Ndeupi musiyano pakati peii nehuta?

Sezvinozivikanwa, masero ezvepabonde, zvakasiyana nedzimwe sangano, izvo zvikamu zvezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana uye maitiro, zvakasiyana, kutanga kune zvose, kuburikidza nekunyanya kwavo, izvo zvinosanganisira mukuberekwa kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera. Ndicho chikonzero maitiro avo ekugadzirwa kwepabonde ane haploid yekromosomes, i.e. hafu (23 chromosomes). Panguva imwe chete iyo fetus fetus inowana yakasiyana kubva kuna amai uye kubva kuna baba. Inofanira kuonekwa zvakare kuti kubva kune iyi nhamba yekromosomes yega yega yekromosome yepabonde inotarisana nehutano hunotevera hwomwana, nokuti 22 inotosva. Ngatinyatsocherechedza maitiro evanhukadzi zvepabonde, uye tikuudzei pamusoro pemusiyano uri pakati pekadzikadzi zvepabonde, evha, kubva kumunhu weshure.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvehutano hwemashure evanhukadzi zvepabonde?

Saka, spermatozoa, tichifunga nezvekuti ivo vanofanira kunge vane mafambiro akakwirira ekugadzirwa kwemumera, masero mashoma, muviri wavo unoparadzaniswa. Uhu, husina kusiyana newavo, hauna ye-cytoplasm yakawanda. Inosanganisira chikamu chine nucleus chinonzi musoro, uye flagellum (muswe), iyo inhengo yadzo. Kubva kune izvo zvinonzi subcellular zvivako mu spermatozoon, kune mitochondria iyo inopa iyo simba rinodiwa kuti rifambe, iyo acrosomal vacuole (ine enzymes yokuputsa mavhopu mazai aibva), the proximal centriole. Zvose zvakakwana zve spermatozoon inowanikwa 60 μm, iyo muswe uri 55 μm.

Paunenge uchisiya mukomana wepabonde, iyo testicle, chirume chinenge chisati chapera, i.e. havakwanisi kufamba, asi vakagadzikana zvachose morphologically. Nokudaro, havakwanisi kushambira. Kushandura kwevarume vepabonde emasero kunowanikwa mumutambo we vas deferens.

Ndezvipi zvikamu zvehutano hunhu hwechikadzi chemajeri chemajeri?

Mukadzi wechikadzi masero, mazai, kusiyana ne spermatozoon, yakakura kwazvo muhukuru uye hauna kufamba. Kukura kwayo kunosvika 100-200 microns muvanhu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nechikonzero chekuti iyo ndiyo yai ndiyo yekuchengetedzwa kwe trophic connections, iyo inongoda kudiwa kwekuvandudzwa kwemuuyo pamatambo ekutanga. Uyezve, nhamba yakawanda yezvigadzirwa zve cytoplasmic muzvigadzirwa zvayo zvinodiwa pakuumbwa kwezvizvarwa zvekutanga zve embryonic cells - blastomeres.

Evha masero, zvakasiyana nehupermatozoon, inoratidzwa nekakura huru yakakomberedza, iyo euchromatin (nucleoprotein inowanikwa pedyo nechepakati penhiyo, inonyanya kusvibiswa, inotarisirwa kuendeswa kwemashoko ekuberekwa) inotangira uye inenge yakawanda ye cytoplasm. Panguva imwe chete mitochondria mukati maro mune zvishoma, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuderera kwevakadzikadzi zvepabonde. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti masikati evanhukadzi zvepabonde haapo. Izvo zvinogona kuva, zvichida, chikwata chekutanga chekuumba kwavo, pachigamba chegony. Kazhinji, maovules ari pedyo nekusangana nemasero, ayo, chaizvoizvo, anogadzira kubatana uye epithelial membrane kumativi ega ega yesero yevakadzi. Iyi yakaoma yakanzi "ovarian follicle". Chimiro chayo chakaoma mukugadzirwa kwe oogenesis .

Kusiyana kwose kweii kubva kumunhu hakugoni kuiswa mune rimwe tafura, saka aya ndiwo masero maviri akasiyana.

Ndezvipi zvakasiyana zvikuru pakati pemasero ejema?

Sezvo ataura pamusoro peii mazai akasiyana nea spermatozoa uye nei, kuwedzera kumwe, ndinoda kunyora kusiyana kwavo kukuru. Pakati pavo pane:

• chromosome (in spermatozoa - X chromosome, mu oocyte - U);
• zvakasiyana-siyana zvenyukireya-cytoplasmic ratio (yakakura mu spermatozoon, yakadzika muvha);
• ukuru uye chimiro (chikuru uye chakakomberedza zvishoma nezvishoma);
• chirume chine chinhengo chekufamba.

Nokudaro, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti zvakasiyana-siyana zve spermatozoon kubva muzai zviri muhutano, zvichienderana nehutano hwehupenyu hwakapiwa kwavari.