Panguva yekusikwa kwetafura ye periodic, germanium yakanga isati yasvinuka, asi Mendeleev akafanotaura kuti iripo. Uye makore gumi nemashure mushumo, chimera chisingazivikanwi chakawanikwa mune imwe yemigodhi yeFreiberg, muna 1886 chimwe chinhu chitsva chakaonekwa kubva pairi. Merit ndeyomuGermany wemakemikari Winkler, uyo akapa icho chezita zita renyika yake. Kunyangwe neine zvakawanda zvinobatsira zvinhu zve germanium, pakati payo paiva nenzvimbo uye nekurapa, yakashandiswa chete pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, uye haina kunyanya kushanda. Nokudaro, kunyange ikozvino hazvikwanisi kutaurwa kuti chinhu chacho chakanyatsogadziridzwa, asi zvimwe zvayo zvayo zvatove zvichiratidzwa uye zvakabudirira kushandiswa.
Kuporesa dzimba dze germanium
Mune chimiro chayo chakachena, chinhu chacho hachiitike, kugoverwa kwayo kunoshanda, saka pamukana wekutanga wakatsiviwa nezvinhu zvishoma. Pakutanga yakashandiswa mu diodes uye transistors, asi silicon yaive yakanakisisa uye yakabatikana, saka kuongorora kwemakemikari e germanium yakaramba. Ikozvino chikamu chema-thermoelectric alloys anoshandiswa mumagetsi ewa microwave, teknolojia ye infrared.
Mishonga yaifarirawo chimwe chinhu chitsva, asi chiitiko chakakosha chakawanikwa mumakore makumi manomwe ekupedzisira kwemazana emakore ekupedzisira. Nyanzvi dzeJapan dzakakwanisa kuwana hutano hwema germanium uye kurondedzera nzira dzekushanda kwavo. Mushure mokuedzwa kwezvipfuwo uye kuongororwa kwekliniki yezvinoitika kuvanhu, zvakawanikwa kuti chinhu chinokwanisa:
- kukurudzira utachiona ;
- kununura okisijeni kumasukisi;
- kurwisa nemakumbo;
- kuwedzera kuitisa kwemaitiro emutsipa.
Kuoma kunoshandiswa kwekushandisa ndiyo inonyadzisa ye germanium muhombe huru, saka mishonga yaidiwa iyo inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakanaka kune dzimwe nzira mumutumbi usina kukuvara kwakanyanya. Yokutanga yaiva "Germanium-132", iyo inobatsira kuvandudza hutachiona hwemunhu, inobatsira kudzivisa kushayikwa kweokisijeni kana pane dhi mu hemoglobin. Uyezve, kuongororwa kwakaratidza kuitika kwechikamu pane kugadzirwa kwee-interferons dzinoramba kuparadzana nokukurumidza (tumarara) masero. Kubatsirwa kunongoratidzwa chete kana kunotarisirwa mukati, kupfeka zvishongo ne germanium hakuzovi nemigumisiro.
Kushayikwa kwe germanium kunoderedza kukwanisa kwechimiro chemuviri kudzivisa kunze kwezvinhu zvinoita, izvo zvinotungamirira mukuputsa kwakasiyana-siyana. Nhamba inorayirwa zuva nezuva inokwana 0.8-1.5 mg. Iwe unogona kuwana chinhu chinodiwa nekugara uchishandisa mukaka, salmon, tomato juice , mushwa, garlic uye nyemba.