Sangano revakadzi rakasimuka muzana remakore rechi18, uye rainyanya kushingaira kubva pakati pezana remakore rapfuura. Chikonzero chaicho chaiva kusagutsikana kwevakadzi vane chinzvimbo chavo, kukudzwa kwehutongi hwehutongi mumativi ese ehupenyu. Sezvo vakadzikadzi vakadaro - verengai munyaya ino.
Chii chinonzi "vakadzikadzi" chinorevei uye chii chiri kurwisana nacho?
Ivo vakazvipira pakuwana kuenzana kwehupfumi, zvematongerwe enyika, hutano uye kodzero dzevanhu zvevanhukadzi. Kana tikati ivo vakadzikadzi vakadaro vari mumashoko akajeka, ava ndivo vakadzi vanofarira kuenzana nevarume mumativi ose ehupenyu. Uye kunyange zvazvo zvido zvavo zvinonyanya kukoshesa kodzero dzevakadzi, vanotsigirawo rusununguko rwevarume, nokuti vanotenda kuti hukama hwevanhu hunovhiringidza kune zvepabonde zvakasimba. Kwenguva yekutanga, kuda kwekuenzana kwakasimudzwa munguva yeHondo yeIndamende muUnited States, uye wokutanga uyo akapa pachena mutauro waiva Abhigail Smith Adams. Gare gare, mapoka ezvemadzimai ezvematongerwo enyika, masangano ezvematongerwe enyika, uye mabhuku akadhindwa akatanga kuonekwa.
Zvisinei, nzira yechisimba chevakadzi yaiva mhinzwa uye yakatsvaga. Vakadzi kwenguva yakareba vakaramba kuvhota, vachidzivisa kuonekwa mumisangano yezvematongerwo enyika uye munzvimbo dzevanhu, uye mukati memadziro eimba ivo vakaramba vachizviisa pasi kumurume wavo. Sangano rakarongeka rakaonekwa muna 1848 uye sezvo rakarongeka rakave nemakore matatu ekufambira mberi:
- Mugumisiro wemabasa evakadzi vekutanga uye sangano rekutanga revakadzi rakange riri humwe huri nani huri huno huri huno huri nani hwevakadzi. Kunyanya, paramende yeChirungu yakabvumira kuti vasarudze mune sarudzo dzomunharaunda. Gare gare kodzero iyi yakapiwa kuAmerica. Vakadzi vanozivikanwa panguva iyo vanosanganisira Emmeline Pankhurst, Lucretia Mott.
- Rwendo rwechipiri rwakagara kusvika kuma1980. Uye kana iyo yekutanga inobata kodzero dzevasarudzo dzevakadzi, iyo yekupedzisira yakanyanyisa pamusoro pemhando dzose dzehutano nehutano hwevanhu. Mukuwedzera, vakadzi vakatsigira kubviswa kwechisarudzo saizvozvo. Vanozivikanwa varwi venguva iyo vanosanganisira Betty Friedan, Simone de Beauvoir.
- Mukutanga kwema1991, maronda echitatu echikadzi akasimuka muUnited States. Kodzero dzine chokuita nekuita zvepabonde dzakauya mberi. Vakadzi vakadanirwa kuti vasiye kusiyanisa hutano hwevakadzi pamwe chete nehutano uye hutsika uye kukoshesa zvepabonde sechidziro chekusunungurwa. Vakadzi vakakurumbira panguva iyoyo - Gloria Ansaldua, Audrey Ishe.
Kusika kwevakadzi
Ichi chikwata chave chakakosha zvikuru kune hukama, hutano, masayenzi echisikigo, hupenyu hwose hwevanhu sevanhu vose. Mazuva ano vakadzi vanoona zvepabonde kwete sechimiro chechisikigo, asi semuumbi wezvematongerwe enyika, iyo inobvumira kuchengetedza ukama hwemasimba pakati pemagariro evanhu. Nokudaro, vanhu vanoita zvekudzivirirana vanosimba kuti maitiro akadaro ekudzvinyirira sechisarura, zvepabonde, hutungamiri hwehurumende, hutungamiri hwehupfumi uye humwe huripo huri pakati pevanhu vose, vanotambudza hurumende dzose, kusimbisa nekusigirana.
Vagadziri vekodzero dzemadzimai vanotsoropodza mafungiro emazuva ano, sayenzi nemabhuku, kana zvakasikwa kubva pakuonekwa kwevanhu vane kodzero dzevanhu. Vanoshevedza kukurukurirana kwemarudzi akasiyana siyana nemhando yezivo yakagadzirwa nevanhu vanobva munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzevanhu. Zvechokwadi, kufamba uku kwaiva nemigumisiro yakaipa. Nhasi, vakadzi vane simba vanowanzoshamisika, pane kurwira kodzero dzavo. Vanozviratidza pachena muchiuno, vachigadzirira kupesana kwehurumende uye vanoita sevanoshushikana vasikana vasina hanya nechinhu chero chipi zvacho, asi kungozvidza. Kunzwa kuzara kwemikana yekuzarura, vamwe vakadzi vanotambura uye vanocherechedza kuti muzvinhu zvitsva zvinowedzera kuoma kuva mudzimai akanaka uye amai.