Cataract kubviswa - zvinokosha mazano kune varwere

Kugadzikana kwema-lens muzvikamu zvekutanga kunogona kurapwa mishonga. Pane imwe nguva inopera, kushandiswa kwechifananidzo kunowanikwa uye chiratidzo chinoderedzwa. Muchiitiko ichi, mhinduro chete ndiyo kubvisa cataract. Kana kupindira kwekuvhiya kuchiitwa nechiremba ane ruzivo, uye zvose zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa, kupora kunoitika nokukurumidza.

Ko cataract yakabviswa sei?

Muzvirongwa zvezvechiremba nzira dzakachengetedza dzokurwisana nehutano hwakadaro hunoshandiswa. Nzira dzekuita mabasa ekubvisa cataract dzinotarisana nezviratidzo zvechirwere. Kune marudzi akadaro ekuvhiya maitiro:

Ultrasonic phacoemulsification. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakatendeseka yekubvisa cataract. Inoshandiswa pakutanga kwekuvandudza kwehutano. Chinhu chiduku (3 mm) chinogadziriswa chinoitwa pamakorome, kuburikidza nezvose zvinowanzoitwa.
The laser. Chimwe chinhu chinoshandiswa kuburikidza ne micro-cut on the cornea. Danda racho rinoparadza nzvimbo yakakonzerwa ne-lens.
Extracapsular extraction. Kuvhiya uku kunonyanya kunetsa kupfuura kuvhiyiwa kwemalasi. Mushure mekucheka kwema 10-mm, nheyo yacho inobviswa, kristall sac inocheneswa uye iyo inogadzirwa inoiswa.
Intracapsular extraction. Iyo lens uye capsule zvakabviswa, uye iyo inogadziriswa inogadzirirwa munzvimbo iyoyo.

Ultrasonic Cataract Surgery

Kuti uite izvi, haufaniri kumirira kusvikira chirwere "chichiri". Izvi zvinogona kunonoka kwenguva yakareba, uye hupenyu hwomurwere huchazadzwa nekuchinja kusingafadzi: hazvibviri kushanda zvakazara, kuwana shure kwegumbo uye kuita zvimwe zviito. Mumudzi iwoyo uchashandura kushanda kwose kubvisa cataract. Iine zvinobatsira zvinobatsira:

kuchengeteka;
kusuruvara (kunoitwa pasi peanesthesia);
zvinyanyisa;
nguva pfupi yekudzorera;
kunonoka nekudaro nekudaro.

Nzira yekubvisa cataract ne laser?

Iyi nzira yekuvhiya ine mikomborero yakawanda uye apa ndevamwe vavo:

Cataract kubviswa ne laser - "chirungu-pasina" chirwere.
Kudzora pamusoro penzira yekuvhiyiwa kunoitwa nachiremba pane chekuona, saka zvikanganiso hazvina kubviswa. Iyo chinyorwa chinoratidza 3-dimensional model yeziso.
Kururamisa kukuru (kusvika ku1 micron): hapana chiremba wechiremba anoziva anogona kuita izvi nemaoko ake. Iyo laser inonyatsotarisa maronda acho ari oga. Ichi chikamu chiri kuzvisimbisa uye nekukurumidza kusimbiswa. Kunyange kudonhedzwa kweropairi kunogona kuitwa ne laser.
Inopa kugadziriswa kwechokwadi kweiyo yekugadzira lens uye yakagadzikana centralization. Ichi chigumisiro chinopfuurira kwemakore mazhinji.

Contraindications for cataract surgery

Kurwisana kwokuvhiya ne-turbid lens pane dzimwe nguva kunorambidzwa. Kunyangwe kubviswa kwecataract kune vakwegura kunopa chigumisiro chakanakisisa, hatifaniri kukanganwa pamusoro pezvinyorwa. Pakati pavo pane zvirwere zvakadai:

zvirwere zvinotapukira;
hemophilia;
onkozabolevanija ziso;
chirwere cheIschemic;
hypertension;
nguva shomanana mushure mekurohwa (pasi pemwedzi mitanhatu).

Ndinogona kubvisa cataract mune chirwere cheshuga mellitus here?

Kutonga kwakadaro kwave kuchibudirira kubudirira kwemakore mazhinji. Zvisinei, nokuda kwekuvhiya kubvisa chirwere cheshuga pasinei nezvinetso, inofanira kuitwa chete nechitsiko cheglucose index. Sezvo nechirwere ichi kukanganisa kwema-lens kunowedzera nokukurumidza kudarika kune vamwe vanhu, hazvibviri kuramba neine chirongwa chekuvhiya. Izvi zvinogona kuguma nekurasika kwakakwana kwechiono.

Ndeipi yekugadzirira kushanda kuti ubvise utachiona?

