Akawana chirwere chetementia, chinokanganisa vakwegura kakawanda, chinonzi dementia (kubva muchiLatin "madness"). Ichi chirwere hachisi kuberekwa, asi chakawana. Pamberi pechirwere munhu anokwanisa kufunga nenzira yakarurama uye kushumira pachake, asi zvishoma nezvishoma anorasikirwa nemikana iyi.
Dementia - chii ichocho?
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kana dhementia yasvika, kuti iri chirwere chinokonzerwa nekuparara kweuropi. Vanhu vezera ripi neripi, kwete vakura chete, vari pasi pekuora mwoyo, uye nhamba yemhosva dziri kuramba ichikura. Kusiyana nezvimwe zvisina kukodzera, somuenzaniso, oligophrenia, chirwere ichi chinowanikwa uye hachirevi maldevelopment ye psyche. Dhementia chirwere chakakomba chebasa rekutya, semugumisiro uyo murwere anorasikirwa nawo unyanzvi uye ruzivo, uye haagoni kunzwisisa zvitsva. Kuparara kwemaitiro emagariro evanhu vane hutano kunoonekwa.
Dementia mu Psychology
Kakawanda, chirwere chinowedzera nekuda kwezvirwere (Parkinson, Pick, Alzheimer, etc.), kukuvara. Chirwere ichi chinowanikwa mu cerebral cortex uye chinogona kuva nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana maererano nekuoma uye nzira: munyoro, kuenzanisa uye zvakanyanya. Kana pane chirwere chinokonzera uye ichifambira mberi, dhementia pachayo inowedzera, chirwere chacho chinonyadzisa murwere. Murwere anorasikirwa nepfungwa dzakawanda, anorega kuziva nyika yakamupoteredza, uye kufarira muupenyu hunofa. Chirwere ichi chinoratidzira chimiro chakasiyana-siyana: mhemberero, kutaura, manyorerwo akavhuniwa, kuora mwoyo kunoonekwa.
Dementia - zvinokonzera
Ichi chirwere chinoitika semugumisiro wekugadzirisa kwehupombwe huropi hutachiona mushure mekutambudzika kana chimwe chechirwere (dzimwe nguva kakawanda panguva imwechete). Kukonzera kurwara kwake kune zvinopfuura 200 maitiro evanhu. Nehuwandu hwemaitiro eudementia, kushungurudzika mu cerebral cortex ndiyo nzira inotungamirira iyo chirwere. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kukundwa kwepakati yenheyo chirongwa ndechikonzero chechirwere ichi.
Zvinonyanya kukonzera kukonzera dementia ndezvi:
- Chirwere cheAlzheimer (kusvika kune 65% yezvose zvinokonzera);
- kuparara kwemakumbo kunokonzerwa ne atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, kupera simba uye ropa ropa;
- kudhakwa nekudhakwa kwezvinodhaka;
- Chirwere chePasinson;
- Pick's disease;
- craniocerebral trauma;
- endocrine zvirwere (zvinetso zvetachiona, Cushing's syndrome );
- zvirwere zvinodzivirira (multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus);
- hutachiona (AIDS, chronic meningitis, encephalitis, etc.);
- chirwere cheshuga mellitus;
- zvirwere zvakakomba zvenhengo dzomukati;
- mugumisiro wekubata kwe hemodialysis (kuchenesa ropa),
- ane renal yakaoma kana hepatic insufficiency.
Dhementia Zviratidzo
Kune zvikamu zvitatu zvechirwere ichi, saka mumwe nomumwe wavo ane zviratidzo zvaro pachavo:
- Chiratidzo chikuru chechirwere ichi ndechekufambira mberi chirwere chepfungwa. Zviratidzo zvakajeka zvehutano hwemweya zvinokanganisa kamwe kamwe, utsinye, kusava nehanya, kuzvidzora mumararamiro evanhu.
- Secondary signs of the syndrome: amnestic memory disorders, apo murwere anorega kuzvitora pachiratiro, anovhiringidza ruoko rworudyi uye rworuboshwe nezvimwewo.
- Pachigumo chekupedzisira, mutauro unotanga kuwedzera, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvinomera zvekudya uye zvinoparadza.
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwechirwere ichi, zviratidzo zvayo uye mhinduro yemurwere zvinoratidzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana:
- Nekunetseka kwemwoyo, iye anotsoropodza chirwere chake uye anokwanisa kuzvitarisira iye pachake.
