Mucheche wechikadzi ndiyo nhengo inokosha yekubereka. Iko kuberekwa kwehupenyu hutsva, kubudirira nekusimudza kwe fetus. Chiberekero, pamwe chete nemafungiro ezvinyorwa, zvinoumba zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotungamirira basa reimwe nhengo uye zvirongwa zvemuviri, zvinosarura hupenyu hwakakwana hwomukadzi.
Chibereko chacho chakaitwa sei?
Icho chimiro chemukati chechibereko chechikadzi chakasiyana. Nekutanga kwemakore ekuyaruka, muviri unotarisana nekuchinja kwemwedzi. Maererano nehutano hwechirevo chake, nhengo yacho ine mitatu yezviviri:
- Iyo yakakwirira yepamusoro ndiyo inoperera. Inofukidza nhengo kubva kunze, ichidzivirira kuti isakuvara.
- Pakati pepakati ndiyo myometrium. Iyo inomiririrwa nemisungo yemisumbu uye inogadzirisa fiber, iyo yakanyanyisa zvakasimba. Iyi pfuma inotsanangura kuvepo kwekuti nhengo yebonde inowedzera zvakanyanya muhukuru munguva yekubata. Physiologists inotaura kuti myometrium fibers ndiyo yakasimba mumudzimai wevakadzi nemisumbu inogona kukwanisa kutakura mitoro inorema.
- Ichomukati mhemberero inonzi endometrial (functional). Nenzira iyi pacheche iyi inotora chikamu chakakura pakuberekwa - inoiswa mukati maro uye mazai ech fetal inowedzera mairi. Kana mimba isingaitike, masero endometrial anotanga kufa uye anosiya chibereko chechibereko pamwe nekuenda kumwedzi.
Ndekupi chizvaro chemukadzi?
Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti nhengo dzekuberekwa dzevakadzi, chibereko, kunyanya, vane kufamba. Zvichipa izvi, maitiro emuviri anogona kuchinja zvishoma uye anobva pane imwe nzvimbo yeupenyu (kubereka, pamuviri). Kazhinji chibereko chinowanikwa mumakona emakona maduku, pakati peiyo rectum uye chidimbu. Inenge yakanyungudutswa mberi, uye kumativi ose maviri pamativi ayo inotsigira miviri inodzivirira nhengo kuti irege kuderedzwa, ichipa hupenyu hwechikamu.
Kutenda kumagadzirirwo emagetsi, chibereko chechikadzi chinokwanisa kuchinja zvishoma nzvimbo yacho. Saka, nechirwere chizere, chimiro chinotsauka, uye kana rectum ichizadzwa, enda mberi. Kushandurwa kwakakosha munzvimbo yechibereko kunowanikwa apo mwana mucheche anoberekwa. Kukura kwemukomana hakusi kungowedzera kuwedzera kwomuviri wechipfu, asiwo kunokonzera kuti iende mberi kwechikamu chedu duku.
Chibereko chacho chinoratidzika sei?
Sekunge taongorora muchidimbu chimiro chechibereko mukati mevakadzi, chinofanira kuonekwa kuti nhengo yacho pachayo inotaridzika sepeari yakakanganiswa. Muchimiro chemuviri ndiyo tsika yekupa:
- pasi;
- muviri;
- mutsipa.
Pasi pane chikamu chepamusoro chenhengo, convex, iri pamusoro pemutsetse wekusangana mukati mechiberekero chet falpipian tubes. Mumuviri une maitiro akafanana, ndiwo ari pakati nepakati penhengo. Chikamu chezasi chechibereko - mutsipa - inoparadzaniswa kuita zvikamu zviviri: chikamu chechikadzi - chinopinda mukati memadzimai echikadzi, uye chipra-vaginal - chikamu chepamusoro chiri pamusoro pemudzimai wecavity. Panzvimbo yekushandurwa kwemuviri mumutsipa kune chinonzi constriction, iyo inonzi isthmus. Nhengo yemadzimai ine chikamu mumugero wechibereki.
