Chii chinonzi kubhadhara mutero kune mwana?
MuUkraine, zvakare, kune kubhadhara kwakafanana, kunyange kune rimwe zita- "kubhadhara mutero". Kubva muna 2017, yakagadzirirwa vabereki vose - zvose baba naamai, nzvimbo imwe chete yebasa. Zvichienderana nekukura kwemari uye mari yevana, inogona kuva 50%, 100% uye 150% yemari. Icho hapana chimiro chekutsvaga - mushandi anofanira kuisa chikumbiro chakakodzera chekubhadhara.
Chero ani zvake ari mubhadharo ari 13% anogona kudzorera imwe yemari iyi yakanga isina kudzivirirwa kana kuverenga mibairo. Kana chikwereti chechikwereti chakasiyana, kana munhu wacho asingakwanisi kubhadhara, kubvisa mutero kwevana hakusi kwaari. Mukuwedzera, mumwe munhu ane mari yepamwedzi inopfuura 350,000 haagoni kutora mukana wekucheka. Kuregera hakuiti kamwe chete uye kwevose. Mwedzi woga woga, mari inoshandiswa inoongororwa uye, kana ichiyambuka chidziro chakaiswa, iyi mari haigoni kuverengwa zvakare.
Tsvaga kuti kubhadhara mutero kune mwana zvakajeka - iwe uchada kushanda kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakwana kune yese yebato kana kutsvaga kutsanangurwa mumusangano wenyika yose - kune mienzaniso mizhinji yakafanana. Zvechokwadi, zvinhu zvose zviri nyore - pane mukana chaiwo wekuti zvishoma zvishoma uwedzere mari yemhuri yose, zvichibva kune duku "discount", nokuti mune chikamu mari yaunowana pamwedzi uyu haingabhadharwi.
Ndiani ane kodzero yokudhara mutero kumwana?
Vashandi vehurumende vanobhadhara vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti ndiani ari mutero wakabviswa vana, uye ndiani asingaiti. Usavimba zvikuru nechinangwa chekuverengera, icho chinosangana nekuverenga kwemahomwe - amai kana baba vanofanira kuzvitarisira ivo pachavo. Kunyange kana vanhu vakuru vasingashandisi panzvimbo yebasa pakarepo mushure mekusvika kwemunhu mutsva wemhuri kunyika, vanogona kuzviita chero nguva.
Chirevo chikuru kana chirevo chaitwa ndechizvarwa chevana. Kana iye asiri pamusoro pemakore 18-24, iwe unogona kutora nyasha yehurumende. Iyi misiyano muzera inokonzerwa nekudzidza. Muchiitiko apo mwana anyoresa fomu yenguva yakazara, iye akadaro kusvikira ava nemakore makumi maviri nemaviri. Izvi zvinosanganisira cadet zvezvikoro zvehondo. Mukana wakadaro unopiwa ne:
- Kuvabereki.
- Vabereki vanorera vana.
- Vatariri / vatariri.
Standard Child Tax Credit
Kutora mutero kwemari yekuchengetedza komwana kunogona kuva yepamusoro, kana kaviri. Muchiitiko chekutanga, vaviri vevabereki, vatariri, vabereki vanorera kana vatrusti vanowana kubhadhara mutero mumwe nomumwe kune vana kubva muhomwe yavo. Iko kaviri ndeyekusiyana. Inogona kuiswa:
- Apo mubereki (anogamuchirwa kana munhu wekuzvarwa) ndiye chete. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane chirevo chekufa kweumwe wavo, kusasipo kwake kwepakutanga mumagwaro (mumutsetse webaba) kana chidziro chekudzikinura kodzero kumwana.
- Kana zvipembenene kana zvechirwere mumhuri uye baba vane chikamu chimwechete chechikwereti che 13% uye zvino vanogona kuramba chibatsiro kuitira kuti muwani anogona kuifambisa muhupamhi hwemaviri.
- Vatariri nevatariri vanogona kungobudisa mutero wakakwana wokubvisa vana, asi kaviri hahuwaniki. MuRussian Federation, zvinoenderana nenhamba yevana. Kana mwana ari mumhuri ndiye mumwechete - mari shoma inotarisirwa, asi vana vakawanda, iyo yakakura kukura. Saka nyika mune imwe nzvimbo inofunga nezvemaitiro evanhu vari munyika.
Kutora mutero kwekuzvarwa kwomwana
Inotaridzika mumhuri duku, mwana anopa amai vake nababa kodzero yekupa mitero yemitero yebhadharo yemari yevana pamwana. Iyi nzira iri nyore - iwe unongoda kugadzirira magwaro anodiwa:
- kushanda kumushandi;
- makopi emabhuku ekubhadhara;
- munyaya iyo mubereki ari mumhuri chete, kusimbiswa kweizvi kunodiwa;
- pakuchengetedza nekuchengetedza mibvunzo inobvumirana inodiwa.
"Kubviswa kwevana" kunobhadharwa kusvikira pakupera kwaDecember kwegore iro, apo mwana akakura akambopembera vana vake vane makore gumi nemasere. Kana inogona kuwedzerwa kusvikira dzidzo yepamusoro inowanikwa. Mushure mezvo, iye atofunga kuti munhu mukuru, uyo, atora basa, atozvipira oga achibhadhara zvose zvinokonzerwa nehurumende yehurumende.
