Nezve mapuroteni, sechinhu chinokosha chekudya kwevanhu, akatanga kutaura muzana remakore rechina reXIX. Yaiva panguva iyoyo, vainzi "mapuroteni" -kubva muchiGiriki "protos", zvinoreva "kutanga". Mapuroteni zvechokwadi ndiye "wokutanga" anokosha kumuviri womunhu.
Tinoziva kuti hupenyu hwose hwakavakwa kubva kumapuroteni. Asi puroteni pachayo yakavakwa kubva kumamino acids. Mapuroteni uye amino acids zvakabatana, semashoko uye netsamba. Mapurotini mapurisa, amino acids ndiwo monomers. Unhu hweprotheni hunotsanangurwa neamino acid yakagadzirwa, hutano hweamino acid ndiyo kukwanisa kwayo kuva chikamu cheprotheni.
Amino acids, ayo ari chikamu cheprotheni yemakumi maviri chete, mune zvakasikwa kune marudzi anenge 600. Aya makumi maviri amino acids anoita mamiriyoni eepuroteni dzakasiyana dzakasiyana nehutano uye zvinobudirira. Sezvakataurwa nemashoko, zvinokosha kwete kuti tsamba dzipi dziri mukati mavo, asi mune zvakarongwa sei tsamba idzi, uye mune zviitiko zveprotein: unogona kusangana zvakasiyana-siyana zvepurotekine dzine maitiro akasiyana eamino acid, asi urongwa hwegadziriro yeiyo composite amino acids ichave yakasiyana.
Inotsiviwa uye inokosha amino acids
Sezvatatotaura kare, kune 20 amino acids inoita puroteni. Izvo zvakakamurwa kuva zvisingashandurwi, zvisingaitiki uye zvigadziriswa zvinotsiviwa. Irreplaceable amino acids 8 amines, iyo isu tisingakwanisi kuigadzira pachedu, uye saka tinofanira kuidya nechingwa. Munyika, mbeu chete inogona kugadzira zvose amino acid ivo, vamwe vose vanofanira kutarisa muzvokudya.
Tinokwanisa kugadzira 12 amino acids isu pachedu. Iyo yakaumbwa kubva kune mamwe amino acids, sezvinodiwa. Ichokwadi, kuti izvi zviitike, hatifanire kuva nekushayikwa kwemaamine asingasviki. Mamiriro ezvinhu akashandurwa ndiwo amino acids, izvo zvatinowanzoita zvigadzirwa, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinowedzera kubva pakudya. Pazvirwere kana zvirwere, kupesana kwebasa GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT nzira yekugadzirisa inogumira kwenguva.
Apo zvokudya zvinopedzwa, mapuroteni anowanikwa kubva kumamino acids (muviri unosarudza zvaanoda kushandisa amines ikozvino), kana pasina chido cheiamino acid, inononoka muchiropa kusvika pazvinodiwa.
Kuenzanisa kweproteine neamino acids
Kusvika iye zvino, hapana hutano hwakasanganiswa hwepuroteni, zvikurukuru nokuti basa ravo harina kunyatsonzwisiswa. Zvisinei, vazhinji vanofarira kuita kupatsanurwa kwemapuroteni, zvichienderana nemaamino acids muzvakagadzirwa. Icho chikonzero, iyo inyanzvi inoshandiswa inotaura nezvekukosha kwemapuroteni-angave ane anokosha amino acids kana kwete.
Kuita kweprotheni kuumbwa mumuviri wedu kunotevera:
1. Tinodya mapuroteni (mhuka kana yemiriwo).
2. Nechibatsiro chemuviri wejusi uye mapenicreti epancreatic, tinoiparadzanisa kuva amino acids.
3. Amino acids mumukati inopinda muropa uye inoparidzirwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvehupenyu:
- Pakati idzi, puroteni (ikozvino "munhu") inogona kugadzirwa nokukurumidza, somuenzaniso, hemoglobin , enzymes;
- imwe amino acid inogona kusikwa, iyo ikozvino inofadza muviri;
- kana kana pasina chido che amino acids kuumba mapuroteni, yekutanga ichachengetwa muchiropa, vasati vada kudiwa.
Kunyanya uye kuperevedza kweamino acid uye mapuroteni
Mamiriyoni evanhu vari munyika anotambura nekushaiwa amino acid uye mapuroteni. Chikonzero cheizvi nzara, kudya kusina kukodzera (somuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzinotyisa, uko kushaiwa kweprotini muzvokudya kunowanzovhiringidza), kana kuputsika mumuviri, umo mapuroteni haafaniri kudyiwa, kana kuti mapuroteni haana kuumbwa kubva kumamino acid. Kunyanya kuonekwa kuratidzwa kweprotheni kukwana ndeku:
- kusakwanira kukura uye kukura kwehupenyu;
- anemia;
- kusava nekunyanya kwemakemikari emuviri;
- kudzikisa kudzivirira.
Zvisinei, mapuroteni akawandisa haashamisi mumuviri. Izvi zvinotungamirira kune zvirwere zvinotevera:
- kenza;
- arthritis;
- chirwere cheshuga mellitus;
- zvirwere zvepfungwa.