Chii chinonzi chauvinism sechiitiko munzanga? Izwi iri rinoshandiswa mune zvakawanda zvikamu zvehupenyu, rinonyatsobatana nezvematongerwe enyika, hupenyu hwehupenyu, hukama hwevanhu nevakadzi. Chauvinism inotakura inotanga kutanga kuparadza, inobva pane zvakaipa zvakanyanya manzwiro.
Chauvinism - chii icho?
Nhoroondo yematangiro ezwi rokuti "chauvinism" inobva kuFrance kubvira panguva yaNapoleon Bonaparte. Mutoja Nicolas Chauvin weRochefort, akaramba ari mutsigiri akazvipira wemambo wake kusvika pakupedzisira. Zita rakava zita remhuri, rakashandurwa rikava izwi. Chauvinism mupfungwa huru ndeye pfungwa inofungidzira, iyo inonyanya kugadziriswa nekutenda kwehukuru hweimwe nyika kupfuura imwe. Vakuru vezvematongerwo enyika, kushungurudzika ndiyo nzira dzinoshandiswa nevanokurudzira vatsigiri kumutsa ruvengo rwemadzinza.
Ndivanaani vanonzi chauvinists? Kusiyana nekusarura nyika, uko "vanhu vose vakaenzana", vaongorori vanoona rudzi rwavo rwakapiwa masimba anokosha, ega, kodzero. Fascism imwe yezviratidzo zvinotyisa zve chauvinism, mhosva kune vanhu vose. Mugumisiro - rufu rwemamiriyoni evanhu vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kuparadzwa kukuru kwetsika uye pfuma.
Chauvinism - Psychology
Izwi rechauvinism rinoshandiswa nevepfungwa dzepfungwa dzemakorani akasiyana. Chiitiko chepfungwa chekugadzirisa pfungwa, kuburikidza nekudzvinyirira, chinoisa remangwana rega kuzvirumbidza nenzira dzakaipa. Mukomana anogona kudzidza chigumisiro chehukama hunoparadza pakati pebaba naamai (kurohwa, kunyadziswa) uye kutakura chirongwa ichi chinowedzera kumhuri yake yeramangwana. Chii chinonzi "murume chauvinism" chinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka kunyika dzokumabvazuva, apo pakutanga dzidzo yakavakwa pamusoro pevarume vakuru kupfuura mukadzi.
Chauvinism uye xenophobia - kusiyana
Chaizvoizvo, zvose zviratidzo, chauvinism uye xenophobia, zvine chinokonzera chinokanganisa - zvakaipa mafungiro (kuvenga, kusafarira, kuzvidza). Xenophobia - pfungwa yakazara - ndiko kutya kwevanhu kurasikirwa, kuparadza rudzi rwavo. Kutya paranoid ye xenophobes kunowanikwa kune vose vatorwa: rudzi, rudzi, tsika, chitendero. Chauvinism ndechimwe chemaitiro ekutsvaga hutsinye uye anopikisa zvakasimba zvido zvenyika yazvo kune zvinokuvadza vamwe.
Zviratidzo zve chauvinism
Munharaunda yemazuva ano, zviratidzo zvekusarura zvakasununguka hazvisi pamutemo, zvinopomerwa mhosva. Maitiro ezvematongerwo enyika anotungamirirwa nechauvinistic tendency haazombotungamiri pakunzwisisana, kusununguka, rugare pakati pemarudzi, saka hazvizofariri kutsigirwa kwevanhu vazhinji. Migumisiro yacho inoparadza: hondo, kurwisana. Mune chimiro choga, chauvinism iripo se "system of views", kunyanya kune varume. Zviratidzo zve chauvinist:
- murume we chauvinist achirwisana ne "chauvinism", anopomera vamwe vake, kunze kweiye pachake;
- anozviona asina rusarura rwemarudzi;
- kunowedzera "hukuru", "zvimwe" zve "chido" chevanhu varo;
- inokurudzira mutsa worudzi rwake;
- anotenda kuti vanhu vose "a priori" vanofanira kuda, kuyemura rudzi rwake, kugumburwa, kusangana kusafarirwa;
- anonyatsorondedzera kukanganisa kwemamwe madzinza, asi haazivi maitiro akanaka uye maitiro evanhu vake.
Aina dze chauvinism
Kana tikarangarira kuti zvakajeka muenzaniso wakanaka kubva munhau, zvino muRussia XIX - XX mazana emakore. "Guru-simba chauvinism" - mutsara unoratidza hurumende yekutonga kune dzimwe nyika, pamwe neBolshevik inouya ichipikisana nekusarudzira nyika uye semafungiro ekutangatanga akatanga kukundwa, asi sehukama-chauvinism huri munyika dzechitatu. Kusvika iye zvino, kusarudza kuti chii chinonzi chauvinism mune mamwe masangano evanhu uye emagariro evanhu, nyanzvi dzinosiyanisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana:
- chitendero (kureurura);
- mhuri;
- racial;
- age chauvinism;
- chikadzi;
- mutauro.