Kupindira chero kupi zvako kwekuvhiya kunoita kuti uongorore zvakakwana. Dzidzo dzinotevera dzinofanira kuitwa:

kuongorora ropa (yakagadzirwa, paR, pane hepatitis);
ECG;
urine analysis.

Zvose zvinogadzirisa hazvina maturo kupfuura mwedzi wekarani kubva pazuva raunenge waberekwa. IEGG inofanira kuitwa mavhiki maviri isati yasvika. Murwere anoda kupinda muchipfuva fluorography. Kana kuongororwa uku kuri kuitwa mukati memwedzi gumi nemana yapfuura, migumisiro yaro ndeyechokwadi, saka hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera fluorography.

Mukuwedzera, kugadzirira kwebasa rekubvisa kukanganisa kunosanganisira kuwana mazano kubva kune vanachiremba vakadaro:

ENT;
endocrinologist;
therapist;
chiremba wemazino;
cardiologist;
gynecologist (urologist);
anesthesiologist.

Kushanyira mazano ose aya kunokosha zvikuru. Vachabatsira kuziva mumuviri utachiona kana kupisa. Kufanirwa kwemazuva ano kune chirwere kunobatsira kudzivirira uye kudzivisa zvinetso zvakakomba. Murwere haakwanisi kurapwa zvishoma, sezvo hutachiona huvande mumutumbi hunobatanidza nguva yekuvandudza.

Uyewo nekuchenjerera kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kutora mishonga. Murwere anofanira kugara achiudza mutori wenhau ophthalmologist kuti anogara achitorwa mishonga. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kuisa kunze kwevhiki mushure mekushanda kwekutora mishonga ne anticoagulant chiito. Chikamu chinorambidzwa panguva iyi inoshandiswa doro. Murwere anofanira kuregererwa nebasa rakaoma romuviri.

Nenguva isati yasati yambobviswa kwechirwere ichi, inodzidziswa inotevera inokosha:

Shamba vhudzi rako.
Tora shower.
Pfeka zvipfeko zvepamba.
Iva nehope.
Hapana chokudya kubva manheru.
Nyore yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura inopedzwa.

Basa racho rinobvisa sei chirwere?

Nzira yekurwisana nemarara yakatsvuka inobva pane nzira yekuita chirongwa chekuvhiya. Kana cataract kubviswa kunoitwa nenzira inoshungurudza yakawedzera-capsular nzira, basa racho rinoitwa sezvinotevera:

Nzvimbo iyi inobatwa neine antiseptic agent uye anesthesia inoshandiswa.
Mucheka wakaitwa kubva pa7 kusvika ku 10 mm murefu.
Iko mberi capsule ye lens uye nucleus yayo inobviswa.
I "bhegi" yakacheneswa.
Akaisa lens rekuita.
Tsitsi dzinoshandiswa.

Apo kusunungurwa kwechirwere ichi kunoshandiswa nemusana unowanzoshandiswa nzira yezvinonzi intracapsular, chirwere chinoratidzika seizvi:

Bata ganda rakakomberedza maziso nebhaptericidal chaiyo yekugadzirisa.
Anesthetize.
Ita zvakakosha zvakakura, semugumisiro weiwo mhedziso ye crystalline lens inofanira kubudiswa pachena.
Icho chikamu che cryoextract chinounzwa kunzvimbo inoshandiswa uye mhuka "inokwezva" nayo.
Bvisa lens rakakanganiswa kuburikidza nekukanda.
Kushandisa iri bhodzi, kuiswa kunoiswa uye kunogadziriswa.
Seal the incision.

Kuvhiya kwechinonzi ultrasonic kunoonekwa se "yegoridhe standard". Inowedzera nenzira inotevera:

Kushandiswa kweganda reganda kunoshandiswa uye nzvimbo yeanesthesia inoshandiswa (kunyura kunoshandiswa kakawanda).
Chinhu chiduku chinoshandiswa chakaitwa pamakorome (anenge 3 mm).
Capsulorhexis iri kufamba.
Yakagadzirirwa mukati mechidziro chemvura inokosha, iyo inofanira kuderedza kugadzikana kwema-lens.
Ari kupwanyika uye kubviswa.
Intraocular lens installation.
Kuisa chisimbiso.

Kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa sei kubvisa cataract ne-laser device yakasiyana neimwe nzira yapfuura. Kupindira kwakadaro kwokuvhiya kunoitwa nenzira inotevera:

Ita zvisingabvhenekeri ganda uye anesthesia yemo.
A micronadhesis inogadzirwa pa cornea.
Capsulorhexis inoitwa.
Nhanho inoshandiswa kuimba yekare ye fiber-optic elements.
Ray anoparadza lens.
Iyo micheti inotorwa kubva muhomwe.
Shandura mushure we capsule.
Isa inonzi lens intraocular.
Seal the incision.

Inguva yakareba sei chirwere chechirwere chinotora?

