Ultrasound (ultrasound) mumagariro ayo kazhinji inowanikwa pamigumisiro miviri: maitiro ekuratidzwa kwemafungu emashonga kubva kune vhidhiyo nemhando dzakasiyana uye Doppler effect . Iko kusvibiswa kwekupedzisira, kutanga kwezvose, ma mechanical oscillation nevanowanzoita kudarika zvinopfuura 20 000 kwechipiri. Pakugara kweUnited States - tsvakurudzo inonzi ultrasonic wave kubva pajiji ye emitter inopinda nemicheka yemunhu, inobatwa nayo kana inoratidzwa.
Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoratidza ultrasound: mhepo nemapfupa zvinenge zvichinyatsoratidza, uye zvakanyanya mumatumbu ehutachiona, zviri nyore kuti mhepo inopfuura. Kuburikidza nepakati pemvura yakasviba, mhepo inofamba inongopfuura kwete kushaya simba, asi, pamwe chete, nekusimudzirwa kwechiratidzo.
Iyo inoratidzwa yakajeka inodzokera kune sensor uye inoshandurwa kuva chiratidzo chegetsi, uye mushure mokugadzirisa iyo inoratidzwa pahwindo rinoratidza mufananidzo wemufananidzo. Doplerography inoshandisa mazai echando, asi haina kuratidza kubva panzvimbo dzakagadziriswa, asi kubva pakufambisa nhau. Icho chinonyanya kukosha ndeyekuti kuburikidza nekuratidzira kubva pane chinhu chinenge chichifamba, inonzi ultrasonic wave inoshandura nguva dzayo. Iyo inokurumidza kukurumidza kufamba-iyo inowoneka, uye naizvozvo Doplerography inoshandiswa kuyera kuyerera kwemajiji kuburikidza nemidziyo.
Zvinokanganisa vakadzi vane pamuviri here?
Sezvo kushandiswa kwekudzimara kunokonzerwa nemichina, hapana chikonzero chekutaura pamusoro pemhando ipi neipi inokuvadza pamuviri wehutumbi kana fetus. Hungu, uye mazuva ano masvikiro echinguva chiduku anobudisa mhepo, uye nguva yakawanda ichibata zviratidzo zvayo (kushanda mu pulsed mode). Asi nehupenyu hunoramba huripo hwe ultrasound (kunyanya mukuenderera mberi kweDoppler systems), chiratidzo chinobudiswa kwenguva yakakwana.
Ultrasound radiation ine mitatu inogadzirisa zvinetso, izvo zvisingakanganwi:
- mechanical (mhizha ye cavitation nekuumbwa kwemagetsi-rupture mumasukisi, umo kukanganisa kwavo pa micro level kunogona);
- kupisa (simba rakagadzirirwa remafuta emashonga mumasukisi ane rine yakawanda yemvura inoshandurwa kuva inopisa, inopisa nhengo uye mishonga);
- physico-makemikari (kuputika kwezvinonzi intramolecular bonds pasi pesimba re ultrasound, kusanganisira pazinga reDNA).
Nekuwedzerwa kwenguva yakareba kune ultrasound, kunyanya muhupenyu hunoramba huripo, humwe huipi husingaiti nhengo nenyama ye fetus inokwanisika, nokuti kazhinji ultrasound panguva yekuzvitakura inokuvadza. Ultrasound kuongororwa haigone kuitwa kakawanda, uye dopplerography yemidziyo ye placenta uye fetus inonyatsoenderana nezviratidzo.
Inokuvadza sei ultrasound pakuzvitakura?
Anenge vose vakadzi vane pamuviri, vaziva kuti pakubata pamuviri vanofanira kuongorora 3 miedzo ye ultrasound, vachafunga kana ultrasound inokuvadza kana kwete. Chero chinokonzerwa nemuviri, kusanganisira ultrasound, nguva dzose ine zvimwe zviitiko. Asi kana zvisinganyanyi kukosha zvokuti kubatsirwa kwakawanda kudarika kukuvadza kwe ultrasound panguva yekuzvitakura (migumisiro inogona kuitika kana isingaiti), zvino zvakakosha kufunga, uye chii chinonzi ultrasound?
Kuongororwa hakusi kungoziva kuti nguva yekuita pamuviri kana kuti kugadzirisa hutano hwemwana - yechipiri kazhinji haisi kufarira chiremba, uye yekutanga inogona kusimbiswa nedzimwe nzira dzokutsvakurudza. Ultrasound kuongororwa kunogona kuratidza hutano hwekuzvimba nemwana pachako, asi kwete iyo inogona kuva, asi iyo inenge iripo.
Chokutanga pane zvose, ultrasound inotsigira uterine pamuviri, inobatsira kutsvaga kuberekwa kwepakutanga, kukanganisa kukuru kwe fetus (somuenzaniso, anencephaly ye fetus - kushayikwa kweuropi), nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaipa (kusakwana kwemuviri wenyama, kukanganisa kwemwoyo), mumashoko ekupedzisira anoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu placenta uye fetal presentation.
Zvingave zvinokuvadza kuita ultrasound kazhinji pane imwe nyaya, asi mavhenekeri matatu ekuongorora (pamasvondo 11-14, pamasvondo 18-21 uye pamasvondo makumi matatu nemakumi maviri nemaviri) anofanira kupfuudzwa kunyanya nenguva kuti aongorore chirwere chakakomba chepamuviri uye kusimba kwekukura kwe fetus, pakuenzanisa iyo iyo mubvunzo iwoyo kuti ultrasound inokuvadza pakuzvimba, haikwanisi kunyange kusimuka.