Basa racho rinosvika mune zvepfungwa kana chirevo chebasa ndechechikoro chitsva chakatangwa (1920-1930). Iyo inzira itsva zvachose yekudzidza kwepfungwa dzevanhu . Inobva pachikamu chinonzi "Chiitiko Chekuita".
Icho chinonyanya kukoshesa basa racho mune zvepfungwa
Vadzidzisi vebasa racho vanoona basa seimwe yemhando dzehupenyu hwehupenyu hwomunhu, izvo, kutanga, zvose zvinotarisirwa kugadzirisa kushanduka, cognition yezvinoitika zvakapoteredza. Nokudaro, inofungidzirwa kuti izvo zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa mumabasa:
- Kubvira pakuberekwa, munhu haana basa, rinowedzera nguva yose yekurera kwake , pamwe nekudzidziswa.
- Kuita chero basa ripi neripi romunhu anoita kuti aite zvinopfuura kumiganhu iyo inogadzirisa chizivo chake, kusimbisa zvose zvepamweya uye zvehupfumi, iyo, zvinoenderana, inobatsira pakuvandudzwa kwenhoroondo nekufambira mberi.
- Basa iri rinogutsa zvose zvido zvepanyama, uye tsika, nyota yezivo, nezvimwewo.
- Iine unhu hunobatsira. Saka, achishandura, munhu wacho anosika nzira itsva uye itsva, achibatsira kugutsa zvido zvake.
Muchirevo chebasa, inowanzotenda kuti ruzivo rwakabatana kusinganzwisisiki nemabasa evanhu. Ndicho chechipiri chinotanga chekutanga, asi kwete zvinyorwa. Saka, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa M. Basov akataura zvakananga maitiro, chizivo chakabatanidzwa mumagariro ayo. Mukufunga kwake, basa nderimwe nzira, maitiro akatsaurwa ayo asinganzwisisiki akabatanidzwa kuburikidza nebasa. Dambudziko guru rekuona nzira iyi Basov rakaona zvose kuumbwa uye kusimbiswa kwemabasa.
Nheyo dzebasa racho rinopinda mune zvepfungwa
S. Rubinshtein, mumwe wevadzidzisi veSoviet chikoro chekuita basa, achivimba nemafungiro efilosofi eMarx naVigotsky akanyora, vakagadzira musimboti wekutanga weiyi pfungwa. Inoti chete mumabasa, zvose zivo yemunhu nemapfungwa ake anoberekwa uye akaumbwa uye anoratidzwa mubasa racho. Mune mamwe mazwi, hapana chinangwa mukufungisisa, tichifunga nezvepfungwa inenge iri yoga. Rubinshtein aifunga zvisina kururama mune dzidziso dzevanodzidza (avo vakadzidzawo basa) kuti vanoisa mberi nzira yehupenyu kune iyo.
Basa racho rinosvika mune zvepfungwa dzeunhu
Vanotsigira nzira iyi vanopikisa kuti unhu hwomunhu mumwe nomumwe hunoratidzwa mubasa rechinangwa, ndiko kuti, mumaonero ake kunyika. Muhupenyu hwake hwose, munhu anotora chikamu mumabasa akasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehukama hwehukama hunosanganiswa kuburikidza nehupenyu huripo. Vamwe vavo vanova mazano muupenyu hwavo. Uyu ndiwo musoro wevanhu vose.
Nokudaro, maererano naA Leontiev, mune zvepfungwa, mune unhu-hutano hwekuita, chimiro chemunhu ndeye:
- ukama hwevanhu nenyika, izvo zvakasikwa nekugadzirisa kwezvinangwa zvemukati nemabasa;
- hukama hwakasiyana-siyana hunoonekwa kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwemabasa.
Shanduro-gadziriro yekuita mune zvepfungwa
Iyo ndiyo nheyo yemitemo, iyo yose yesayenzi yakawanda maitiro ekutsvakurudza, mazano. Chinonyanya kukosha chiri muchokwadi chokuti kuongorora kwehutsika hweunhu hunhu hunofanira kuitwa, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, urongwa hwemamiriro ezvinhu iyo iri panguva yekudzidza. Iyi nzira inocherechedza huzivi hweumwe neumwe sechimwe chinhu chezvinhu zvitatu zvakasiyana:
- zvirongwa zvezvisikwa zvipenyu;
- system of society;
- mu-system-history plan.