Munguva ichangopfuura, sayenzi yarega kugadzikana zvakanyanya, nhasi mazita okuti "biochemistry" uye "biophysics" haazoshamisi ani zvake, asi zvinowanzoitika kuti kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa hurongwa hwakatanga kare kare. Mumakore makumi matatu ezana remakore apfuura, shanduro itsva yesayenzi - pathopsychology - yakaumbwa pamaganho epfungwa nepfungwa dzepfungwa. Chii chiri munharaunda yezvinodiwa zve sayenzi, tinofanirawo kudzidza.
Sayenzi yepathopsychology yakaita sei?
Semasayenzi, chirwere chepathopsychology chakatanga kukura mumakore ekuma1930, munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri uye mushure mehondo-apo vanhu vazhinji vane nhamo dzehondo vakaonekwa avo vanoita basa repfungwa kuti vadzoserwe. Asi kukurumidza kukura kwesayenzi kunozosvika kuma1970. Yaiva panguva iyoyo iyo nheyo dzeRussia pathopsychology dzakagadzirirwa mumabasa ekutanga maitiro epfungwa dzepfungwa munyika yedu. Pakupedzisira, nharo pamusoro pemabasa, nyaya uye nzvimbo yepathopsychology yakapedzwa nema1980. Nhasi kune nzira yekuparadzanisa sayenzi muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, somuenzaniso, nhasi hutungamiri hwehutachiona hwechipatara hwakatora maitiro.
Nyaya uye chinangwa chepathopsychology
Pathopsychology inodzidza kushungurudzika kwepfungwa uye inotaura nekubatsira kwepfungwa dzepfungwa. Muchiitiko ichi, kuchinja kwehutano kunongororwa pamusana pekuenzanisa nedzidzo uye chimiro chekuumbwa kwemagariro ekutaura uye inotaura kune vanhu vane maitiro emapfungwa anowirirana neanogara. Kuenderera mberi kubva pane tsanangudzo, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti chirwere chepathopsychology ibasa rinobatsira rekurapa kwepfungwa, iyo nyaya iyo ndiyo yekuongorora maitiro ekugadzirwa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa, uye icho chinonzi chinokanganisa uye kusagadzikana kwepfungwa kwezviratidzo zvakasiyana, asi zvakafanana mumusana muduku, kureva, zvichienderana nechekare ( ane utano) inotaura.
Syndromes of pathopsychology
A syndrome inobatanidza zviratidzo zvehutano hwehutano kana cognition nzira dzinoitika neimwe purogiramu. Muchipfungwa chepfungwa, idzi syndromes dzinotevera dzinofungidzirwa:
- schizophrenic;
- oligophrenic;
- kugadzikana-endogenous;
- exogenously organic;
- unhu-husina kunaka;
- endogenous-organic;
- psychogenic-neurotic;
- psychogenic-psychotic.
Nheyo dzepathopsychology
Pane nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita zvidzidzo zvepathopsychological. Chiitiko chemukati chekudzidza kwakadaro chinotibvumira kuti tisava nemitemo inotevera:
- Kuongorora kwepfungwa. Inokubvumira kuti uongorore kushungurudzika kwepfungwa sehutano hwemabasa. Inotarisana nehupamhidzo yekuongorora kwemaitiro ekusawirirana kwepfungwa, kuziviswa kwezviitiko zvezviitiko zvakadaro uye nzira dzekudzorera kwayo.
- Nheyo yehupamhi yekuongorora. Anoziva maitiro edzidziso yehutano hwevanhu kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwezvikanganiso zvakasangana maari paanoita mabasa ekuedza.
- Zvimwe zviratidzo zvepfungwa zvepfungwa zvinogona kukonzerwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana uye uchapupu hwehurumende dzakasiyana. Saka, chiratidzo chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kuongororwa pamwe chete nekudzidza kwakakwana.
- Tsvakurudzo inoitwa nekubatsirwa nemabasa akadaro anogadzirisa kushanda kwepfungwa kushandiswa nemunhu mubasa rake. Uyezve, kugadzirisa kunofanirwa kunetseka nemafungiro ehupenyu hwemunhu kune basa rake, zvinoguma uye iye pachake.
- Kuedza kwechirwere hakufaniri kungoona kugadzirisa kwemaitiro akashandurwa emabasa ekufunga, asiwo kuchengetedza. Izvi zvinodiwa kuti adzorere mabasa akavhiringidzika.
- Kuedza kunofanirwa kufungisisa ukama hwomunhu kuti uone. Kazhinji vanhu vane pfungwa dzisina maturo vanoramba kuita mabasa uye zvino muongorori anofanira kutarisa mabasa ekuedza.
- Dzidzo dzechipatara dzinoshandisa nhamba yakawanda yemaitiro. Izvi ndezvokuti nzira yekuparadzaniswa kwepfungwa haisi imwe yenzira imwe chete, uye nzira dzakasiyana dzinodiwa kuti dzione nzira dzose.
Zvinetso zvepathopsychology zvinokanganisa masayendisiti ezvehupi hupi zvidzidzo uye zvigadzirwa, sezvo hakuna mumwe wavo asingabatanidzi unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana nevanhu vane pfungwa dzisina kunaka.