Meningococcal utachiona ihosha yakaoma inokonzera pathogenic microorganism Neisseria meningitidis. Kuyera uye kugona kwezvipembenene zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwechirwere, asi inenge nguva dzose chirwere chakanyanya uye chisina kukwana kana kuti chirwere chisina kukodzera chakazara nechakaipa chinoguma.
Ko meningococcal zvirwere zvinoparadzirwa sei?
Iyo chete inobva kune pathogen ndeye munhu ane zviratidzo zvakajeka zvechirwere. Meningococcal utachiona hunoparadzirwa nechishuvo. Pathogenic microparticles inosunungurwa mukati mehutano panguva yekukurukurirana, kana kukwezva kana kuchenesa, asi chirwere chacho hachiparidziki zvakanyanya sekumwe zvirwere. Kukurudzira kubatana kwepedyo, kunyanya kana zvichiitika mumba.
Mushure mokupinda mukati moutachiona mumuviri wakagwinya, munhu anova mutakuri wayo. Iyo menicoccus inogona kugara kubva mumazuva mashomanana kusvika kumwedzi yakawanda, zvose zvinoenderana nehutano hwekuzvidzivirira uye mararamiro. Kana pakarepo mushure mekusangana nemurwere kutora matanho akakodzera, meningococcal utachiona huchadziviswa uye huchapera. Kunyange zvazvo mushonga unoziva zviitiko apo chirwere ichi chinodzoka uye mushure mokunge mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Meningococcal infection - zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zvemenicoccus zvinowirirana zvichienderana nechimiro. Zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika ndezvi:
- kukwirira kwepamusoro;
- mutsipa wakaoma;
- kunzwisisika kuedza (mune vamwe varwere - photophobia);
- severe headache;
- kurutsa;
- kukanganisa pfungwa.
Pachigarire chekutakura, zviratidzo zvekurwara kwemainococcal, sekutonga, hazvipo. Kana iwe ukapfuura kuongorora, uchawana mufananidzo wakajeka weacute current pharyngitis . Muzviitiko zvakanyanya, pneumonia inogona kukura, iyo yakazara nekukura kwe sepsis uye polyarthritis, iyo yakawanda inokanganisa masangano maduku munzvimbo yemaoko.
Meningococcal infection - incubation period
Kufanana nedzimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira, meningococcal zviratidzo hazviiti pakarepo. Nguva yekudzivirira inotangira kubva pa1 kusvika kumazuva gumi, asi kazhinji haina kunonoka kupfuura kwemazuva 3-5. Meningococcal infection ine ngozi nekukurumidza kukura. Kazhinji pakarepo mushure mekupera kwekudzivirira nguva, zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinotumidzwa, chirwere chemu murwere chinowedzera zvakanyanya, uye kana nguva yacho isingagoni kupiwa rubatsiro rwakakodzera, runogona kuguma mukuguma kwekufa.
Meningococcal nasopharyngitis - zviratidzo
Nechimiro chechirwere ichi, kupisa kunopararira kune nasopharynx - chikamu ichocho che pharynx chinowanikwa pamusoro pedenga rakaderera uye chinogona kuongororwa chete nekubatsirwa kweET mirror. Meningococcal nasopharyngitis inoratidza zviratidzo zvakadaro:
- headache;
- tambo mumutsipa;
- akadzikama;
- manyore kusangana ;
- kusununguka kubva mumhino (muzviitiko zvisingaiti);
- reddening of the posterior pharyngeal wall;
- hyperplasia ye lymphoid follicles.