Gender chauvinism
Pasinei nedzimwe rutivi rwekuratidzira - chauvinism inobva mukudzvinyirira uye kutonga kwevamwe pamusoro pevamwe, kupesana, kusaenzana kwekodzero. Nyika yose inotarisana nekusarura kwevakadzi ndeyekudaidzwa kwevechikadzi kana zvepabonde chauvinism. Misiyano muzvinhu zvepanyama pakati pemurume nemukadzi inoita kusaenzana mune zvezvematongerwo enyika, zvezvematongerwe enyika uye zvekugarisana - ino ndiyo pfungwa yekuita zvepabonde. Nhengo dzebonde dzinoita basa rinokosha pakuchengetedza zveuvinism.
Male chauvinism
Varume vanogona kunge vane tsitsi huru, tsitsi kune vakadzi, asi musazviona kuti vakaenzana, pamwe nekuda kwekusiyana kwepfungwa. Mukadzi chauvinism - izwi (rimwe zita - zvepabonde), rakagadzirwa nevaAmerican feminists. Munyori N. Shmelev akafunga kuti chauvinism varume chikamu chemunhu. Pasina kuziva, murume pane imwe nguva anogona kutaura anecdote nezve "mukadzi benzi" kana "amai vamwene vakaipa".
Unhu huratidzwa hwemurume chauvinism:
- shoko revanhu ndiro murairo wevakadzi;
- murume ndiye mukuru mumhuri;
- pfungwa, pfungwa uye pfungwa - musiyano pakati pemurume nemudzimai, umo maune manzwiro chete;
- munhu anogara ari akarurama;
- kune munhu - maitiro anoita munhu anodiwa anokurudzirwa, nokuda kwemukadzi - uku ndiko kutsoropodza kwevanhu
Chikadzi chauvinism
Pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana. vakadzi vekuEurope vakatanga kutaura kuenzana kwavo nevarume. Mutsara weAmerican suffragiste Abigail Smith Adams: "Hatizoteereri mitemo, kuburikidza nekugamuchirwa kwatisina kubatanidzwa, uye zviremera zvisingaratidzi zvatinoda" zvakaderera munhoroondo. Mukadzi ndeyekufungidzira, kwemazana emakore akawanda achiwana simba uye rutivi. Vakadzi vakakwanisa kuwana maonero akaenzana nevarume panguva ino:
- occupy leading positions;
- suffrage;
- hondo yebasa;
- chisarudzo chebasa chero ripi zvaro;
- rusarudzo rwokusununguka rwevabonde.
Zvose izvi zvakabatsira vakadzi kuti vave vakasimba munzanga, kuva vashandi, vane simba. Mukadzi wechipiri chauvinism nderimwe pfungwa yakamuka munguva pfupi yapfuura. Kusiyana nevakadzi, kuziva kodzero dzevarume uye kuedza kodzero dzakakodzana navo, vanokonzera - kuderedza basa revarume, kusimbisa hukuru hwavo. Varume vanoti vakadzi vanopesanawo nekodzero dzavo, ona kusarura sezvinotevera:
- kutanga kwekusunungurwa kwemakore zvichienzaniswa nevarume;
- zvishoma pasi zvekuita basa;
- kudikanwa kubvisa musoro wegeji mumitambo, kereke - mukadzi haafaniri kuita izvi;
- chisarudzo chokubvisa pamuviri - mukadzi anogona kutora oga.
Chauvinism muNyika Yemazuva Ano
Kukoshesa tsika dzedu, mararamiro, chitendero, mutauro, mimhanzi inowanzodiwa nevanhu vemarudzi ose. Chikwata chepamusoro chekufambisa mutsika, mumweya kunobatsira kuona zvikomborero uye kunaka kwezvose zvakasiyana-siyana zvenyika yemararamiro. Chimiro chauvinism inoparadzira nhaka yaro seyoga uye yakakwirira kune dzimwe tsika - inoparadza vanhu kunzwisisa .
Chauvinism muBhaibheri
Chii chinonzi chauvinism yemazuva ano? Hapana maonero akafanana pakati pevanhu vezvemagariro evanhu nevamwe vadzidzisi. Mhedzisiro yechiitiko ichi inobva pakadzika kwemazana emakore. Mukadzi chauvinism muchiKristu inobva pachirevo chekusika kwenyika. Mwari wokutanga akasika Adhamu, kubva kumbabvu wakamugadzirira Evha-mukunyaradza. Kutapwa kubva muParadhiso kunokonzerwa nemhosva yaEvha, uyo akavira (akazvipira kumuedzo weyoka) apule-chibereko chezivo. "Matambudziko ose omudzimai!" - izvi zvinyorwa hazvina kushanda mazuva edu.