Sigmund Freud (zviri nani kuti adzire "Freud") - anozivikanwa zvikuru muAustria wepfungwa uye psychoneurologist akabatanidzwa mukunyatsodzidza kweunhu hweunhu.
Dzidziso yekusaziva
Sigmund Freud ndiye akatanga nheyo uye maitiro e-psychoanalysis, iyo nheyo ye dzidziso iyi ndeyekusaziva. Nheyo yedzidziso yehupenyu , yakasikwa naFrud, inotaurira mienzaniso mitatu yakarongeka. Maererano nehuwandu hwevanhu, unhu huri kuunganidzwa kweConconscious ("It"), Kuziva ("Ini") uye Super-Consciousness ("Super-I"). Chero manzwiro, mafungiro, zvinangwa, zviito uye zviito zvemunhu zvinogadziriswa nebasa rekusaziva kwake, iro ndiro dare rekare uye rine simba remweya wevanhu, saka mairi kutonga kusina musoro uye kusingaperi. Pano, sekunge chiedza chisina kupisa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mauto makuru maviri ekufambisa uye hupenyu hwemunhu uyu ndeyeRibido ("The Striving for Life") uye Mortido ("Kuedza Kufa" - pfungwa ye Mortido haina kusimbiswa na Freud pachake, asi akagamuchirwa naye).
Pakati pezvikamu zvitatu zveunhu (mune mamwe mazwi, mazinga kana zvikamu zvepfungwa) kune hukama hunopesana, izvo zvinokonzera matambudziko ose epfungwa evanhu.
Nzira yekugadzirisa zvinetso zvepfungwa?
Kugadziriswa uye kukwikwidza kune zvinetso izvi kunogona kutungamirira munhu kuratidzira kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu, iyo inova tsika yake. Uye izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu ane zvinetso zvakakomba zvepfungwa (izvo mune dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuonekwa sezvirwere). Kubvisa vanhu vematambudziko aya uye kubata chirwere chepfungwa kunoratidzirwa nekuita basa rakanaka repfungwa dzepfungwa rinosanganisira kuongorora, kusanganisira kuburikidza nekukurukurirana kwevanhu pachavo uchishandisa nzira yekushamwaridzana pasina uye kurapa nekubatsirwa kwekudzoka uye musha mutsva yezviitiko zvakakosha zvepfungwa dzinoita zvakakonzera kukura kweunhu uye upenyu hwevanhu. Somugumisiro wezviitiko zvakadaro, munhu anotarisana nepfungwa inokonzerwa nepfungwa inosunungurwa kubva kune zvisinganzwisisiki. Iye zvino anogona kutanga hupenyu hutsva husina kukanganisa kwepfungwa uye maitiro epfungwa.
Pamusoro pechinhu ichi chinokosha chepfungwa yepfungwa yepakutanga, Freud's psychosexual theory is based, kutsanangura chero hukama hwevanhu (uye kwete kungoita zvepabonde) nemafungiro asina kufanira uye zvishuvo, zvinogona kuratidzirwa zvakajeka nezvinyorwa zvekare zvechiGiriki.
Zvinoreva Freud's Theory
Nokudaro, mafungiro aFrud ainyatsotsoropodzwa nemudzidzi wake akajeka zvikuru CG Jung. Iyi chokwadi pachayo inoshuma kukodzera kwechimiro chakadai mu psychoanalysis se "Oedipus complex".
Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Freud ane pachake kugoverwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvehupfungwa hwehupfungwa hwehupfungwa (kusanganisira muhuduku), kuwanikwa kwenzira dzekudzivirira dze psyche, kuwanikwa kwechiitiko chekugadziriswa kwepfungwa uye
Mafungiro uye pfungwa dzepfungwa dze Sigmund Freud dzakakosha zvikuru mukuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwepfungwa, mishonga, pfungwa dzepfungwa, uyewo masayendisiti akadai sefilosofi, zvemagariro evanhu, anthropology. Maonero uye maonero pamusoro pezvisikwa zvevanhu, zvakasarudzwa na Freud, zvaive nguva yekuvandudza nguva uye hutsva. Vakakonzera masayenzi makuru uye maitiro akazara emitambo, akakonzera kukura kwebhuku uye unyanzvi. Panguva ino, zvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana zveNeo-Freudian zvinowanzomiririrwa mune zvidzidzo uye maitiro epfungwa, midzi midzi inopinda muchikoro chepachiananalyse.