Purulent meningitis - zviratidzo
Maningococcal utachiona mu purulent fomu inoratidzwa nekupinda kwepathogenic microorganisms muhope shoma yeuropi. Basa ravo rinotungamirira kune kuvhiringidza nzira. Purulent meningitis inopindirana nezviratidzo zvinotevera:
- intense headache;
- kukwirira kwepamusoro;
- nausea;
- kurutsa;
- chirwere chiri mukushanda kwemitsipa yakasimba;
- kuvhiringidzika kwekuziva;
- psychomotor agitation;
- hyperesthesia;
- kurasikirwa kunonzwika kwekunzwa;
- chills;
- hallucinations;
- kurasikirwa mupfungwa (kunyanya kusarura);
- hyperkinesis.
Meningococcemia - zviratidzo
Iyi ndiyo sepsis, iyo, sekutonga, inowanikwa nekutaura zviratidzo zve toxicosis. Meningococcal septic utachiona hunyoro, hunoenzanisa uye hwakaoma. Dambudziko rinowedzera zvakanyanya - kutarisa kwemurwere kunokwira kusvika kune 39-40 digri mumaminitsi mashomanana. Fever inosangana nezvimwe zviratidzo:
- pronounced weak;
- muscle pain;
- nyota;
- pallor;
- kupfupika kwemhepo;
- moyo palpitations;
- kuderedza ropa;
- yakaderera kuramba.
Chiratidzo che "chinoshamisa" chinowanzova kukurumidza kupararira kwemainningococcal. Inogona kuonekwa maawa mashomanana mushure mokutanga kwechirwere. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mavara acho anovhara maoko kumusoro uye pasi, tsoka, matope. Kurwisana ne-meningococcemia kune dense kusvika kumusana uye zvishoma zvinoputika pamusoro peganda. Mumatambudziko akaoma, inogona kupararira kune muviri wose. Pamugumo wekumhanya kwakadaro kunoshanduka kuva mahemorrhages akawandisa uye zvakanatsanangurwa kumativi, ayo anoonekwa akafanana necadaveric nzvimbo. Pamusoro pechitema "kuwana" kazhinji kacho.
Kuongororwa kwemainisococcal zvirwere
Kuongorora kukuru kunotanga nekuongororwa kwezviratidzo uye kuongorora kwezvinhu zvinogona kutungamirira kukundwa. Kuti uone maitiro echirwere chacho, unofanirwa kuongorora muviri wechirwere uye utungamirire mutsara wezvidzidzo. Chimwe chiitiko chinokosha chekuongororwa ndechekuongorora kwemazino evanhu. Kana munhu ane utachiona, zvirwere zvinotapukira zvinowanikwa muropa rake. Iwe unogona kuona meningococci nekubatsira kwe:
- ropa rega;
- PCR yeperebrospinal fluid neropa;
- kuongorora kweperebrospinal fluid ;
- Kudyara ropa;
- smear kubva mumhino.
Meningococcal infection - kurapwa
Pakutanga kwekutanga kuM MI, munhu anenge achida kupinda muchipatara uye nokukurumidza kutanga chirwere. Muchiziviso chekuita meningococcal utachiona, kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yeboka repenicillin inorayirwa mumatambudziko mazhinji. Aya antibacterial agents anofungidzirwa kuti anonyanya kushanda mukurwa ne causative agent wechirwere. Apo nasopharyngitis inowedzera kuverengerwa kushambidza mhino ne antiseptics uye vitamini therapy.
Meningococcal infection - prehospital treatment
Utachiona hwehutachiona hwemaminicocci hunoshandiswa nevanyanzvi mune imwe nzvimbo yepachipatara, asi kana murwere ane utachiona hwemamenococcal, rubatsiro rwekutanga runofanira kupiwa pakarepo. Nekutyisidzirwa kwenyika, antipyretic zvinodhaka zvinobudirira kubata. Kuti kubvisa kushamwaridzana kwakanyanya uye kukanganisa, sarudzo yeSibazone inogona kushandiswa.
