Kuzokwanisa kuziva zviratidzo zvemainitisiti muvana vanofanira vabereki vose, sezvo dambudziko rekurwara rinenge ka10 munguva yakakwirira muhuduku. Kana mwana wacho asina kupa nguva yakakodzera rubatsiro rwezvechiremba, migumisiro inogona kuva inotyisa, kunyange kumigumisiro inouraya.
Causative agent of meningitis
Meningitis iboka rezvirwere umo kuputika kwemuviri wehuropi kana musipinha kunowanikwa. Kuvhiringidzika kwemafupa echepembenene kunonzi "leptomeningitis", zvikanda zvakasimba - pachymeningitis. Pamberi pekugadzirwa kwemakemikari nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mumazana ekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, kufa kwekutsvaga purulent meningitis muvana kwakange kune 90%. Kusvika ikozvino, munyika dzeWest Africa (iyo "meningitis belt" nzvimbo) kuputika kwechirwere ichi kunoitika nezviuru zvehutachiwana.
Meningitis isiri chirwere chakazvimiririra (primary meningitis) uye chimiro chepfungwa (secondary meningitis). Utachiona hunogona kuitika nemadonhwe emhepo, nemaoko asina tsvina, zvokudya, mvura. Kupinda muhutachiona hwemuviri kunogona uye kuburikidza nemaronda akazaruka, catheters yemhepo. Kazhinji, hutachiona ne causative agent ye meningitis inopesana nehutachiwana hwehutachiona huripo kana kuti huripo huri huri huri huri huri hutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutano - cerebral palsy, cysts muuropi.
Izvozvo zvinokonzera kukonzera meningitis ndezvekuti:
- virusi;
- mabhakitiriya;
- fungi;
- spirochaetes;
- malarial plasmodium uye toxoplasma .
Zvinokonzera meningitis muvana
Viral meningitis muvana yakawanda kupfuura dzimwe maitiro. Mavirusi ndiwo anokonzera meningitis:
- enteroviruses, kusanganisira Coxsackie ;
- mavirusi efivha, chicken pox, shingles;
- Arboviruses, kusanganisira encephalitis virus,
- virusi herpes ye1 st uye 2 nd types;
- mumps virus;
- cytomegalovirus .
Bhakterial meningitis muvana nevakuru inokonzera:
- meningococcus ;
- pneumococcus;
- staphylococcus aureus;
- Listeria (ane utachiona husina simba uye kune vakwegura);
- tubercle bacillus (inokonzera secondary meningitis);
- E. coli (chinowanzokonzera meningitis muzvitsva);
- Haemophilus influenzae .
Kubva mufungi kunokonzera meningitis muvana vanogona:
- cryptococci;
- Vadzidzi.
Spirochaetes inokonzera meningitis ndeiyi:
- tsvina treponema, zvichiita syphilis;
- Borrelia, inokonzera chirwere cheLyme;
- Leptospira.
Nzira yekuziva meningitis - zviratidzo zvevana
Kuziva kuti meningitis inokura sei kuvana, zvakakosha kudzidza zviratidzo zvikuru zvechirwere, izvo zvinosanganisira:
- high fever uye chills;
- headache;
- kurwadziwa mumisungo yemutsipa;
- kugona, kusaziva;
- kurutsa;
- photophobia;
- mutsipa wakaoma.
Zviratidzo zvevamwe maitiro e-meningitis muvana:
- kuputika paganda;
- kunetseka;
- kuzvidya mwoyo;
- kuwedzerwa kwekuwedzera;
- kukanganisika mupfungwa.
Nguva yekudzivirira nguva ye meningitis muvana
Kana chirwere chacho chiri chirwere chemazino mukati mevana, zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvinozviratidzira ivo nekukurumidza, asi kazhinji zvakafanana nekuratidzwa kweimwe zvirwere. Panguva iyi, dambudziko re meningitis rinoda kugara muchipatara, uye nokukurumidza izvi zvinenge zvichiitika, zvinonyanya kufanirwa zvichaitika. Nguva yekudzivirira nguva yechirwere ichi inobva pane zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira nyika yezvirwere zvemuviri, uye zvinogona kuenzana kubva pamazuva maviri kusvika kune gumi. Kutanga kwechirwere chacho kwakaoma.
