Altruism chinhu chinoshamisa chave chiripo kubvira kare kare. Iko nguva dzose maive nevanhu avo mufaro wemuvakidzani wakakosha kupfuura wake. Kuzvipira, mabasa asingafariri, mutsa, chido chekunzwira tsitsi nehanya nehuhu hunhu hunoita kuti munhu ashandise.
Altruism - chii ichocho?
Altruism izwi (rechiLatin kune "vamwe") iro rinoreva basa rekuzvidira kune vamwe vanoda rubatsiro kubva kuvanhu. Zvinotendwa kuti kutendeseka kwechokwadi hakubatanidzwi nekuwana rubatsiro, zvisinei kana chiito chekushandura chinorasikirwa nekukosha kwayo uye kukoshesa. Ndiani anongoronga - mubvunzo uyu wakapindurwa zvakanaka nemuzivi weRussia V. Soloviev: munhu munhu ari kubatana nevamwe vanhu mumitemo, anofarira mune zvavanoda uye mufaro. Mienzaniso yekutonga:
- donation;
- kuzvipira (kuchenesa nzvimbo, kuchenesa nzizi, kushanda kune vanoporesa, mumunda wezviitiko, mumagariro emhuka);
- marudzi akasiyana ekuratidza;
- mentoring;
- kuzvipira (kuponesa vamwe pamutengo wehupenyu hwehupenyu hwako).
Altruism in Psychology
Mufaro uye kubudirira, zvinodiwa uye kupona kwevamwe vanhu zvakakosha kudarika zvavo. Altruism in psychology ndeyemhando yehutsika kana kuti "kubatsira" iyo munhu ari munhu anozvipira uyo anozvidira kubatsira vamwe vanhu uye chikuru chekuendesa simba pano chiri chido chechokwadi chekugara zvakanaka kune vanhu vasingatarisiri mubairo wezvavanoita. Zvinokonzerwa nekutonga:
- Kunzwira tsitsi. Kunzwira tsitsi kwekutambudzika mupfungwa. Kugona kuzviisa panzvimbo yevanhu vanotambura.
- Iva nemanzwiro asina kufadza, ayo iwe unogona kubvisa kana iwe ukanyatsocherechedza kutambura kwevamwe uye tarisa kuvabatsira.
Altruism mu Philosophy
Altruism ingano yakatorwa nemuzivi wechiFrance O. Comte kusiyana ne egoism. Nheyo ye "kuraramira vamwe" yakawana kukura kwayo muzana remakore reXIX. mune musimboti wehuzivi hwetsika uye yakasanganisira zvinotevera zvinotevera:
- kugadziriswa kwezvido zvevanhu pane vamwe;
- kuzvidzora;
- zviito hazvifaniri kukanganisa kodzero uye zvido zvevanhu.
Muzana remakore rechi20. kuzvikudza sechiitiko chinodzokororwa zvakare nevazivi uye yakasimudzirwa kune rimwe boka re "kubatsira maitiro", zvichienderana nemitemo yekutarisira. Mafirosofi uye vanozvishanduka-shanduka vakabvumirana kuti kuzvipira mukuratidzwa kwakanyanyisa kunesimba uye kusarudzira chinhu chekushanduka nekugadzirwa kwevanhu mukurarama kwaro.
Altruism - zvinowedzera uye zvinotyisa
Altruism ndiyo hunodiwa kuvanhu uye nekushanduka kwePasi. Asi semhando ipi zvayo, pane zvose zvakanaka uye mumvuri mativi pano. Altruism inogona kuonekwa mumamiriro ezvinhu e "black and white". Kubata maitiro ekusazvipira uye kusina udyire:
- nyika inofadza uye inochengeteka;
- upenyu hwehana;
- manzwiro emufaro;
- pacification kubva kumabasa emabasa akanaka;
- kufambira mberi nekushanduka kwevanhu;
- kuziva kwevanhu kuchinja;
- kukosha kwehupenyu kunova pachena.