- Nekukuvadza kwakaringana, pane kuora kweuchenjeri uye kuoma mumamiriro emhuri.
- Kuora mwoyo kwakanyanya - chii ichocho? Icho chirwere chinomiririra kukanganisa kwakakwana kweunhu, kana munhu mukuru asingakwanisi kunyange kuzvimiririra kutarisira zvinodiwa uye kudya.
Nzira yekudzivirira sei chirwere chemangwana?
Senile dementia ndechimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nekuremara kune vakwegura. Pakukura kwechirwere hachiratidzi muhuduku, panguva iyo zviratidzo zvokutanga zvekuora mwoyo zvinogona kuonekwa zvakare mumakore 55-60. Kubvunza mubvunzo kuti ungadzivirira sei chirwere chemangara nguva refu zvisati zvaitika, unofanirwa kuisa muhupenyu hwako mitemo yakawanda uye maitiro anobatsira:
- kuramba kuroro uye kusvuta;
- chikafu chakakwana (kudya kwezuva rose kweuwandu hunodiwa hwevhithamini, kusabatwa kwekutsanya nekudya zvakakora);
- chiito chemuviri chaiyo;
- basa rehunyanzvi;
- rugare rwepfungwa (kurega kunetseka, kudzivisa kutsamwa);
- kudzivirira kushayikwa kwevhitamini D - kushayikwa mumuviri kunotungamirira kukurudzirwa kwechirwere cheAlzheimer uye kuora mwoyo kwekupedzisira.
Mhando dzekushaya mungozo
Kuratidzwa kwechirwere kunobva pane zvikamu zvakakanganiswa zvehuropi, zvirwere zvehutachiona, kuvapo kwekukonzera kana zvirwere zvakakosha, zera remurwere. Nekugara kwechirwere ichi, kuora mwoyo kunoparadzaniswa kuva marudzi mazhinji:
- Cortical , iyo inoumbwa apo cortex inokuvara. Inoparidzirwa kuva subtypes: frontal (frontal lobe) uye frontotemporal (kuparadza kwepamberi ye lobe).
- Subcortical or subcortical , umo ma subcortical structures akanganiswa.
- Cortical-subcortical (kune marudzi maviri ehutu anotsanangurwa pamusoro apa).
- Multifocal , apo uropi huine zvipembenene zvakawanda.
Senile dementia
Kushungurudzika kwehutano hwepakati-yehutano ihwo hutano hunoonekwa hune hutano hwevanhu vakura. Nokuda kwekushaiwa kwekudya, neuroni muuropi anofa, uye izvi zvinotungamirira kuchinja chisingachinji. Pakutanga kwechirwere, munhu angave asinganzwisisi, saka akabatwa nehutano hwehutano, kuti ichi chirwere chinogona kutungamirira pakuzadza zvakakwana. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere zvakaderedzwa zvakanyanya uye kuneta kunonoka. Zvimwe harbingers: kunonoka kwebasa reunyanzvi, matambudziko mumabasa ekutanga, mafungiro anochinja.
Kunwa doro
Hazvirevi kuti chirwere chacho chinokanganisa vanhu vakura. Nekureba - kubva pamakore gumi nemashanu - doro rinodhakwa, kudhakwa kwekudhakwa kunowanzoitika, zviratidzo zvaro ndezvi: kuora kwemagariro evanhu, kurasikirwa kwemitemo yetsika, kuderedza pfungwa dzepfungwa, kutadza kukanganisika kwepfungwa, kukanganwa kwepfungwa, kusagadzikana kwezvinhu zvemukati, kuchinja kwehutano muuropi. Kazhinji kusvibiswa kwehuhu ndihwo danho rekupedzisira mukukudzikisa kudhakwa. Kusvika kusvika 20 muzana yevarwere vose vakawana izvi kuongororwa semugumisiro wekudhakwa doro.
Ngozi ye ethyl doro ndeyekuti inokanganisa basa revadzidzisi vezvematongerwo enyika vane hutano. Kubva kudzvinyirira doro kunosangana nhengo dzomukati, masvingo emidziyo yeropa, uropi. Dhementia yemhando iyi inowanikwa mushure mekukuvara kwenguva yakareba neuron ne ethyl doro. Uye kazhinji kukura kwechirwere kunoonekwa muchitatu chechitatu chekuvimba, apo munhu anorasikirwa nehutano uye huwandu hwedhakwa.