Zviratidzo zvekutanga zve meningitis muvana
Chiratidzo chikuru che meningitis chiri musoro wemusoro, iyo inowanikwa kubva pamazuva okutanga echirwere ichi uye inoramba ichida kusvika. Kazhinji kemusoro inobatanidzwa nekurutsira "kubbling" pasina bundu, risingabatsiri murwere. Kunzvimbo yekurwadziwa kwakasiyana-kunyanya kakawanda muhuma kana mumutsipa, dzimwe nguva kurwadziwa kunopararira. Kuoma kwemarwadzo ekurwadziwa kunogona kusiyanisa, asi yakaipisisa ndeye kuora musoro mukati mumiviriri inonzi meningitis. Kubva paruzha uye chiedza, chirwere chinorwadza chinogara chichiwedzera.
Chiratidzo chekutanga chemainiritis mukati mevana muhuwandu hwemamiriro ehupfumi yakanyanya. Ne purulent meningitis, kutonhora kunokwira kune maitiro anokosha - 40-41ºС, ine serous meningitis nemamwe marudzi ehutachiona, kutonhora kunowedzerwa kuduku kududzwa, ne syphilitic meningitis kutonhora kunowanzoitika. Chills mu chirwere ichi chinoitika kana kutonhora kweganda kunoderera pamusana wekudzivirirwa kwemuviri - yakakosha iyi ine meningitis inogonawo kuva chiratidzo chokutanga chechirwere.
Rash ne meningitis muvana
Chimwe chiitiko chinokonzerwa ne meningitis chinowanikwa munenge chikamu chechina chezviitiko zvechirwere uye inenge nguva dzose chiratidzo chemainicoccal chirwere chacho. Nechirwere ichi, mabhakitiriya anokuvadza mudziyo wemadziro, uye maawa 14-20 mushure mokutanga kwechirwere, kupisa kwemvura kunokonzera (hemorrhage) kunooneka. Rash ne meningitis muvana - mifananidzo uye zviratidzo zvinoratidza:
- tsvuku kana tsvuku-violet ruvara;
- chisina kukodzera "stellate" chimiro, chido chekubatanidza mavara;
- paunenge uchiputika paganda rine rusvingo rwegirasi, kuputika hakuiti uye girazi rinoratidzika (iyi ndeimwe yenzira dzekuongorora);
- kunzvimbo-pamakumbo nemakumbo, kuonekwa kwekumhanya kwechiso chiri chiratidzo chakaipa zvikuru.
Meningeal syndromes
Kunyatsopindura mubvunzo wekuti ungaziva sei meningitis mumwana kunobatsira zviratidzo izvo zvinongoratidzwa chete zvechirwere ichi. Meningeal syndrome inosanganisira zviratidzo zvakadaro:
- Kuoma kwemitsipa yemutsipa. Paanoongorora chirwere chacho, chiremba anobvunza kuti aise mwana wacho mushure make, noruoko rumwe runyoro runomanikidza chifuva chake, uye rimwe-rinokomberedza musoro wake muchipfuva. Nemhaka yekusagadzikana kwemisungo, kufamba uku kunorwadzisa mwana.
- Reflex muscle tension. Iyi syndrome inogona kuonekwa mumwana anorara anotora uncharacteristic pose ye "jongwe rakabatanidzwa" - mutumbi unoputika, musoro unokandwa kumashure, maoko anotambanudzirwa kuenda kuchipfuva, makumbo - kumudumbu.