Mabasa emuviri
Basa guru rechibereko chinobereka. Muviri uyu unoramba uchibatanidzwa nehutano hwekuberekwa. Pachine mariri, chimiro chiduku chinokura kubva kumabonde maviri emagetsi. Mukuwedzera, pane zvimwe zvimwe zvinoshanda izvo chibereko chinoita:
- Kudzivirira. Nhengo iyo inopinganidza kupararira kwezvinyorwa zvepathogenic, mavairasi kubva kumadzimai kusvika kumapendi.
- Kuchenesa - mwedzi nemwedzi, pamwe chete nekuzvidzivirira kwemazuva ose kwemugodhi wemushonga wemukati, chirwere chekuita nekuenda kumwedzi.
- Kubatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwehutano - ndiko kushamwaridzana nenzira ye spermatozoa kubva kumadzimai echikadzi kusvika kune fallopian tube.
- Inobatanidzwa mukugadziriswa.
- Inosimbisa pasi pechipfini pamwe chete nemagetsi ayo.
Uterus yemukadzi - zviyero
Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti piramu yakadaro seyakakura yechibereko chechikadzi ine hutano hunokosha hwekuongorora. Saka, kuwedzera huwandu hwemuviri, chiremba anogona kuita mafungiro okutanga pamusoro pekurwara kana pamuviri atove pakutanga kwekuongorora, pasina kushandisa zvishandiso. Hukuru hwechibereko hunogona kusiyana uye hunoenderana nezvimwe zvikonzero:
- kuvapo kwezvirwere uye zvirwere zvekuberekwa;
- kuvapo kwepamuviri uye kubereka;
- iyo nguva yemukadzi.
Chimiro chechimiro chechibereko chemukadzi asingasviki
Kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvechibereko, kuiswa kwehukuru hwemuviri kunoitwa uchishandisa ultrasound. Iyi nzira yemagetsi inobatsira kunyatsoronga kushandurwa kwemugariro munhengo, kugadzirisa nzvimbo chaiyo yenzvimbo yayo. Kukura kwechibereko chinowanzoitika kune mukadzi asina vana, zvinotevera:
- kureba - 7-8 cm;
- iyo yakareba upamhi ndeye 5 cm;
- kurema - anenge 50 g.
Kuyera kwechibereki pamatanho akasiyana ekudzivirira
Kuberekwa kwakaoma uye yakareba nzira, inofambidzana nekukura uye kukura kwe fetus. Kunyanya kuwedzera ukuru hwevana remangwana uye kunokonzera kukura kwechibereko, iyo yakawanda. Muchiitiko ichi, kushanduka kwemasimba muhutano hwemasvingo echirongwa kunoonekwa: kwete kungoita chete asi huwandu hwehutachiona hunoitika. Muchiitiko ichi, chibereko chechikadzi chinowedzera nguva yose yepamuviri.
Mumavhiki ekutanga ekugadzirisa muviri, chirwere chepabonde chinoramba chichiita mapepa akafanana, hachisi kuchinja hukuru hwayo, sezvo embryo ichiri duku. Zvisinei, mumwedzi wechipiri nhengo inowana maitiro akakomberedza, uye ukuru hwechibereko panguva yekuzvitakura kwakawedzerwa kakawanda panguva ino. Uwandu hwechiberekero pachahwo hunowedzera, uye pakupera kwegore rekuita kwegore rinosvika anenge 1 kg! Pose paanoongororwa nemukadzi ane pamuviri, chiremba anoisa kukwirira kwehumi hwe uterine fundus. Kushandurwa kwemukati wemasvondo emavhiki ekudzivirira kunoratidzwa mu tafura iri pasi apa.
