Pragmatism ishoko rinowanzozivikanwa uye vanhu vanowanzozvinzwa mumashoko akadai se: pragmatism, munhu anonyadzisira. Muchidimbu chiverengero chemashamba ekumiririra, izwi rinosanganiswa nechimwe chinhu chakakosha, chakakwana, chakanaka uye chinonzwisisika.
Pragmatism - chii ichocho?
Kubvira panguva yekare, vanhu vakatsvaka kupa zvose zita uye tsananguro nechinangwa chinobatsira - kutumira ruzivo kune chizvarwa chinotevera. Mukushandura kubva muchiGiriki. pragmatism is - "chiito", "bhizimisi", "mutsa." Muchirevo chayo chikuru - mafirosofi ikozvino, zvichibva pamabasa anoshanda, semugumisiro wezvokwadi inonzi yakasimbiswa kana kurambwa. Baba-nheyo ye pragmatism semuitiro - muzivi weAmerica wezana remakore rechina. Charles Pierce.
Ndiani ari pragmatist?
A pragmatist munhu anotsigira mazano efilosofi - pragmatism. Mune manzwiro emazuva ano ezuva nezuva, munhu anonyadzisa munhu ane simba, kune avo:
- iro rinotungamirirwa nemafungiro akanaka uye anoongorora ;
- strategic;
- anoramba zvakanakira;
- zvose zvinoedzwa mukuita ("vanhu vanoita");
- anoziva kuronga nguva yake zvakanaka;
- chinangwa chinofanira kuva nekrete inoguma nemufananidzo webatsiro;
- anobudirira zvose iye oga;
- anotarisira hupenyu hwake zvakaringana;
Pragmatism yakanaka kana yakaipa here?
Kana iwe uchifunga chero humwe hutsika hweunhu - pane zvose zvinokosha. Unhu hwakanaka muhuwandu hunoshandiswa hutsva hunoshanduka kuva mutsara une chiratidzo chisina kunaka, uye pragmatism haisi iyo. Munhu akashandisa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvake anogona "kuenda musoro pamusoro pezvitsitsinho" asingafungi nezvekunzwa kwevamwe, achiwedzera kuoma nguva imwe neimwe. Munharaunda, vanhu vakadaro vanowanzokonzera godo - vanhu vanoona kuguma kubudirira kwebasa racho, asi havafungi kuti chii chaifanira kuitwa paanoratidzira uye kufunga kuti iine "rombo" chete.
Pragmatism mufilosofi
Kushandiswa kwemashoko ekurumbidza, izvo zvakagadzirirwa semhando yekuzvimiririra chete muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, zvinogona kuteverwa pakati pevazivi vekare saSocrates naAristotle. Pragmatism mufiroso maonero anouya kuzotsiva kana kusiyana nemafungiro evariro, "akarambana kubva kune chaicho," saka akafunga C. Pierce. Izvo zvinyorwa zvinyorwa, izvo zvakazozivikanwa se "Piers principle," zvinotsanangura pragmatism sezviito kana kushandiswa nechinhu chacho uye kuwana zvigumisiro munguva yezvinobatsira. Pfungwa dzekurudzira dzichienderera mberi kukura mumabasa evamwe vanozivikanwa mafilosofi:
- W. James (1862 - 1910) mufilosofi-mupfungwa wepfungwa - akasika dzidziso yekutsvaga kwemagariro. Mukutsvaga akatendeukira kuzvokwadi, zviito zvekuita uye zviito zvinobatsira, kuramba zvinhu zvisingazivikanwi, zvisingazivikanwi.
- John Dewey (1859-1952) - basa rake raiva kukudziridza pragmatism kuitira kubatsira vanhu kuti vavandudze hupenyu hwehupenyu. Instrumentalism inzira itsva yakasikwa naDewey, umo mazano nemanongedzo akaiswa mberi vanoshumira vanhu sezvigadziri zvinoshandura hupenyu hwevanhu kuti huve nani.
- R. Rorty (1931 - 2007) - mufilosofi neo-pragmatist aidavira kuti chero ruzivo, kunyange ruongorori, rwuri mamiriro ezvinhu uye rwakagara rwuripo.
Pragmatism mu Psychology
Pragmatism in psychology ndiyo basa rinobatsira romunhu anotungamirira pane chimwe chikonzero chinangwa. Pano pane maitiro anoratidza kuti pragmatists, vazhinji vavo varume. Izvo zvinoitika zvinoratidza kuti vakadzi vane kubudirira kumwe chete vanozadzisa zvinangwa zvavo. Nzira yekugadzirisa mune zvepfungwa inoparadzanisa zviratidzo zvehupenyu hwevanhu kuti zvibudirire (zvinobatsira) uye zvisina maturo (kudzivisa nzira inobudirira). Kuchenjerera uye pragatism ndiyo chivimbo chehupenyu hwakanaka, pragmatists inofunga, asi magwekoriya epfungwa vanoona nzvimbo iyi inokosha kwete mumurara woukomba:
- pragmatism haisi yemuenzaniso wehupenyu;
- ma pragmatists anowanzoputsa tsika dzepanyama uye dzetsika: kwavari ivo chikonzero chinonyanya kukosha, uye kwete kutaurirana kwevanhu;
- munyika dzakawanda pragmatism yakaratidza nzira yekufa. Kubatanidza vanhu kuti vawane migumisiro - inofungidzirwa zvikuru.
Pragmatism muchitendero
Pfungwa ye pragmatism inobva mumachechi. Munhu ari mumwechete kana kuti kumwe kupupura kunobatanidza nemitemo yaMwari kuburikidza neruzivo rwekuzvidzora: kutsanya, munyengetero, kubviswa kwehope, tsika yekunyarara - izvi ndizvo zvishandiso zvinobatsira zvakasimbiswa kwemazana emakore zvinobatsira kupinda muhumwe hunokosha hwehukama naMwari. Pragmatism inonyanya kuratidzwa muPurotesitendi nheyo yekusununguka kwehana - kodzero yekusununguka pachedu kusarudza uye kutenda.
Nzira yekukudziridza pragmatism?
Zvakakosha here kukudziridza mukati mavo unhu, izvo pakuswedera pedyo nekuongorora vanhu vazhinji vanotongwa? Zvose hazvinyanyiswi, uye pragmatism mukushandisa zvakanyanyisa inzira yakanaka pakubata migumisiro yakasimba. Kubudirira kwe pragmatism kunovakwa pakutevera uye kushandiswa kwezviverengero zvehupenyu hwake:
- kutanga nemabasa maduku nezvinangwa - zvichivaunza kumhedziso inonzwisisika;
- nguva inoshanda yekutarisira: kuchengeta diary, iyo inotsanangura mabasa ose ezuva neawa;
- kuronga zvinangwa zvenguva pfupi uye ndezvenguva refu (nguva, zvigadzirwa zvekushandisa, urongwa hwevanhu vanogona kunge vanobatsira);
- kupatsanurwa kwemabasa makuru mumatanho-nhanho-nhanho;
- kuzvidzora: kuwana zvipingamupinyi uye kubvisa zvachose, kunamatira kurongwa hwakarongwa;
- kushanda nemanzwiro: kukudziridza iwe pachako kugadzikana uye kupisa-ropa;
- nzira ye "kunyengedza kwekuziva" ndeyekuti munhu anoti kune pachake "Ndichashanda zvishoma ndoona firimu, tora kufamba", nezvimwewo. Izvi zvinobatsira kukurudzira pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki kuti dzishande, saka iwe zvipe iwe pachako mupiro wakapikirwa.