- Chiratidzo cheBrudzinsky. Kuongororwa munzvimbo yepamusoro pamushure - kana mwana achisimudza musoro wake, makumbo ake muhudyu nemabvi apfupa acharatidza kufungisisa. Nekukotama kwegumbo rimwe muhudyu nepamabvi mafupa, imwe ichave yakanyatsofungisisa.
- Kerning Symptom. Tarisa kurara kumusana - kana mwana akotama gumbo nemagetsi nemabvi, uye edza kugadzirisa mabvi pamwe chete - ichi chiito hachizoshandi.
- Chiratidzo cheLesage. Kana mwana wacho akasimudzirwa nokubata zviputi, makumbo ake achakwevedzwa kusvika mudumbu.
- Symptom Flatau. Nekusimudza zvakasimba musoro wemwana mberi kubva panzvimbo yakatarisa, mudzidzi achawedzera. Nenzira iyi, zviratidzo zve meningitis muvana zvinongororwa zvikuru mumucheche.
Chimiro chekuita meningitis ndechekuti:
- kukanganisa - nehutukutu hwechigunyu kana kuti nenzira yekudengenyeka kuduku;
- kugona (zvakaratidzwa mumakumi manomwe ematambudziko) - kunotanga nekuda kwekudzivirira kweuropi mabasa, pamwe - kune kuora mwoyo kwezvinhu zvinokosha uye murwere anoita dyspnea, kuderedza ropa;
- kushamwaridzana - kunogona kuonekwa panguva yokutanga kwechirwere, asi kazhinji - kunotanga musi wechina-5, zvichienderana nekunyangadza;
- kunyengedza, kukanganisa, kutya - zviratidzo zvepfungwa dzinosiyana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutachiona, kazhinji kunowedzera nekuwedzera kutonhora.
Meningitis - zviratidzo kune vana vari pasi pegore rimwe chete
Zvinenge zvisingaiti kuti uongorore meningitis muvana vari pasi pezviratidzo zveBrudzinsky, Kerning neLesage nokuti vane ruzivo rwetsika dzese, saka vanachiremba vanofungira kuti meningitis muvana vari pasi pezera remakore vanovatarisa pane zviratidzo zve Flautau. Mukuwedzera, vanachiremba vanotarisa fosaneri huru yevana vachangoberekwa - ne meningitis, inonyanya kunetseka, ichikurira. Chimwe chiratidzo chinoratidza meningitis mukati memwana wegore rokutanga rehupenyu inonzi hydrocephalic kuchema (kupopota kwakadzama pakati pekusaziva kana kuvhiringidzika pfungwa). Mwana anorwara anogona:
- kuchema;
- dedera;
- Kurara kukuru;
- ganda rake rinoputika;
- pamusoro pane zvakajeka kuti setochka inopisa.
Meningitis muvana - kuongororwa
Kugadziriswa kwakaoma kwemainititis kunosanganisira kuongorora, laboratori uye zvidzidzo zvechigadzirwa, kuongorora kwepfungwa. Munguva yemubvunzo, chiremba anoona zvirwere zviripo kana zvichichangobva kuendeswa, zvakasiyana-siyana zvichiratidza kuvapo kwezvirwere zvakadaro sechirwere chetachiona, rheumatism, syphilis. Zvakakosha kuzivisa chiremba kana mwana achangobva kuine chirwere ichi, otitis media, sinusitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis, akabatwa nekuvhiya, akakuvadzwa, akaenda kune imwe nyika, akagamuchira mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana mishonga inorapwa.
Kuongororwa neurologic kunobvumira kuzarura unhu hunoita zviratidzo zve meningitis muvana. Kutanga, chiremba anoongorora zviratidzo zveBrudzinsky, Kerning, Lesage, Flatau, inotarisa, kana kune kuoma kwemisimba. Mukuwedzera, kusuruvara uye kunzwisisika kunoongororwa - zvinowedzera ne meningitis. Icho chinomanikidzwa kuti chiremba aite ruongorudzo rwemitsipa yakaoma, iyo inokuvadza panguva yekumwa.
