Makumi mashomanana apfuura, murume-workaholic aionekwa semuenzaniso, vatungamiri vebhizimisi vakagadza vanhu vakadaro semuenzaniso kune vamwe vose, izvo zvakakonzera chido chevarandaholics kushanda zvakaoma uye zvakanyanya. Ndeupi rudzi rwekusaziva hunoita kuti munhu azviratidze muchishuvo chisina kudzorwa chekushanda uye ... kushanda?
Workaholic - ndianiko?
Kana ukatarisa zvakanyanya, mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu kune munhu anogara aripo kamwe chete, ari kushanda uye achidzokorora: "Basa riri pamusoro pezvose!", "Zvakakosha kushanda zvakaoma!". Munhu anotambudzika ndiye munhu uyo upenyu husina basa husingafungi. Kutsvaka basa ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinodiwa nevanhu, asi mune workaholic, chido ichi dzimwe nguva chinova chinangwa chimwechete uye zvinoreva kuvapo kune vose. Zvese zvimwe: mhuri, shamwari, zororo, kugutsikana kwezvido zvevanhu uye zvido zvinosundirwa kumashure kana nokusingaperi.
Workaholism in psychology
Workaholism sechimiro chekuzvibata kunogadziriswa pane zvakafanana nechirwere chakadai sechidhakwa. Izwi rokuti "workaholic" rinoita sokutuka kana kutukwa kune munhu, asi zvidzidzo zvemazana makumi emakore ekupedzisira ezana remakore rechi20. uye bhuku rebhuku reAmerican psychologist W.E. Watts "The Confession of Workaholic" - yakabvumirwa kutarisa workaholism sekurwadziwa kwepfungwa mupfungwa, zvakafanana nekuchiva doro nezvinodhaka. Nheyo ndiyo nzira dzakadaro:
- kudzivisa matambudziko mu "alternative" chaiye;
- kuve nokufara uye kufara nenzira iyi.
Zvinokonzera workaholism
Sei vanhu vachiva vashandi vehutano, nyaya yacho ndeyemusoro kune vanhu vakangoerekana vaona kuti kunze kwebasa, hapana chinhu muupenyu hwavo. Zvikonzero zvekuumbwa kwekuumbwa kwebasa:
- Yakagadzirirwa kubvira paudiki, tsika yekudzivisa matambudziko, kutyisa mune chero basa;
- Muenzaniso wemhuri yemubereki, umo vakashanda zvakaoma uye zvakaoma, vakawana zvishoma, asi vaiva neboka re regalia: badges, medals, zvivako zvebasa rehana;
- Mwana, kakawanda mukuru mumhuri, kuwana rudo rwevabereki uye kubvumirwa kunotora basa rekuita "mukuru" mabasa epamba.
- Kunzwa nezvekukosha , kukosha uye kudiwa kuburikidza nebasa rakaitwa: "Pandinenge ndiri kubasa, ndinokosha pane chimwe chinhu, ndinozvida ini, ndinozviremekedza uye hapana chimwe chinhu!".
- Kodzero yekukurukurirana;
- Pane imwe nguva yakagamuchirwa euphoria uye yakaratidzwa nehutungamiri hwebasa - kugadzirisa kumira kwakakwana mumunhu zvakare kunzwa manzwiro akadaro.
Zviratidzo zvekushanda
Chii chinosiyanisa workaholic kubva kune mumwe munhu anoshanda zvakaoma munharaunda? Workaholism unhu hutsika, uye kana ukatarisa zvakanyanya kune munhu akadaro iwe unogona kutevera zvinogara zvichiratidzwa, kana zvinonzi "fad" ye workaholic:
- inotaura chete nezvebasa;
- anoshandisa pakutaura mazwi: "anofanira", "zvakakosha kurima", "kuda", "kushanda pamusoro pedenga";
- nguva yekupera kwevhiki uye mazororo anonzwisiswa nehutambudziki sekushatiswa kwenguva yakashandiswa;
- kumba pese pfungwa pamusoro pebasa;
- Kuzorora uye kufara hakusi pamusoro pekushanda: zvinonzwa zvisina zvazvinobatsira uye zvisingaregi;
- anozvidza zvinodiwa zvemhuri, wese mutoro wekugadzirisa nyaya dzepamba uye nzira yekurera vana ndeyechipiri shamwari;
- kukonzerwa mupfungwa uye kusungwa;
- inogutsa vamwe kuti ari kushanda nekuda kwekuchengetedza mhuri kana kuuya kune imwe chikonzero;
Mhando dze workaholism
Basa revashandi rakasiyana uye rinoenderana nechinangwa uye zvinangwa, maitiro ehutsika hwehupenyu. Urongwa hwe workaholism:
- Kufambira mberi kwehupfumi - mumasangano ose uye munzanga sevanhu vose, kune vanhu vanoita zvekuita avo vanoda kuzvipira kuita basa revanhu.