Child Tax Credit
Iwe unogona kuwana "kutengesa" kwete kungochengetedza ropa rako, asiwo zvekudzidza. Zvadaro anofanira kudzidza pane yunivhesiti inotarisira dhipatimendi uye kwete kuva nemakore makumi maviri nemashanu. Chikumbiro chekubhadhara mutero kumusana wemwana payunivhesiti inogona kutumirwa nekubata:
- chibvumirano neyunivhesiti;
- chirevo che 3-NDFL;
- Midzi yekubhadhara;
- Referi 2-NDFL.
Kubhadhara kwekudzidzisa kunogona kuwanikwa pasina kumirira kusvikira gore rekarani rapera, apo kubhadhara kwaitwa. Izvi zvakasarudzwa muna 2017. Kare, izvi zvakanga zvisingaiti. Mukuwedzera, hazvina basa kuti kubhadhare kubhadhara vana - mugore rokutanga rekudzidzisa kana yekupedzisira. Kana wakachengeta makadhi okubhadhara, unogona kuita izvi nguva dzose. Pakupera kwekurovedzwa, mubairo weiyo mvumo ichave yakakwirira kudarika kana iwe ukashandisa gore negore.
Vose vanobhadhara vachabva vanyatsoziva kuti zvinokwanisika kuderedza chikwereti chezvibereko kwete chete kwekudzidzira kwevana vavo, asiwo zvekudzidzisa kwavo, uye kunyange hama dzepedyo (hanzvadzi, hama). Nzira yekuregererwa munyaya ino ichave yakafanana, sekuvana vavo, zvisinei, maitiro ekuwana dzidzo, zvakare, inofanira kunge yakamira.
Kubviswa kwomutero kune mwana akaremara
Mushure mokuberekwa kwechecheche, iwe unokwanisa kubva pakarepo kutsvaga kubhadhara kwazviri, izvi zvinoshanda kwete chete kune vakaremara vana, asi kune vamwe vose. Kubviswa kwetero kwevabereki vevana vakaremara kuchava kazhinji kakawanda kupfuura yehutano hwakapiwa. Zvakakosha kufungisisa kurongeka kwekuberekwa kwevana mumhuri, kuitira kuti zvikanganiso zviri mumutemo hazviregi vatengi vemaripo zvavanenge vane-sevatongi vemagweta vane ruzivo. Chimwe chinyorwa - chinoiswa kumakore 18-24 uye chete yeboka reI-II.
Kubviswa kwemitero kwevana vana kurapwa
Muhupenyu, pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo mwana anoda kurapwa kwakadzama kana kunyange kuvhiyiwa. Apo mwana anenge atova kugadzirisa, ndiyo nguva yekuwana ruzivo rwakanyanya pamusoro pokuti ungawana sei kubhadhara mutero kumushonga wemwana. Vakuru vanogona kudzorera zvimwe zvemari yakashandiswa, zvichibva pane urongwa hwemishonga uye zvinoramba zvichiitwa. Kana chirwere chakapiwa murwere muduku chikabatanidzwa mumutsara wakagadzwa nehurumende yeRussian Federation, zvino, kana uchinge watora mashoko akadikanwa, unogona kushanda kune sangano rakakodzera pakuita kuderedza.
Mushure mokuverengwa kwave kuitwa, mari yacho ichaendeswa kunhoroondo yekugadzirisa yemunhu anenge ari mubhadharo wemutero wemari. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, nemutemo, kubhadhara uku hakugone kudarika 15 600. Zvisinei, kune rumwe rutivi rwemishonga ekurapa uye zvinodhaka izvo zvinoregererwa izvi hazvishandisi. Tsanangudzo inogona kuwanikwa pane imwe neimwe.
Kutengesa mutero paunotenga imba kune mwana
Pane chinhu chakadai sechibvumirano cheimba. Iyi inobhadhara mitero yevana vaduku, uye inogona kudzorerwa mushure mekutenga kweimba pamwechete nevabereki (mune zvikamu zvakasiyana zvegove), uye kana imba yacho yakatengwa kune muduku. Pano hatisi kutaura chete nezvevabereki vedu, asiwo nezvevamiririri, vatongi, vabereki vanorera. Mutemo pamusoro peizvi wakagadzirwa muna 2014, kupfuura zvaifarira vagari venyika.
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, kutenga pfuma yemwana wako kwave kwakajairika. Izvi zvinonzwisisika - mubereki wose anoda kumupa kugadzikana uye kumwe kuzvimiririra munguva yemberi. Somuenzaniso, tinogona kutora nyaya iyi mumitauro miviri:
- Petrov Ivan Ivanovich akatenga imba yeRubles 1800000 kumwana wake, uye akaibudisa muzita remwanakomana wake. Muchiitiko ichi, anokwanisa kutarisira kuderedzwa mumari yakaenzana nekukosha kweimba.
