Nyika yesayenzi inopfuurira kushamiswa nezvinhu zvitsva zvinowanikwa, uye hutano uye hupfumi hwematongerwe enyika hazvirevi pamwe chete. Dzidziso itsva mune zvemari, zvirongwa zvebasa remisika, nepo kuongorora nzira inoda nyanzvi kuti dzidzidze. Chii chinonzi basa rekushandura? Kubudirira kwezvirongwa zvataurwa pamusoro apa mumisika yepasi ndeyomusoro wevanyanzvi vakadaro.
Chii chinonzi "innovation"?
Innovation iyi inokosha inokurudzira hutsva hutsva uye ruzivo rwemashoko mumisika, inoita kuti vanhu vaone nezvezvinhu zvisiri izvo zvisiri izvo. Muchengetedzi weAustria Schumpeter ndiye wokutanga kupa chizivo ichi, uye muRussia shoko rakadaro rakangodzidza pamagumo ezana remakore rapera. Makuniyuni akawanda munyika ino ari kudzidzisa vadzidzisi munharaunda iyi, vachifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu edzimba.
Pane zviratidzo zvakadaro zvekushandura:
- radical novelty;
- kuda;
- feasibility;
- inoramba ichibatsira.
Nyaya yezvinhu zvitsva ndiyo mitemo nemitemo yekuvandudza maitiro, mienzaniso uye nzira dzekutsvakurudza, sangano uye hutungamiri pamatanho akasiyana:
- national;
- nzvimbo;
- muchikwereti chemabhizimisi evanhu.
Zvakakosha here kuti udzidze kubva kune innovation?
Vazhinji vanoita basa vanoratidza: zvakakosha here kudzidza huchenjeri hutsva, uye ndeapi tarisiro yebasa remangwana ravanotanga? Innovation inokosha inoda ruzivo rwakakura, nyanzvi dzemangwana mune dzidzo yepamusoro dzidzidziswa:
- kuwana uye kukudziridza pfungwa dzezvinhu uye zvese zvinodiwa nemusika;
- kudzidza tsika dzenyika, uye pachikonzero chavo kuti vaverenge zvakanyanya zvakagadzirwa uye zvinhu zvakakosha kuvanhu;
- kuona zvikwereti uye mari;
- count count;
- kutsvaga zvitubu zvemari yekuvandudza kweprojekti.
Social Innovation
Kusiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzezvesayenzi, uku kunyanzviwo kunodzidza kuchinja kweimwe rudzi rwehupfumi hwemagariro ehumwe kune imwe yakasiyana, yakavimbika, inobvumira kushandisa zvigumisiro nekuwedzera kuwedzerwa kwehukuru hwepfungwa. Pane humwe hutungamiri - hukama hwehutano, izvo zvidzidzo zvinoshandiswa kune zvinhu uye zvidzidzo zvehutungamiri hwevanhu. Main reference points:
- kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ekushanda;
- mhinduro yematambudziko emishonga, dzidzo uye tsika;
- Exchange of experience in the use of social European technologies: hospitals, environmental assessments, psychological rehabilitation .
Economic Innovation
Upfumi hwezvinhu zvitsva hunobva pakuvandudza nguva dzose, kukura kwezvinhu zvitsva uye zvinokosha, asi basa rinokosha rakapiwa kuvakadzi uye masayendisiti. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, urongwa uhwu hwekutsvakurudza kwesayenzi hunoti nyika inobatsira zvikuru. Chii chinonzi basa rekushandura? - Vaporofesa vazhinji nevashambadziri vanogovana zvavanoona nhasi. Zvakakosha kuti kunyanya kwepfungwa, kodzero uye teknolojia inopa kukurudzira:
- kukwikwidza kunobatsira uye kukura kwemabhizimisi
- kuumbwa kwemisika itsva;
- kushandura mafomu emarudzi ekushongedza nekuwedzera kwekusika.
Innovation in in demand
Chii chinobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu - zvakajeka, mumwe mubvunzo: ndeipi hutano hwose huri kushandiswa? Vadzidzi vane ruzivo vanowana nyore nyore basa:
- muI IT industry;
- bhizinesi uye bhizinesi rebhizimisi;
- kubhengi uye kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi.
Innovation yebasa rinopa zvakasiyana-siyana, sepistemological roots, zvinoshandiswa uye dzimwe sciences:
- hupfumi;
- filosofi;
- sociology;
- kushambadzira uye informatics.
Ndiani angashanda mushure mekugadzirwa kwezvinhu?
Ndiani angashanda mushure mekunyora kwe "innovation"? Pamusoro pehupenyu hwekusika uye hunoita-ichi ndicho chinonyanya kufadza. Ruzivo, kuda, kuzviziva-izvi zvose zvinokwezva vechidiki, saka hazvisi nyore kuwana kushandiswa kwematarenda avo mundima iyi. Nyanzvi yezvinhu zvitsva isiriwo nzvimbo yekutarisa, saka, kunze kwekuziva kwakanaka, munhu anofanira kuva nehutano hwemutungamiri, anogona kukwanisa kunyora mashoko akawanda panguva imwe chete, nokukurumidza kuverenga mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, uye kukwanisa kutaura nevanhu.
Nokushingaira uye kutsungirira kuita chaizvo basa rakanaka, nyanzvi mune innovation dzinogamuchira nzvimbo dzeutungamiriri:
- vatungamiri vepurojekiti;
- nyanzvi mune zvekugadzira zvemabhizimusi
- varairidzi vezvikoro.
Takafunga kuti innovation ndeipi - maitiro ekushanda musikana ndeye mubvunzo wepanyama. Iyi nhungamiro inosanganisira zvose chikamu chekugadzira uye kugadzira imwe, saka avo vakapedza zvidzidzo vanoita sevanjiniya, vatengesi, vatengesi, vanoziva mazvigadzirwa zvekare uye mapurogiramu, vanoita tsvakurudzo yakazvimirira. Yunivhesiti yemazuva ano inodzidzisa nyanzvi mune hutsva huri kubudirira kwenyika, nzvimbo, mabhizinesi, nyanzvi dzakanaka dzinowana basa mumamiriro ehurumende anotarisira zvinhu zvekusimudzira hupfumi.