- Office workaholism . Nzira yakakurumbira yekuzvidzivirira kwevashandi.
- Kubata workaholism - inobata vanhu vane unyanzvi.
- Mitambo yehutano ndeyekutenderera pamitambo uye maitiro.
- Musha workaholism . Vakadzi vanozvipira kune hutungamiri hwemhuri havafungi ivo pachavo pasina mabasa ezuva nezuva emhuri, izvo zvinotora nguva yose isina nguva.
Workaholic - yakanaka kana yakaipa?
Workaholism haigoni kunyatsotaurirwa kuti ndeyezvikamu zvezvakaipa zvisina kunaka. Pakutanga, kufemerwa kwechiito, kuzvipira kwakazara kune purojekiti kunogona kubatsira kufambisa munhu pamakambani emabasa, kutanga bhizinesi rakabudirira , kuunza tsvakurudzo kune zvinobatsira zvevanhu. Asi kunetseka kuripo mukuti munhu haakwanisi kumira munguva uye kuchinja kune mamwe mararamiro ehupenyu. Workaholism nemigumisiro yaro:
- nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare kunaka kwebasa rinoitwa kunotanga kutambura;
- Kuneta kwenyama uye kwetsika kunowedzera;
- yakaumbwa nezvirwere zvepamatic;
- kukanganiswa kwepfungwa kwakasiyana;
- kuora mwoyo;
- kuputsa nevanodiwa.
Nzira yekushanda sei?
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti zvinotarisirwa nevarandaholics, izvo zvakaoma kururamisa, uye hukama nehupenyu hwevamwe vanhu haisi hwakanyanya kunaka. Asi zvakadini kana zvirongwa zvarongwa zvakanyanya kupfuura zvimwe zvose. Zviito zvinobatsira pakuumbwa kwe workaholic:
- iron discipline;
- kugadzirira kusurukirwa;
- shanda mumamiriro ekukurumidzira pasina mazuva uye kurega kwenguva yakareba.
Nzira yekurarama nehavhaka
Munhu anonyanya kufarira, munhu asingadi kutaurirana kwezuva nezuva nekukurukurirana kwemibvunzo, munhu akadaro akaoma kupinda mumhuri kana hukama hwehukama , uye kana izvi zvikaitika, imwe hafu inofanira kuva yakagadzirira nokuda kwekuti basa racho richaita nguva yakawanda yehutanoholic. Zvimwe zvikamu zvehukama, kana wawakaroorana naye achivimba nebasa:
- kuzvininipisa uye kugamuchirwa nemumwe wako sezvaanoita;
- sarudza nguva isina nguva uye edza kuudza munhu zvinetso zvinokurudzira uye kuzvidya mwoyo kwehupenyu huri pamwe chete;
- kupa kune kuenda kumudzidzi wepfungwa.
Nzira yekurapa workaholism?
Workaholism chirwere, uye kurapwa kunogoneka chete kana munhu achiona dambudziko riripo. Kushanyira kune chiremba wepfungwa kunobatsira kuziva mhedzisiro yehutsika hwekuvimba uye kutanga kurarama, kugadzirisa dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupenyu dzakatangwa. Psychotherapy boka uye munhu, pane dzimwe nguva nekugadzwa kwevanhu vanoita zvekuita mumatambudziko akaoma. Kuita basa revanhukadzi kwakanyanya kuoma kururamisa uye kunotungamirira mukuratidzwa kwehukama hwemunhu mumunhu , zvekufunga.