Kutsvakurudza kwechigadzirwa chekuona kwezviratidzo zvemainitisitis muvana kunosanganisira electroencephalogram uye computed tomography. Nhamba yezviongorori zvebhroatori inosanganisira kuongorora uye kuongorora kwehupenyu hwepanyama, PCR kana testx latex, cerebrospinal puncture, kuongorora kweperebrospinal fluid. Mhando dze meningitis pane chirwere chepodhologie cheperebrospinal fluid:
- serous meningitis muvana - nhamba ye lymphocytes mu cerebrospinal fluid yakawedzera, membrane yeuropi inoputika;
- purulent meningitis muvana - mu cerebrospinal fluid yepamusoro zvakanyanya zveeutrophils, yakakura mapuroteni, zvigadzirwa zvepfungwa - purulent, yakagadzirwa.
Meningitis mumwana - kurapwa
Kana chidzidzo ichi chakazivisa zviratidzo zvemainiritis mukati mevana, murwere anopiwa kurapwa nokukurumidza muchipatara. Kubvira pakuzvimiririra kurapwa kwe meningitis muvana kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakakomba yeutano, chiremba anokwanisa anofanira kupa mishonga. Meningitis therapy inosanganisira kurapa inotarisirwa ku:
- kuparadzwa kwebhakitiriya, utachiona kana humwe hutachiona;
- kubvisa cerebral edema uye kuwedzera kusagadzikana kwechisimba;
- kubviswa kwezvimwe zviratidzo zvechirwere - kudzorerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura, kuderedzwa kwekushisa, kurwadziwa nekugumburwa, kubviswa kweokisijeni nenzara.
Migumisiro ye meningitis muvana
Migumisiro yakaipa ye meningitis mukusabatwa kwehutano hwakakwana inogona kuva nengozi. Vana vanogona kuva nemafungiro epfungwa, kuongorora, matauriro, kuora mwoyo, hydrocephalus, kushungurudzika kweropa, pamwe nematambudziko akakomba akaita sekushaya mitezo kana paresis, matsi, upofu, kuora mwoyo. Kazhinji mushure mokunge meningitis yapera, mwana ane misoro uye anowedzera kusagadzikana, kushandiswa kwepfungwa uye kwepfungwa kunonoka, kushungurudzika, ptosis (eyelid kuora mwoyo), asymmetry yechiso inogona kukura.
Kuchengetedza meningitis muvana
Matanho ekudzivisa kupisa meningitis akaparadzaniswa kuva mapoka maviri - chaiwo uye asingasviki. Chikamu chokutanga chinosanganisira kupora:
- Maningococcal vaccine - inoculation against meningitis kuvana vegumi 10-12 inopa kudzivirirwa kune dzimwe nhamba dzezvirwere zvepathogenic, zvakare inokurudzirwa kune vanhu vanoshanyira dzimwe nyika, vadzidzi, vanotora.
- Mushonga kubva kuHaemophilus influenzae B unopiwa kuvana vane makore maviri kusvika ku5.
- Pneumococcal vaccine - kune marudzi maviri: kune vana pasi pemakore maviri uye kune vakwegura.
- Zvirwere zvichirwisana nemasikisi, mawere, chickenpox, maserosi rubella anoitwa kuti kuderedza dambudziko remenisitis mukati mezvirwere izvi.
Kusachengetedzwa kwepabonde kwemaningitis kunosanganisira:
- kusimbisa kudzivirira;
- kutevera mitemo yehutsanana;
- chimiro chekudya;
- kuderedza hutachiwana hutachiwana munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa;
- kudzivirirwa pakurwisa zvipembenene zvinogona kutakura utachiona;
- kushambidza mumasimba emvura akaonekwa;
- kupora panguva yakakodzera paunenge uchienda kune zororo;
- kurapwa panguva yakakwana uye yakakwana yezvirwere uye zvirwere zvehutachiona.