Kuyera kwechibereko mushure mekuberekwa
Mushure mokuberekwa, chibereko chechikadzi chinotanga kupera zvishoma nezvishoma. Iyo inoderera muhukuru, kukosha kwayo kunoderera. Izvi zvinotora mavhareji emavhiki matanhatu kusvika ku8. Iyo nzira iri kuenderera mberi nokukurumidza. Saka, pamagumo evhiki rokutanga, musi we6-7 wekuberekwa, chibereko chinorema anenge 500-600 g, uye kakatova musi wegumi mushure mekuonekwa kwecheche kuchiedza - 300-400 g.Kuva pakupedzisira kwevhiki rechitatu mutumbi unorema 200 in
Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti nzira yekushandura ine munhu mumwe munhu. Kuongorora hukuru hwechiberekero che ultrasound, chimiro chayo chinopiwa pasi apa, vanachiremba vanotora mhedziso maererano nekukurumidza kwekuwanazve kubereka. Kurondedzera zvikonzero munyaya ino vanachiremba vanoti:
- dhigirii ye uterine dilatation mukana ye polyhydramnios ;
- multiple pregnancies ;
- muviri weiyo fetus panguva yekuzvitakura.
Kukura kwechibereko mukati mekumera
Kusvikorora - nguva yekuguma kwekuenda kumwedzi, pamwe chete nekushanda uye kuchinja kwemuitiro mukati mechibereko. Iyo hormonal system inobereka hormone shomanana dzepabonde, nemhaka yekuti endometrium inoguma kubvaruka, masero matsva haasati atoumbwa. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukuderera kwehukuru uye hukuru hwechiremera chebonde. Izvi zvinosimbiswa nehukuru hwehutachiona hwe ultrasound.
Saka, mumakore mashanu okutanga kubva pakutanga kwemazuva ekupedzisira, maererano nekucherechedza kwevanyori, huwandu hwechibereko chechikadzi hunoderedzwa ne 35%. Muchiitiko ichi, ne 1-2 cm, hukuru hwayo huderera murefu uye hupamhi. Izvo kuderera kwehukuru hwechiremera chebonde kunoguma mushure memakore makumi maviri nemaviri kubva panguva yekutanga kwekumera (nemakore 70-80). Panguva ino nhengo ine urefu hwe 3-4 cm chete.
Zvirwere zvechibereko - ronga
Zvirwere zvechibereko mukati mevakadzi zvinogona kuitika chero ipi zvayo. Zvisinei, maererano nekucherechedza kwechiremba, kazhinji kukanganisa kwekuvandudza kwavo kunoshandiswa kwehutoni mumuviri. Izvi zvinotsigira huwandu hwakawanda hwekuvandudzwa kwehutachiona hwehutano hwekuberekwa munguva yekuyaruka, mushure mekusununguka uye panguva yekupera kwemwedzi. Kuwanda kwehutachiona hwechibereko chinoputira uye zvirwere zvinopararira mumutumbi wepabonde. Pakati pezvirwere zvinowanikwa mumuviri uyu zvinogona kuonekwa:
- Zvirwere zvinopisa: metritis, endometritis , adnexitis.
- Kurwara kwemutsipa weutterine: kudengenyeka , ectopia, dysplasia, kenza yemukomana.
- Mamiriro akaoma anobatana nechibereko: ectopic pamuviri , ovarian apoplexy, kubvisa pamuviri.
- Kumhanyira nzira: myoma, fibroma.
Congenital pathologies yechibereko
Zvirwere zvechibereko chinomuka pachigamba chekugadzirwa kweumumisiri yehutano hwekuberekwa, kuiswa kwezvikamu zvepabonde, kwakadanwa congenital. Pakati pezvirwere zvinowanzoitika zvechirwere ichi zvakakosha kuti uone zvinotevera:
- Chibereko chechiviri-chinokonzerwa semusana wekusabatanidza zvikamu zvezvivako zveMüllerian. Muchiitiko ichi, mhando dzinotevera dzehutano dzakasiyana:
- Chirafu - iyo nyaya apo bedzi pasi pemuviri zvakakamurwa.
- Chiberekero chisina kukwana kana chese chakazara - chimiro hachichinje kunze, asi, septum inowanikwa mumumvuri, zvishoma kana kuti zvakaparadzana zvachose.
- Mumwe akaparadzaniswa ane mitsipa wakafanana unoumbwa apo Müllerian fusions inopindirana munharaunda yekervical.
- Kushushikana kwechibereko - kwete chete muviri wechibereko chinokamurwa, asiwo mutsipa.