Nzira yekubvisa sei workaholism kune mukadzi - mazano:
- shanyira kudzidziswa kwepfungwa panyaya dzevakadzi;
- kusimbisa kuzvidzora;
- pashure pebasa rakaitwa zvakanaka, kunyange kana rinokonzera kusagadzikana kwekuzorora, zvekuvaraidza, kunyorera nzira;
- kutanga kutamba.
Zvinonyanya kunzi workaholics
Vanhu vakakurumbira ndivo vanotambudza, avo vakaratidza nemuenzaniso wavo kuti kubudirira kunzvimbo dzakakwirira ndezvechokwadi. Vanhu ava vaiziva zvaiitika uye vakanga vatsanangura zvakajeka zvinangwa uye chido chekuzviziva ivo, kupa chimwe chinhu chinokosha kuvanhu. Izvo zviitiko apo kushandiswa kwehutano kunobatsira nyika inogona kunzi mienzaniso yakanaka. Known workaholics:
- Bill Gates . Murume akavanzika akavaka Microsoft. Kwemakore matanhatu kubvira pakutanga kwebasa racho, ndaiva nezororo kwemavhiki maviri chete. Kuti zvigadziriswe kusapisa, ndakaita maawa masere pazuva kuti ndiende kumafirimu.
- Amai Theresa . Muenzaniso wekutambudza nekuda kwevamwe. Mabasa makuru e-prioress akamuunzira kugutsikana kwetsika kwakanyanya, achitsiva hupenyu hwake hwega, kusava nekurara zvakakwana.
- Jack London . Mumwe munyori akasiyana-siyana, nokuda kwehupenyu hwake hupfupi asi hwakajeka, hwakazara nebasa rakaoma kwemaawa makumi maviri nezuva, akakwanisa kunyora nyaya, kupinda mukati mehupenyu hwavo uye nharaunda mumweya yevanhu. Jack akaisa mutemo wesimbi: zvisinei kuti wakaoma sei uye wakazadzwa nekutambudzika zuva - mazwi ane chiuru anofanira kunyorwa.
- Margaret Thatcher . Mutsara wekona weHurumende yeEngland, wakatumidzwa zita rokuti "Iron Lady" yaiva: "Ndakaberekerwa kushanda."
- Walt Disney . Kuranga kwakasimba, dzimwe nguva imwe nehafu yenguva yehope zororo pamusi inobvumira kuti vakawanda vaone kurota kwavo.
Mafirimu pamusoro peedkaholics
Workaholicism dambudziko repfungwa rinowanikwa nevanhu vakazvitsaurira pachavo kumabasa avo uye vanosarudza kana zvakakosha nguva uye, semugumisiro, vakapedza huzhinji hwehupenyu hwavo vakaisa pa "aritari" yebasa - iwe unogona kuona nekufungisisa pamusoro pekuona mafirimu anotevera:
- "Dhiyabhorosi Anoshandisa Prada" - Miranda - heroine inotambidzwa nekanaka Meryl Streep - muenzaniso wevakadzi vanopenga vanoshanda vasinganeti. Andrea (Ann Hathaway), mushandi mutsva, anoshanda kumativi ose eawa kuti awane nzvimbo munzvimbo itsva uye anoratidza kuti akakodzera. Pasina nguva hupenyu hwaArena hunoita kuti pfuure.
- "Social Network" - firimu-biography pamusoro pemuchengeti muduku wechidiki Mark Zuckerberg. Mutengo wekubudirira ndiko kurasikirwa neshamwari. kusurukirwa uye kuda kwevashandi vavo kuita basa rimwe chete rezvibayiro.
- "Kramer vs. Kramer" ifirimu yekare, ine mutsa inotiudza kuti mhuri ndiyo chinhu chinokosha muupenyu. Iyo hero yaDustin Hoffman, uyo anozvipira pachake kune chinokonzera chose, anoona chokwadi: mudzimai wake anomusiya, achimusiya mwanakomana ane makore matanhatu.
- "Kurashikirwa neshamwari uye kuita kuti munhu wese azvivenge iwe" - musoro wefirimu unotaura pachawo. Nzira iyo kubva kune mutori wenhau asina kubudirira kusvika kumakwikwi evanhu vanobudirira nekuda kwehutanohu, iyo hero yeSydney ibhoni inofara here?
- Mhuka yeWall Street . Kana zvakanyanya uye basa rakawanda, kurota kunogona kuzadzika ipapo?