Nguva yenguva iyi inogona kusiyana. Kubviswa kwehutachiona pamwe nekugadziriswa kwema-lens kunoitwa mumaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Zvisinei, chiremba anofanira kunge ane nguva yakachengetwa, kuitira kuti zvinhu zvose zvive zvakagadzirirwa zvakakwana kugadzirira kupindira. Mukuwedzera, mushure mekuitwa kwemaawa mashomanana ekutanga murwere anofanira kusvika pasi pekutarisa kwechirwere chemapfupa.

Kuvhiyiwa kweCataract - postoperative period

Kudzorerwa mushure mekunge kubudiswa kwemazimbekiti akavhara zvakananga kubva pane nzira yakasarudzwa yekupindira. Iyo nguva yose inogona kunge yakagadzirirwa zvikamu zvikamu zvitatu:

Vhiki yekutanga mushure mekuvhiya kubvisa cataract pamwe nekugadziriswa kwe lens. Panogona kuva nekurwadziwa kwakanyanya munharaunda ye peri-ocular nekuputika.
Kubvira pamasere kusvika pamakumi matatu. Panguva ino, maonero anooneka haana kugadzikana, saka murwere anofanira kunyatsoteerera kuregerera.
31-180 mazuva mushure mekushanda. Iko kune huwandu hwekuona kwemaonero.

Zvibvumirano mushure mekuvhiya kuti kubvise mishonga

Penguva yekudzorera, murwere anofanira kunyatsotevedzera zvinyorwa zvechiremba. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa kubvisa cataract, haugoni kusimudza zvigadziko. Mukuwedzera, mabasa epanyama anorambidzwa, sezvo anokonzera kusvetuka mukati mekuda kwemukati uye kunogona kukonzera kuora ropa. Kufanana kwakadaro kunogona kukonzerwa nekupisa, saka zviri nani kuramba mabhati ekugeza, saunas uye mabhati.

Zvibvumirano zvinosanganisira kurara. Hazvibviri kurara kune rumwe rutivi rweziso rakashandiswa, uye mudumbu. Kureba kwezvimwe zvacho kunokosha zvakare. Mumwedzi mishoma yapfuura mushure mekuvhiyiwa, nguva shoma yekurara inorondedzerwa ne ophthalmologists ndeye maawa 8-9. Panguva yeusiku zororo muviri unodzorerwa, saka haufaniri kuregeredza.

Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinosanganisira:

visual load;
mapfekete ezvekushongedza (unogona kuzvishandisa kubva kumasvondo mana mushure mekubviswa uye kunyatsocherechedza);
kushandiswa kwezvinwiwa;
kusvuta;
Kuramba kwezvokudya zvakakora, zvinonhuwira uye mapukisi mumwedzi wokutanga wekuvandudza.

Matambudziko mushure mokuvhiyiwa chirwere

Kunyange chiremba ane ruzivo rwechiremba haagoni kukwanisa zvakakwana kudzivirira zvakaipa. Mushure mokuvhiya kuti abvise ganda, zvinetso izvi zvinogona kuitika:

exfoliation ye retina (kakawanda inowanikwa mukurwere cheshuga mellitus);
kushandiswa kwemajeri akaiswa;
cataract yechipiri;
kupisa ropa mukati mekamuri yekare;
edema.

Kuvandudza mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwechirwere

Kuchengetedza ziso kubva kunze kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka zvichabatsira bhanji. Inoshandiswa pakarepo mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Kuvandudza mushure mokudzingwa kwecataract kwakanga kusina matambudziko, chiremba akaraira mishonga. Ziso madonhwe ane anti-inflammatory uye zvinodhaka zvinokonzera kusaporesa zvinoshandiswa pakukurumidza kuporesa kwekonoa.

Kana murwere aine chikonzero chakakwana chokuzadzisa chiremba chiremba, chirongwa chekudzorera hachizoperi kwenguva refu. Mushure mokuvhiya zvakakosha kushanyira ophthalmologist nguva dzose. Kushanyira kwakadaro kuchatibatsira kuziva panguva yepakutanga matambudziko epfungwa. Zvakakosha kudya zvakakwana panguva yekuvandudza. Menyu yezuva nezuva inofanira kuve yakagadzirwa nemiti yakagadzirwa nehupamhi hwemavhitamini A, C, E.

Kushanda kubvisa cataract - migumisiro

Kazhinji kazhinji matambudziko asina kunaka mushure mekupindira kwezvirwere zvinoratidzwa nevarwere vane zvirwere zvisingaperi. Izvi zvinosanganisira chirwere cheshuga, zvirwere zveropa nezvimwewo. Migumisiro isina kunaka inogona kuitikawo kana uchishandisa lens iri muchero wakaruka. Kune vakadai vakadaro mushure mekutapukirwa kwechirwere, kushanya kakawanda kune chiremba kunorayirwa.