Basa rekushandira uye purogiramu yebasa ndizvo zvikonzero zvisingaperi zvekukakavadzana pakati pemushandi uye mushandi. Izvozvo hazvidi nguva dzose nzira dzokugadzirisa chirongwa chebasa, chinoshandisa mushandi. Uye kutsamwa kwevashandi kunowanzoruramiswa, nokuti zviyero izvi zvinopesana nemutemo.
Nzira dzekusimudzira kushandiswa kwebasa
Kune nzira mbiri dzekuita kuti chirongwa chebasa chiite: chirango nekukurudzirwa. MuBhuku reBashandi reUkraine, basa rekudzidzisa rinoratidzwa, asi mukuita izvozvi, kana rakapedzwa, kazhinji. Nokudaro, isu tichatangisisa zviyero zvekuvandudza uye kukurudzirwa kunoitwa nevanoshandira kune vashandi.
Mukuwedzera kune mitemo yakapiwa nemutemo, pane zvakakosha zvekushanda kwebasa pane imwe sangano. Vanonzi purogiramu yebasa uye vanogamuchirwa nevatungamiri vesangano vachifunga nezvemaonero emumiririri wevashandi (hurumende). Purogiramu yebasa reSangano inotanga:
- inotonga kubvuma uye kubviswa kwevashandi;
- mabasa uye kodzero dzevamwe mapato kusvondo yebasa;
- nzira yebasa uye kusara kwevashandi vebasa;
- Nzvimbo dzekushandisa matanho ekudzorera kana kukurudzira.
Uyewo, mushandi ane kodzero yekuzvimiririra pachake nzira yekukurudzira vashandi (mabhonasi, zviratidzo zvokuremekedza), asi chirango chinotungamirirwa neTC (KZoT) uye hapana zviitiko zvemukati zvinogona kuva nezvimwe zviyero zvemhosva, kunze kwemasangano enyika.
Chii chinopesana nebasa rekushanda?
Nokuda kwekuteerera chirango chebasa, mushandirwi haasi nguva dzose achifunga kuti zvakakosha kukurudzira mushandi, asi nekuputsa mutemo nguva dzose yakagadzirira kuisa chirango. Chii chichava chikonzero chekuisa chirango chechirango?
- Kuurayiwa nemushandi wezviito zvinorambidzwa zvakananga nemabasa echibvumirano, kontrakiti yebasa, nzvimbo yekuita.
- Kukundikana kwemushandi kutora matanho anonyatsorongedzerwa nemagwaro anotevera.
- Kuitwa nemushandi wezviito zvichibva mupfungwa yekuteerera kurangwa kwebasa, asi zvakananga nesangano rechibvumirano hazvibvumirwi. Semuenzaniso, nguva yekupedzisira, kusina kubasa pasina chikonzero chakanaka, kukundikana kuita maererano nemirairo yemutungamiriri, kuita mhirizhonga, nezvimwewo.
Mutoro wekuputsa kurangwa kwebasa
Kusachengetedza kwekushanda kwebasa kunosanganisira migumisiro yakaipa kumushandi. Zvose izvi zvinozivikanwa, asi havasi vazhinji vanoziva zviyero zvezvikwereti zvinopiwa nemutemo. Kazhinji vashandi vanoputsa kodzero dzevashandi, vachishandisa kwaari kuranga kunopesana nemutemo. Saka RF TC neBhuku reBashandi reUkraine rine hutano maererano nekurangwa kwekuputsa kurangwa kwebasa. Nhanho dzinotevera dzechirango dzichashandiswa:
- remark;
- tsiura;
- kubvisa.
Zvichipa kuoma kwemhosva, mubhadhari pachake ane kodzero yekusarudza chiyero chekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinoreva, kukanganisa kukuru kwebasa rekushanda, kubviswa kunogona kutevera pakarepo
Chirango chekuputsa chirango chebasa
Kakawanda, vashandi vanopinza chirango chakasimba chechirongwa chekambani, kuvharidzira vashandi kune chero kukanganisa kwebasa rekushanda. Miitiro yakadaro yekuunganidza haisi pamutemo, kana muDhipatimendi yeCroatia yeRussian Federation, kana muBhuku reBashandi reUkraine, pane zviratidzo zvekukwanisa kushandisa mari kune chirango chevashandi vasina hanya. Uyezve, mushandirwi haana kodzero yekupa mubayiro (kurega mushandi) wevashandi nokuda kwekutyora kurangwa kwebasa. Ichokwadi, kune mukana wekusiya mushandi pasina bhonasi, asi chete kana bhokisi rinotaura kuti bhonasi inobhadharwa kubudirira kwebasa kana pasina kurangwa kwechirango. Kana mune mupiro wemabhonasi zvakadaro hazviratidzi, saka "kuranga ruble" mushandi asina hanya haazoshandi.