Zvirwere zvinotapukira zvechibereko
Zvirwere zvepachirwere zvinotapukira zvechibereko ndezvowakanyanya kufanana nehutano hwechirongwa ichi. Vanogona kusimuka pavanorambidza kusachengeta mitemo yehukama hwehukama. Kakawanda, kupararira kwemugadziri anotapukira kunoitika panguva yekuita zvepabonde, saka vakadzi vezera rekubereka vanowanzove vachitambura nezvirwere. Utano hunenge huri nguva dzose hunofambidzana nekushandura mu microflora, saka pane chimwe chezviratidzo zvinotendera kuti zione kutyora (itching, kupisa munzvimbo inotenderera, hyperemia). Pakati pezvirwere zvakanyanya kune vakadzi ndezvi:
- Candidiasis;
- gardnerellez ;
- chlamydia;
- ureaplasmosis;
- genital herpes ;
- utachiona hwepilloma.
Zvirwere zvepachikafu zvechibereko
Zvirwere zvechikadzi zvechibereko, zvichiendeswa nemitemo-yakafanana, inomira kunze kwezvirwere zvose zvekuberekwa. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, kushungurudza kwekukura kwavo kunogara kusingagadziri uye kuparadzanisa zvirwere, zvirwere zvehomoni. Kuoma kunzwisisika kwehutachiona uku ndiko kusavapo kwechiratidziro chemakiriniki akajeka, asingasviki, kuputika kwekupedzisira. Kazhinji, bundu racho rinowanikwa nekuongororwa kwakaongororwa. Pakati pezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nedumbu remuviri, zvinokosha kusiyanisa:
- myoma ;
- fibroma;
- kemetrial cancer ;
- polycystosis.
Kusiya kwechikadzi chikadzi
Nezera, hutachikadzi hwechikadzi, chibereko chinogona kuchinja nzvimbo yavo. Kazhinji kuvakadzi vakwegura, kune kuora kwechibereko chinokonzerwa nechirwere chegadziriro yezvirwere uye kuchinja kwehupenyu. Mune zviitiko zvakawanda, nhengo yacho inodzingwa pasi, kune chinangwa chemukadzi. Chirwere chacho chinopindirana nechiratidzo chakasiyana-siyana:
- kunzwa kunetseka;
- kusagadzikana mumupura;
- kurwadziwa mucheche pasi;
- kugumbuka kunyura (nokukurumidza, urinary incontinence).
Ngozi yehutachiona ndeyekugona kwezvinetso zvekupera kwechibereko kubva mumukadzi. Izvi zvinoda kurapwa kwekukurumidzira, saka kana iwe uine zviratidzo zvokutanga unoda kuona chiremba. Kurapa kunosanganisira kugadziriswa kwekuvhiya kwehutenderedzwa hwemagetsi emhando yepasi yepasi, kusunungura maronda emudzimai.
Kubviswa kwechibereko chechikadzi
Kubviswa kwechirongwa chokurera kunoendeswa navanachiremba se hysterectomy. Iyi nzira yakakura yekurapa inoshandiswa kune zvirwere izvo zvisingakwanise kurapa, kuvapo kwekuti kunogona kukanganisa hutano hwevakadzi. Sehuchapupu hwehutsvina, vanachiremba vanoona zvinokanganisa zvinotevera:
- uterine fibroids nehukuru hunopfuura mavhiki gumi nemaviri;
- fibromyoma;
- kukurumidza kukurumidza kwezvinyorwa zvitsva;
- zvinosvibisa mapuropa;
- carcinoma;
- necrosis of myoma nodes;
- kunyunyuta kwe oncology;
- kenza yemuviri kana chibereki.
Vakadzi vanogadzirira kushanda kwakadaro vanowanzofarira mubvunzo wezvinoitika kana mushure mokubviswa kwechibereko chinogona kuitika. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, varwere vakadaro vanoda nguva dzose kuchengetedza hormone replacement therapy. Nekushanda kwakakodzera, kutevera mitemo uye mirayiridzo yechiremba, migumisiro yakaipa mushure mekubviswa kwechiberekero kunoderedzwa.