pane chimwe chinhu. Pano pane dzidziso inofanirwa kusanganisa-mafungiro ekudzivirirwa kwemazwi anotsanangurwa sehurumende ine mafungiro asina kunaka anowanikwa apo iwe unogamuchira ruzivo rwepfungwa rwepfungwa. Kuchinja mamiriro acho ezvinhu kuchabatsira mamiriro ayo maitiro anotarisirwa achaonekwa.
Cognitive dissonance - kurapa
Kuchengetedza pfungwa kweunhu hunoenderana zvakananga nezvinokonzera kudarika. Therapy inofanira kurongerwa kugadzirisa uye kubvisa zvirwere zvepfungwa muuropi. Kurapa chirwere chepfungwa, kuvandudza nekudzorera kugadzirisa kwemaitiro, nyanzvi dzinoratidzira mishonga yakawanda ine ineuroproproective properties. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivisa kukanganisika kwepfungwa munguva yemberi.
Cognitive dissonance - mabhuku
Zvinotendwa kuti bhuku racho ndiro rakanakisisa rinobva pakuziva. Mabasa mazhinji ave akabudiswa, umo maonero ekunyatsoziva, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa uye kusagadzikana (muchiLatin kushandurwa), zvinorondedzerwa. Zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinongorodza maitiro ezvinyorwa zvepfungwa, izvo zvinokonzera kuonekwa uye nzira dzekutarisana nevamwe vavo. Zvinyorwa zvemashoko ezvipfungwa zvepfungwa zvinosanganisira:
- "Dzidziso yekuziva nezvekushaya pfungwa" Leon Festinger. Bhuku racho rakabatsira zvikuru pakuvandudzika kwepfungwa dzepakati penyika munyika. Mibvunzo yakawanda inokosha yakanyatsoongorora uye inotsanangurwa zvakadzama. Semuenzaniso, pfungwa yekufungisisa dissonance uye nheyo yaro, hunyanzvi hwemagariro evanhu uye hwepfungwa, maitiro uye maitiro ehutano hwepfungwa.
- "Psychology of influence" Robert Chaldini. Vakawanda vepamusoro uye vekuMadokero kwepfungwa vakagamuchira bhuku rakanakisisa pamusoro pemakwikwi, hutano hwemagariro evanhu nehutungamiri.
- "Cognitive dissonance" Alina Marchik. Zvinhu zvose zvinofanira kuwirirana (manzwiro, manzwiro, zvitendero) zvisakadaro munhu anovimbiswa kusagadzikana, kubva kwaanobvisa munzira dzakasiyana. Ichi chitsva chemafirimu nematongerwo edzifuriti ichakosherwa nevasikana vezvipfeko nemapuzzles - zvinoshandiswa nevanhau uye zvidzidzo. Munyori wacho akapa chirahwe, iyo inogona kuva mhinduro dzakawanda apo vanhu vanoverenga bhuku. Uye vateereri vakuru vakaita chii?