- Ndizvo Ivan Ivanovich akatenga imba ye1800000 rubles uye akazvigadzirira iye nemwanakomana wake mu ½ chikamu. Nokudaro, ane kodzero yekuregedza zvikamu zviviri kubva pamutero nemari yakashandiswa.
Nzira yekuwana sei kubhadhara mutero kune mwana?
Kuziva nzira yekuita kuti kubhadhara mutero kune mwana, zvichava nyore kuita. Zvichave zvakakodzera kuunganidza imwe mapepa emagwaro:
- pasipoti ine chifukidzo pamuchato kana kusina;
- chiremba chekuberekwa chevana vose vakaberekwa / vakagamuchirwa;
- kana zvichidikanwa, chikwangwani chinobva panzvimbo yekare yebasa kana yechipiri (kana uyo anenge achikumbira achishanda mumabasa maviri);
- shanduro;
- chisimbiso chekudzidziswa (gereji, mapurogiramu emitauro, zvikamu zvemitambo, mimhanzi yechikoro nevamwe, kusvika kumakore makumi maviri nemaviri).
Kana iyo sangano iri kuiswa pamagetsi (iyo inofanirwa kune vazhinji vagari), zvakakosha kuti zvinhu zvose zvive zvakagadzirirwa panguva ino, nokuti "kuunza" chero chipiro kana kusina kururama kusina kana kusavapo hakushande. Iwe unogona kushandisa mune nzira nhatu:
- Kuburikidza newebsite yezvematongerwo enyika.
- Zvakananga pamhizha.
- Achishandisa mutero.
Ko kubhadhara mutero kumwana kunorongwa sei?
Kuziva kuti ungaverenga sei kubhadhara mutero kune mwana, nekuita masvomhoti, iwe unogona kuverenga chikamu chipi chemari inogona kubhadhara kusabhadhara. Ngatitorei muenzaniso wakajeka - amai vangu vane vana vana 16, 13, 8 uye 5 wemakore. Miridzo yaro ndeye 60000. Amai vanopa zvinyorwa, maererano nevana vana vane kodzero yekuderedzwa mumutero wemari yavo: yekutanga maviri - 2 800 pamwe, uye yechitatu nechina-3000 pamwedzi. Totally 8800 leaves.
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mubairo weamai wemwedzi mina haupfuuri 350,000 Russian rubles. Saka, anokwanisa kunakidzwa nerubatsiro rwemagariro evanhu. Kuenzanisa kwemitero yega yega pamwedzi ndeyotevera: (60000 - 8800) * 13% = 6656. Amai vevana vana vachawana mari iyi: 60000 - 6656 = 53344. Kana kune babawo, ipapo panzvimbo yebasa vanogona kuwana mukana wekuteresa, asi mumwe , kana mubhadharo nemudzimai wake isiri iyo.
Nhamba yemitero inobviswa kumwana
Kuti unzwisise kuti iwe unogona kuwedzera sei mari yako yemhuri, zviri nyore. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti chii chakaiswa kuvana uye kana zvishoma kuti vafarire mutemo nokuda kwezvakanaka zvavo. Zvisinei, gore rimwe nerimwe, mabhiriji matsva anogamuchirwa munharaunda ino uye musi waJanuary 1 wegore roga roga munhu anogona kutarisira kuchinja. Mari yacho inobva mukuraira kwekuberekwa kwavo, somuenzaniso, kana vana vaviri vachipiwa mutero wekutora nehurumende uye ipapo, kana mwana ari mumwe chete, asi ane hurema - iyi ndiyo yakasiyana yemari.
- kumwana 1 - 1400;
- musi wechipiri - 1400;
- pane chechitatu uye zvose zvinotevera - 3000;
- pane chisina kumira kune vanotora nevabereki - 12000, uye kuvatiti nevatrasti 6000.
Kupa mubayiro kwevana vatatu, pakati pavo hakuna munhu ane hurema uye vose vane hutano hwakanaka, huchave huwandu kupfuura apo mumwe wavo ane boka. Zvakakosha kufungisisa chokwadi chokuti mumitero chete yekutanga neyechipiri mapoka ekuremara inorehwa, uye chechitatu haisi. Kana vana vakwegura vari mumhuri vakura kwenguva refu, ivo vachiri kuonekwa sevana, kunyange kana mutero wavo usina kubhadharwa, uye vana vose vanotevera vachaonekwa sevasati vatanga, asi zvinotevera.
Mitero haisi nyaya iri nyore, kunyanya kuvanhu. Vakawanda veavo, vachishanda zviri pamutemo, vanobhadhara mari yakasiyana-siyana panguva imwe chete, ita maererano neyero template - kwete kunyatsoziva. Asi vanhu vadziki vehupenyu hwavo pachavo. Saka, zvishoma nezvishoma vakawedzera mitemo yavo yekuverenga nekunyora, zvinonyatsoita kuti kuve nekuvandudza zvishoma mamiriro emari emhuri. Hazvifanirwe kufungidzirwa kuti iyi ihumwe rudzi rwechipo kubva kuhurumende. Kuti uite izvi, iwe haufaniri kushandura kune uori hwemutemo, nokuti hunobvumirana pahutano hwepamutemo.