Chimwe chisingazivikanwi uye chisingazivikanwi, mwana ane chipo kana munhu mukuru. Pakati pevakomana, autism inowanzowanzoonekwa yakawanda kupfuura yevasikana. Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekutanga kwechirwere, asi zvose hazvina kunyatsojekeswa. Zvinhu zvekutsauka pakuvandudzika zvinogona kuonekwa mumakore ekutanga 1-3 ehupenyu hwevana.
Ndiani an autistic?
Vanokurumidza kutora pfungwa, ingave vanhu vakuru kana vana. Chii chinonzi autistic chirwere chinotaridzirwa nezvehupenyu chinoreva kukanganisa kukuru kwekusimudzirwa kwevanhu, kunoratidzwa ne "gadziriro mukati mako" nekudzivisa kusangana neicho, vanhu. L. Kanner, mwana wechiremba wepfungwa, akave nehanya nevana vasina kujaira. Azvitsvakira boka revana 9, chiremba akacherechedza kwemakore mashanu uye muna 1943 akaunza pfungwa ye RDA (kutanga kwevana autism).
Vatsigiri vekuziva sei?
Munhu mumwe nomumwe akasiyana nemasikirwo akasiyana, asi pane zvimwe zviitiko zvehutano, maitiro, zvinodhakwa uye vanhuwo zvavo uye avo vane autism. Pane huwandu hwezvinhu zvakajairika zvaunofanirwa kubhadhara kune. Autistic zviratidzo (izvi zvinetso zvinowanzoitika kune vose nevakuru):
- kusakwanisa kutaura;
- kuputsa kwekubatana kwevanhu;
- kukanganisa, maitiro asina kukodzera uye kusava nemafungiro.
Zvinodhaka zvevana vana
Kuzviratidza kwokutanga kwekusazvarwa kwechecheche, vabereki vakanyatsocherechedza vanocherechedza zvikuru kare, maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa, kusvikira kune gore rimwe. Ndiani ari autistic mwana uye ndezvipi zvinoenderana nekugadzirisa uye mufambiro unofanirwa kuchenjerera munhu mukuru kuitira kuti atsvake rubatsiro rwechiremba uye rwepfungwa nenguva? Maererano nehuwandu, 20% chete yevana vane nzira iri nyore ye autism, asi makumi masere ezana asiri makumi matatu nezana makumi maviri nemasere inokanganisa zvakakomba nezvirwere zvinokonzera (epilepsy, kuchetwa kwepfungwa). Kutanga nezera duku, zviitiko zvinotevera zvinoratidza:
- hakuna chinangwa chekuvandudza;
- Dzivisa kutarisa kwemaziso nevamwe, usatevera maziso ekutamba;
- urombo hwechitarisiko chechiso nechiso chemaziso;
- kunonoka kana kukwana kusakwana kwekutaura;
- kusava nemanzwiro;
- echolalia (kugadziridza kudzokorora kwemitsara);
- kutya kwezvinhu zvine ruzha uye zvinofamba;
- kusada kwekugoverana mufaro wavo, kubudirira mutsva, chido;
- kusabatwa kwemitambo inosangana nepfungwa nemafungiro;
- kutarisa kune rumwe rudzi rwebasa, toy;
- Kuvhunduka kwekupenya: kurohwa, kubhaira neminwe, kusvetuka nedu, etc ;;
- kudzivisa kubata;
- tsika.
Vanhu vakuru vese - chii?
Nekukwegura, zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinogona kuipa kana kusvibiswa, zvinoenderana nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka: kuoma kwechirwere ichi, nguva yakakodzera yekurapa mishonga, ruzivo rwehutano hwehutano nekuvandudza mano. Ndiani munhu mukuru autistic - inogona kuonekwa kare kare pakubatanidzwa kwekutanga. Autistic - zviratidzo kune munhu mukuru:
- paine matambudziko akakura mukukurukurirana, zvakaoma kutanga nekuchengetedza kukurukurirana;
- kusavapo kwekunzwira tsitsi (kunzwira tsitsi), nokunzwisisa kwehurumende dzevamwe vanhu;
- manzwiro ekunzwa: kushandiswa kwemaoko kazhinji kana kugunzva kwemumwe munhu kunogona kukonzera kutya mu autist;
- kushungurudzika kwepfungwa dzemuviri;
- zvakaratidzwa, tsika dzetsika dzinopfuurira kusvikira pakuguma kwehupenyu.
Nei zvipatisitiri zvizvarwa?
Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura pakave nenyoka mumatambudziko ekuberekwa kwevana vane autism, uye kana makore makumi maviri apfuura yakanga iri mwana mumwe chete kubva kune 1000, iye zvino 1 mu 150. Mifananidzo yacho inonyadzisa. Chirwere ichi chinowanikwa mumhuri dzine ruzivo rwakasiyana rwevanhu, kubudirira. Sei vakaberekerwa vana vese, zvikonzero zvevasayendisiti kusvikira kuguma kusati kwajekeswa. Vanachiremba vanoshevedza zvinenge mazana mana zvinokonzera kuitika kwehutano hwevhisi mu mwana. Zvinonyanyoitika:
- mazita ekuberekwa kwemagariro uye kuchinja;
- zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvakatorwa nemukadzi panguva yekuzvitakura (rubella, herpetic infection, chirwere cheshuga, zvirwere zvehutachiwana );
- Amai ava nemakore makumi matatu nemashanu;
- kupesana kwehuwandu hwehomoni (fetus inowedzera kugadzirwa kwe testosterone);
- hupenyu husina hutano, hukama hweamai panguva yekuzvitakura nemishonga inouraya uye zvinorema;
- chirwere chemuwana ane vaccination: iyo hypothesis haisi kutsigirwa neuchapupu hwezvesayenzi.
Zvitendero uye kushungurudzika kwemwana we autistic
Mumhuri umo vana vasina kujairika vanoonekwa, vabereki vane mibvunzo yakawanda yavanoda mhinduro, kuitira kuti vanzwisise vana vavo uye vabatsire kuwedzera mikana yavo. Sei kuisa maziso kusingatarisi chiso kana kuzvibata zvisina kufanira mupfungwa, kubudisa zvisingazivikanwi, tsika-semafambiro? Vakuru vanofunga kuti mwana anozvidza, haagoni kutaura, kana asingatarisi mumaziso kana achitaurirana. Zvikonzero zvinotarisa mukufungidzira kwakakosha: masayendisiti akaitisa chidzidzo, izvo zvakaratidza kuti autistics iri nani pakuratidzwa kwemuviri uye kune dambudziko mukudzora kufamba kweziso.
Kuita tsika kunobatsira mwana kuderedza kuzvidya mwoyo. Nyika ine zvese zvinoshanduka zvakasiyana-siyana haisanzwisisiki kune vanozvimiririra, uye mitambo inoita kuti igare yakasimba. Kana munhu mukuru apindira uye achiputsa tsika yemwana, panic attack syndrome , maitiro ane utsinye, kuzvidzora kunogona kuitika. Achizvichengetera mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika, mutongi anoedza kuita zvinowanzoitwa nezviito zvake, kuitira kuti anyarare. Mitambo uye kukanganisa pachavo zvakasiyana, pamwana mumwe nomumwe wavo oga, asi kunewo akafanana:
- shanduka tambo, zvinhu;
- kuisa mumutsara mumwechete;
- enda nenzira imwe chete;
- tarisa movie imwe chete kakawanda;
- vanodonera minwe yavo, vanozunungusa misoro, vanofamba vachienda;
- kupfeka zvinguva zvavo chete
- idya rudzi rune chikafu chekudya (kudya kwakashata);
- inopfura zvinhu nevanhu.
Nzira yekurarama ne autistic?
Vabereki vanoona zvakaoma kubvuma kuti mwana wavo haana kufanana nevamwe vose. Kuziva kuti munhu anogadzirisa chii, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti zvakaoma kumhuri yese. Kuti varege kunzwa vakasurukirwa mumatambudziko avo, vanaamai vanobatana mumisangano yakasiyana-siyana, vanoita zvibvumirano uye vanogovera zvishoma zvadzo. Zvirwere haisi mutongo, unogona kuita zvakawanda kuti uone zvaunokwanisa, uye hukama hwakakwana hwemucheche, kana iye asina chitarisiko chakasimba. Nzira yekukurukura ne autistics - kutanga kunzwisisa uye kugamuchira kuti vane mufananidzo wakasiyana wenyika:
- kunzwisisa mazwi acho. Chero majee, kunyomba hakuna kukodzera;
- vanowanzotaurira kuchena, kutendeseka. Zvinogona kugumbura;
- usada kugunzva. Zvakakosha kuremekedza miganhu yemwana;
- Usatsungirira mhere-mhere uye kuchema; kukurukurirana kwakadzikama;
- zvakaoma kunzwisisa mutauro wakataurwa, unogona kutaura kuburikidza nekunyora, dzimwe nguva vana vanotanga kunyora nhetembo, uko nyika yavo yepakati inoonekwa;
- kune uwandu hushoma hwenharaunda iyo mwana wacho akasimba, zvinokosha kuti aone uye achikudziridza;
- Kufungidzira kwomwana: mirayiridzo, mifananidzo, mifananidzo yekuenzanisa kwezviito - izvi zvose zvinobatsira kudzidza.