Kuda kwekuzvikudza:
- rugwaro rwakaipisisa mukuderera kwezvido zvomunhu, munhu akazvitsakatisa mumanzwiro ose;
- "Kusarudzwa pamusoro pedenga" - maitiro akanaka anotanga kuitwa kuitira kuti awane pfungwa yehukuru hwavo;
- dzimwe nguva, chiito chisingaiti chinopera nerufu.
Mhando dzekuchinja
Altruism, sechinhu chinoshamisa, inotakura mukati maro chido chevanhu kuti chibvumirane mukati maro uye kuedza "kutarisa maziso akadzama" munyika ino kuburikidza nekuratidzwa kwetsitsi, mutsa uye tsitsi dzimwe nguva zvinopa muzita rehupenyu hwevamwe. Asi kuratidzirwa muhupenyu hwega-kuchinja kwezvinhu kunotarisa kwakasiyana, ndicho chikonzero pakati pevadzidzisi kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekusava nehanya:
- Altruism, inobva pakunzwira tsitsi uye tsitsi, ihwo mutsa uye zvinokurudzira tsitsi. Rudzi urwu rwekuda kufanana hune hukama hwehukama hweukama uye muhukama nepedyo vanhu neshamwari. Pane chido chekubatsira kunze kwekunzwa rudo uye rudo.
- Tsika dzakanaka. Pakati pekubatanidza kwe "mukati mutsva" wemunhu hana uye maitiro ekutsika, zvichibva pakutenda kwemukati kuti izvi zvingaitwa nemunhu wese panzvimbo yawo. Chiyero chekururamisa kwezviito ndechokushaya mhosva uye rugare rwepfungwa.
- Kuzvipira ndiyo nzira yakanyanyisa yekuda, iyo ine zvinhu zviviri. Chinhu chakanaka - kunaka kwevanhu, panguva iyo kune chibayiro kune chimwe chinhu chinokosha kumunhu, dzimwe nguva hupenyu. Nekutsauka kwepfungwa, sekuzvivenga, ruzivo rwakadaro runogona kuratidzwa nechiratidzo chisina kunaka.
- Kunyoresa kuve nechisimba ndiko kuedza kwomunhu kuti awane kuenzanisa pakati pezvaanoda uye kwete kupesana nezvido zvevamwe. Zviito zvinokurudzira zvinonyatsofungwa. Izvo zvinonzwisisika ndezvekuti munhu haazoiti kune zvinokuvadza iye pachake nevanhu.
Altruist uye philanthropist - mutsauko
Pfungwa mbiri dzepedyo dzekuzvipira uye hupiro hwehupi ndezvenzvimbo yekutonga kunobva pakunzwira tsitsi, asi unhu hupenyu hunoenda mberi kune rubatsiro rwehama, uye hunofukidza munda mukuru nemabasa ake. Vafudzi vezvevanhu ndivo vanhu vanoronga sangano, ndivo avo vanozvichengeta ivo pachavo nekusarudza dzimwe niches ivo pachavo, somuenzaniso kudzivirirwa kwezvisikwa zvipenyu zvemhuka kana boka revanhu vasina kuchengetedzwa nevanhu. Izvo zvinoreva zvinoreva zvakakwana, kusanganisira pfungwa ye "philanthropist."
Altruism uye udyire
Izvo zvinopesana uye egoist zvinopikisa pfungwa, asi nezvose zvinoratidzika zvinopesana nemunhu mumwe, kuzvipira uye udyire zvakapindirwa. Iyo yegoridhe zvinoreva kushamwaridzana kwakanaka kwehuhu huno, zvisinei kuti hunoshanduka kuva chibayiro chakanyanya kana kuti egoism yakazara. Kazhinji izvi hazviiti nekuda kwekuda kwemukati, asi kupomerwa kwevamwe. Munhu anozvipira anogona kutendeuka kuva egoist kana mabasa ake akanaka akapiwa mhosva nevevanhu vanoona vavariro dzakavanzika mukuratidzwa kwekubatsira.