Kutenda muchishamiso chekufanotaura uye vanhu vanogona kutaura zvose pamusoro penyu (vanyengeri, vanoongorora nyeredzi, mapindeni) - ndeyekushaiwa kwevanhu vakawanda. Munhu ave achida kufarira mberi kwake: chii chaakaberekerwa, izvo zviito zvekare uye matarenda zvichamubatsira kuzviziva. Kutarisa shure kwechidzitiro chechakavanzika chemangwana chinotyisa.
Chii chinonzi Barnum effect?
Mapeji ekupedzisira ezvinyorwa zvakakurumbira zvizere nemashirasikopu, zviratidzo zvezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvezhiacac , huporofita, zvakasimba zvakasimba muhupenyu hwedu, kuti magazini kana pepanhau risina ivo inoita se "itsva." Miedzo yakasiyana-siyana, semhinduro yemhinduro, iyo munhu anoudzwa kuti anodzidza kunyatsovimbika pamusoro pake. Mhedzisiro yeBarnum ndiyo mafungiro evanhu, ane chokuita nekufarira kwake nemwoyo wose mune ramangwana rake, kutenda muzvokwadi uye kwakarurama kwezvinowanikwa, zvinorambidzwa.
The Barnum Effect in Psychology
Ross Stagner, nyanzvi yepfungwa dzekuAmerica, akava nehanya nechiitiko ichi uye akasarudza kuitisa kuedza. Akaronga kuzadza vashandi makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe vane mibvunzo yepfungwa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuunganidza chimiro chepfungwa chemunhu . Stagner akatora 13 kazhinji akawana mitsetse kubva kune dzimwe nyanzvi dzakakurumbira uye akanyora mifananidzo yake yega. Chigumisiro chacho chaishamisa: chikamu chetatu chevatori vechikamu chakaona kuvimbika kunoshamisa mukududzira, 40% - ichokwadi uye hapana mumwe wevashandi vehurumende akati kudondedzerwa se "zvachose kusina chokwadi".
The Barnum-Forer effect - mhedzisiro yehutsigiri hwekuzviisa pasi-ndeye chiitiko chezvemagariro evanhu-chinonzi mushure mekududzirwa kwakakurumbira, muchengeti wechikwata F. Barnum, uyo aifarira vateereri veAmerica vane marudzi akasiyana-siyana evanhu. Akarondedzera izwi rokuti Barnum effect - Paul E.Mil, muumbi weunyanzvi hwemhando dzakawanda (MMPI). F. Barnum aidavira kuti kune dzakawanda zvisiri nyore munyika, uye munhu wose anogona kupa chimwe chinhu. B. Mhedziso yakatora chiitiko ichi chichiedza.
Yakaedzwa kare
Bertram Forer muna 1948 akarayira boka revanhu kuti riite miedzo, uye ipapo experimenter yakavasunungura pavanenge vachigadzirisa mitsva, asi pakanga pasina kuiswa. Kune vanhu vatsva vasvika, Forer akagovera mhinduro imwechete ye tsanangudzo yemunhu, yakatorwa kubva mumagazini yezvinyorwa. Nzira yekufananidzira mberi munyaya ino yakashandiswa pane zvakakosha mune tsanangudzo. Nhamba ye 5 points yakanzi ichinyatsoenderana nekutsanangurwa kwemigumisiro yekuedza. Ivhareji yepakati pakati penyaya yacho yaiva 4.26.
Mashoko acho aiva nemitsara inenge inenge vanhu vose vopindura:
- "Iwe unoda chido chokuremekedza."
- "Dzimwe nguva iwe uri kugamuchira, dzimwe nguva hunochengeterwa."
- "Tarira semunhu akadzidziswa uye ane chivimbo."
- "Iwe unokwanisa zvikuru."
- "Dzimwe nguva iwe wakavharwa nekusava nechokwadi."
The Barnum Effect - mienzaniso
Vanhu vanoda kutsvaga mugumo wavo uye nokuda kweizvi vanoenda kune vanyengeri, vafumi vehupfumi. Kune vamwe, ndezvokuvaraidza chete, vamwe vanotya kutsika nhano pasina kuverenga horoscope. Chaizvoizvo, ava vari kuvhiringidza vanhu, avo ramangwana risina kujeka. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvekutenda muzvokwadi yezvitsanangudzo ndezve "kudiwa" kana "kukudzwa" kweyanyanzvi (nyanzvi, nyanzvi yemapfungwa). Mhedzisiro yeBarumum mune zvepfungwa ndeye muenzaniso wekuti inoshanda chete pane zvakafanotaurwa uye zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa nevanyanzvi munzvimbo dzakadai se:
- marudzi ose ekuuka;
- physiognomy;
- socionics;
- astrology;
- Kuongororwa neropa reboka, mavara emeso;
- numerology;
- psychology (maitiro anozivikanwa).
Barnum effect - horoscope
Mhedzisiro yeBarnum nyanzvi yekuongorora nyeredzi yakange ichishanda uye yakareba yakashandiswa kurondedzera zviratidzo zve zodiac. Kwemazuva ano - inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo tsika yezuva nezuva yekuita horoscope inoberekera iwe iwe uye vadiwa vako vane nyanzvi yekuongorora nyeredzi. Kukosha kwehupenyu hweHoroscope - kukwirira kwebasa / unhu hwemudzidzisi / mazita (mapuraneti muimba yechinomwe, nezvakadaro) - inowedzera huwandu hwekutenda kwevanhu mune imwe nyika inotarisana neHoroscope, iyo inowanzoita zviitiko zviri mairi uye inowanzoitika.
The Barnum Effect seChimbo cheUngano Hwevanhu
Mhedzisiro yeBarumum kana chiitiko chekudzivirira pasi pechipupuriro chinoratidza zvakazara zvachose, nekuvapo nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda. Nyanzvi dzepfungwa (R. Hyman, P. Mil, R. Stagner, R. Treveten, R. Petty naT. Brock) vakaongorora chiitiko ichi, vakanzwisisa humwe hunokosha hunotsigira hunoti:
- kazhinji, shoko risina kujeka;
- chiremera chemunhu anoita chirevo;
- kutendwa kwomunhu kuti kufanotaura "kwakasiyana, kwakagadzirirwa iye oga";
- kuenzanisa ma templates (maitiro chaiwo, mashandisi chaiwo);
- maitiro akanaka.