Ko autistics inoona sei nyika?
Havana kungotarisa muziso, asi vanoonawo zvinhu zvakasiyana. Autism yevana inozogadziriswa kuva munhu mukuru anoongororwa uye inobva kuvabereki kuti vana vavo vanogona kuchinja sei munharaunda, uye kunyange kubudirira. Vana autistic vanonzwa zvakasiyana-siyana: inzwi revanhu haringagoni kusiyaniswa nemamwe manzwi. Havana kutarisa pamufananidzo kana mufananidzo wose, asi vanosarudza chiduku chiduku uye vanoisa pfungwa pazviri zvose zvavanotarira: jira pamuti, chirasi pane shangu, nezvimwewo.
Kuzvidzivirira muAgistic
Maitiro evanamwari kazhinji haatenderani nemitemo yekare, ine maitiro akawanda uye kukanganisa. Kuzvidzivirira kunozviratidza pachavo mukupikisa kushorwa kune zvitsva zvitsva: inotanga kupfura musoro wayo, kupopota, kubvarura bvudzi rake, kunomhanya panzira. Muviri we autistic hauna "pfungwa yepamusoro", chiitiko chinotambudza chakaipa zvakasimbiswa. Kugadziriswa kwechikonzero ichocho, nekuda kwekuzvidzivirira kwaro kwakamuka, kudzokera kumamiriro ezvinhu anowanzoitika, kutaurira mamiriro ezvinhu - inobvumira mwana kuti anyarare.
Mhizha yezvigadzirwa
Iyo autism ine zvishoma zvakasiyana zvezvidimbu. Vabereki vakanyatsocherechedza vanogona kuona kufarira kwomwana kune imwe nzvimbo uye kukudziridza, iyo mune ramangwana inogona kuita kuti ave munhu anobudirira. Ndiani anokwanisa kushandisa vese-anopa ruzivo rwavo rwemagariro evanhu - ichi chiitiko chisingatauri kusangana kwenguva refu nevamwe vanhu:
- Drawing bhizinesi;
- programming;
- kugadziriswa kwemakombiyuta, imba yemidziyo;
- nyanzvi yezvokurapa kana achida mhuka;
- mabasa akasiyana-siyana;
- web design;
- shanda mu laboratori;
- accounting;
- shandisa nhoroondo.
Ndeapi magetsi anogara?
Hupenyu hunotarisirwa hwevanhu vevidistic hunofanirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka anogadzirwa mumhuri umo mwana anorarama, zvino munhu mukuru. Kuwedzerwa kwehutano uye zvirwere zvinokonzera, zvakadai se: kuora, kuora mwoyo kwepfungwa. Zvinokonzera kurarama kwenguva shoma zvingave zviitiko, kuzviuraya. Nyika dzeEurope dzakaongorora nyaya iyi. Vanhu vane zvirwere zve autistic spectrum vanorarama pamusana pemakore gumi nemasere.
Famous Autistic Personality
Pakati pevanhu vasingazivikanwi varipo vane zvipo zvikuru kana ivo vanonziwo savants. Nhamba yeNyika inogara ichishandurwa nemazita matsva. Chiratidzo chakakosha chezvinhu, zvinhu uye zviitiko zvinobvumira kugadzira autistic nyanzvi yeunyanzvi, kuvandudza zvigadzirwa zvitsva, mishonga. Vashandi vanowedzera kukurudzira kutarisa kwevanhu. Zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvenyika:
- Barron Trump is autistic . Iko kufungidzira kuti mwanakomana waDonald Trump mwanakomana weVicistic wakataurwa neBlogger, James Hunter, mushure mekubudiswa kwevhidhiyo, apo Barron anoona kuchena mukuzvibata.
- Lewis Carroll is autistic . Munyori anonyanya kuzivikanwa we "Alice muWonderland" akaratidza unyanzvi hunoshamisa mune zvemasvomhu, akasiyana mukunyengedzera mukuzvibata, akadzikama. Ndakasarudza vakuru - kukurukurirana nevana.
- Bill Gates is autistic . Mutori wevanhu vose, mumwe wevakiki vekambani "Microsoft".
- Albert Einstein is autistic . Vakawanda vemaitiro esayenzi vaiita sevasingadi kune vamwe. Maererano nenhepfenyuro, muimba yake yokupfeka yakasungirirwa zvipfeko zvakafanana zvezuva rega revhiki, izvo zvingaratidza maitiro ekuzvibata.