Organic dementia
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwehutano hwepfungwa ndiko kukanganisa kwehupombwe nekuda kwekukuvara kweganiocerebral, kuvhuvhuta uye matambudziko. Zvirwere zveAIDS, AIDS, syphilis, nezvimwewo zvinogonawo kukurudzira kufambira mberi. Dambudziko rekushaya simba kwehupenyu chirwere chinogona kuva chakakwana kana marudzi ose ehutano hwekufunga (kufungisisa, kucherechedza, kurangarira, nezvimwewo) uye zvishoma (zvishoma) zvinotambura. Muchiitiko chechipiri, zvimwe zvikamu zvekugadzirisa zvinogadziriswa zvinokanganisa, pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwakakwana kwekufunga kwakanyanya uye zvehupenyu hwevanhu.
Schizophrenic Dementia
Zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwemweya zvinoratidza zviratidzo zvakananga Mu schizophrenia, chirwere chinoratidzika nekuderera kuduku kweuchenjeri, asi kuonekwa kwekusatenda, kusakosha, kuumbwa kwepfungwa uye epanoia. Nguva yekuwedzerera inotanga kupikisana nechemberi yevanodzvinyirirwa mupfungwa. Ipapo kushungurudzika munzvimbo kunotevera. Schizophrenic dementia ishayisa, iyo inorangarirwa isingashanduki kwenguva yakareba, asi hapana chinangwa. Maitiro omurwere anoonekwa seasingazivi uye asingabatsiri.
Nzira yekuita sei nevarwere vane chirwere chepfungwa?
Nechirwere ichi, chirevo chacho hachina chokwadi. Dambudziko guru rinowanzochinja muunhu uye maitiro. Uye mubvunzo mukuru unoshungurudza hama dzevarwere: nzira yekubatsira murwere ane dhementia. Iko kune mapurogiramu ehutano ehutano uye hutano hwehutano uye hwekuvandudza. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa uye kusiyanisa kuora mwoyo ikoko kwakadai semafambiro, kwete mararamiro. Zvakatipoteredza zvakakosha kutarisana nekubatana kwakanaka, nokuti zvinoenderana navo kuti murwere acharamba achitaura sei nenyika yekunze. Zvinokurudzirwa kutevera mazano akajeka pamusoro pemurwere:
- kunyatsoita mibvunzo, taura zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakajeka;
- Ipa mazano kana munhu wacho asingatendi, akakwanisa kumirira;
- tora kuti mutarisa afunge;
- kugovera zviito muketani yezviito zvishoma;
- kuti vataure nenzira yakanaka.
Nzira yekurapa sei chirwere chemangwana?
Kuti uwane mushonga unonyatsoshanda, zvinokosha kuti uongorore chirwere chetementia chirwere sezvichibvira, uye mazano ekurapa anoenderana nehutachiona. Hapana mazano akajeka pamusoro pokurapa kwemazuva ano, nokuti munhu mumwe nomumwe ari oga. Asi kutarisirwa kwakakodzera, kushandiswa kwekusimbisa zvinodhaka nemishonga zvinowedzera huropi, zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuenzana kwekunyadzisa uye kunyange kutorega zvachose kuora mwoyo. Nokurapa kwakakosha, kukanganisa kwekuziva kugona kunoshandiswa.
- Kuita kuti kuderedza zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinogona kunge zviripo kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwezvokudya uye regimen (somuenzaniso, mumamiriro ekudhakwa kwechirwere).
- Kudzivirira kufa kwemasero emagetsi uye kubvisa zviratidzo zvechirwere nemishonga. Nheyo yehutano inosanganisira mishonga yekuvandudza matanho emagetsi, normalizing ropa inopararira mumidziyo yeropa nemishonga inosimbisa neural connections muuropi.
- Varwere havadi chete mishonga, asiwo rubatsiro rwepfungwa. Psychosocial therapy, iyo inonyatsoita manzwiro omurwere uye inovandudza kukanganisa kwepfungwa panguva yekurwara, yakazviratidza zvakanaka. Zvibereko zvinobatsira pahuwandu hwemamiriro ehutano kusangana nevanodiwa, mhuka, mimhanzi therapy.