Meningococcal infection - kliniki mazano
Kubudirira kuuraya meningococcal antibiotics, saka vanoshandiswa kurwisa utachiona. Kunyange zvazvo mishonga iri nguva dzose ichivandudzwa, Penicillin yakange iri nzira yekuparadzwa kwemainococcus nhamba 1 kwemakumi emakore akawanda. Pinda mumuti we 200-300 units / kg wehureji pazuva. Muzviitiko zvakawanda chikamu ichi chechirwere chinopatsanurwa kuva 5-6 kugamuchira. Penicillin inotarisirwa intramuscularly. Pamusoro pePenicillin, zvinobvira kuita chirwere:
- Ampicillin;
- Ceftriaxone ;
- Cefotaxime.
Dzira dzose dzinoverengerwa nechiremba aripo mumwe nomumwe, achifunga nezvemamiriro ehupenyu. Kana murwere aine kusawirirana ne beta-lactam antibacterial drugs, anogona kuchinjwa neCloramphenicol. Muyero wakaenzana unosiyana kubva ku80 kusvika ku100 mg / kg pazuva uye inofanira kugoverwa zvisati zvitanhatu. Kuti varwise kurwadza kwemazino, Meropenem dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa.
Kurwisana ne-meningococcemia kunobatsirwa necheti yezviitiko zvakadaro:
- detoxification;
- chimiro cheyero ye electrolyte;
- chirwere chechiratidzo;
- kururamiswa kwe-acid-base balance;
- kushandiswa kweglucocorticosteroids.
Kuchengetedza meningococcal utachiona
Kurwisana nechirwere ichi kwakaoma zvikuru, saka zvakanakisisa kuita zvose zvinogona kuidzivirira. Kuvhara kurwisa meningococcal utachiona ndiyo yakanakisisa yekudzivirira. Ichinobatsira kudzivirira kwete MI chete, asiwo zvose zvinokonzerwa nezvinetso, nokuti meningococcus inokonzera zvirwere, se:
- kuora mwoyo ;
- matsi;
- hemiparesis;
- hypertension;
- asthenia.
Mushonga wokurwisa meningococcal hutachiona hausi wekudzivirira chete chiyero:
- Kuti urege kutapukirwa, zvinoda kudzivirira nzvimbo dzekubatana kwevanhu vazhinji munguva yehosha.
- Muchikwata nemusika zvinodikanwa kuti uwedzere kusimbisa masimba emuviri nemavamini anokwana.
- Izvo zvinodiwa kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kune hypothermia zvakanyanya.
- Mushure mekusangana nemurume ane utachiona, pakarepo zvinodiwa kuitisa chirwere chekuchengetedza antibacterial uye kunwa antimeningococcal immunoglobulins.
Inoculation kubva ku meningococcal utachiona
Kusvika iye zvino, iyi ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuzvidzivirira kubva kune utachiona. Kune miviri miviri mikuru yezvirwere: polysaccharide uye conjugated, inosanganisira mapuroteni-vatakuri vechirwere. Polysaccharide vaccine kubva ku meningococcal utachiona inomutsa chikwata chema antibodies. Revaccination inotarisirwa makore ose matatu. Majojo akabatanidzwa anoita kuti kuve nekudzivirira mafungiro uye kuchengetedza utachiona huri pamakore gumi.
Muzvipatara zvipatara, zvirwere zvinokonzerwa maererano ne-meningococci A uye A + C zvinoshandiswa.Injection inotungamirirwa pasi pechirwere chepamusoro chetatu chemaoko kana munharaunda iri pasi pe scapula. Kusununguka kunotanga kukura kubva kubva pa5 kusvika pazuva rechigumi nemashure mushure mokujowa. Iwe unogona kuita injections panguva imwechete nedzimwe zvirwere, kunze kwekurwisa tuberculosis uye kupikisa yellow fever. Kupindirana kune chirwere chinorwisana ne meningococcus kune zvirwere zvakanyanya uye kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvisingaperi. Iyo jekiseni inodonhedzwa kana pane kuipa kwakagadzikana kumushonga unoitwa.