Kana nzira ye hematopoiesis ichivhiringidzika mumapfupa emafuta, nhamba yakawandisa yemasero asati aibva anonzi, anonzi lymphoblasts. Kana vakazofanira kuva lymphocytes, asi mutated, acute lymphoblastic leukemia inokura. Chirwere chacho chinoratidzwa nekugadziriswa kwemasero eropa akazara nema clones, uye haagoni kuunganidza kwete chete mumasese emapfupa uye maitiro ayo, asiwo mune dzimwe nhengo.
Kurapa kweacute lymphoblastic leukemia
Iko kunofungidzirwa kwechirwere chekugadzirwa kwemakumbo eropa kunokonzera kukanganiswa kwebasa rehupenyu hwose. Kusabatanidzwa kwemashure masero (lymphoblasts) kunokonzera kupindira kwavo mukati memakirinikodhi, spleen, chiropa, kukuvadza kunheyo yenheyo. Uyezve, kunyanya kwechirwere ichi kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwebasa remufupa wemafupa. Anoguma kubudisa nhamba yakakwana yemasero matsvuku eropa, maplatelets uye leukocytes, achizvishandura nekamberi clones ne gene gene mutation.
Zvichienderana nemhando yemasero anokonzerwa nekenza, yakaoma T-lymphoblastic (T-cell) leukemia uye B-linear inozivikanwa. Izvozvo zvekupedzisira zvinowanzoitika kakawanda, mune anenge 85% ematambudziko.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia - zvinokonzera
Chimwe chinokonzera kukurudzirwa kwechirwere chinorondedzerwa chirwere chisina kugadziriswa mumakromosomes. Zvimwe zvinokonzera izvi zvinenge zvisati zvasimbiswa, njodzi yeukamachiya yemhando iyi inowanikwa mumatambudziko anotevera:
- kazhinji kutapurirwa mucheche;
- zvirwere zvepachikafu muhama dzepedyo;
- kusvibiswa kwemahara, mahara;
- kubatana kana kuwana immune system defects;
- kupinda mukati mumuviri wehuipi hwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira - mishonga;
- kuchinja kwemajini asati aberekwa;
- zvirwere zvehutachiona;
- ava nemakore anopfuura makumi manomwe.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia - zviratidzo
Chimwe chezvikamu zvehutachiona hunoratidzirwa ndechekuti haisi chaiye yezviratidzo. Vanowanzofanana nehutano hwezviratidzo zvevamwe zvirwere, saka zvinokwanisika kuongororwa neukemia chete mushure mekuongororwa kweongororo yekuongorora.
Zvichida Zviratidzo:
- kazhinji zvirwere zvinopararira, tonsillitis;
- kurwadziwa muzvibatanidzwa, dzimwe nguva-mapfupa;
- tachycardia ;
- kusavapo kana kurasikirwa nechido, kuora kurasikirwa;
- anemia;
- kuwedzera lymph nodes (axillary, cervical and inguinal);
- kubuda ropa mumuromo wechipfu (kubva mumadzivo), matumbo, kubva mumhino;
- kuonekwa kwepomba uye maronda paganda, mavara matsvuku;
- kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri;
- kuvhiringidzika mubasa re genitourinary system;
- kuwedzera muhuwandu hwechiropa, spleen;
- kuora kwemaziso;
- kupera kweeiyo.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia - kurapwa
Chirongwa ichi chakaoma chinosanganisira matanho matatu:
- Yokutanga yakasimba chemotherapy ne cytostatics, glucocorticosteroid hormones uye anthracyclines. Izvi zvinobvumira kuregererwa kwechirwere - kuderedza zvinyorwa zve lymphoblasts mumapfupa emapfupa kusvika ku5%. Nguva yekuregererwa kwekuregererwa inenge mavhiki matanhatu kusvika masere mushure mekugadziriswa kwakagadzirwa.
- Pachipiri chechirwere, chemotherapy inoramba ichienderera mberi, asi mune zviduku zvishoma, kusimbisa mhinduro uye kuparadza
izvo zvakasara mutated masero. Izvi zvinokubvumira kumira acute lymphoblastic leukemia uye kudzivirira kudzoka kwechirwere munguva yemberi. Zvose nguva iyo kusimbiswa kunotora kubva pamwedzi 3 kusvika ku8, nguva chaiyo inotarirwa nechiremba anopinda maererano nehuwandu hwehupukisi. - Chikamu chechitatu chinonzi kunotsigira. Munguva iyi, kazhinji inonzi methotrexate uye 6-mercaptopurine. Pasinei nekukwirira kwechikamu chekupedzisira cherapi (makore 2-3), inobvumirwa zvakanaka, sezvo isingadi kutarisirwa - mahwendefa anotorwa nemurwere akazvimiririra.