The Kiev river Pochayna yakavanza zvakavanzika zvekubhabhatidzwa kwaRus, izvo hakuna munhu anoyeuka kwenguva yakareba ...
Munhoroondo yevanhu vakawanda vekare, munhu anogona kuwana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvechisikigo, akarasika pamapu uye munguva. Imwe yeiyi ndiyo yaKeich river Pochayna - yekutonga kwakanaka kweDnieper, iyo, maererano nezvakanyorwa kare, kubhabhatidzwa kwaRus kwakaitika. Iripo muchokwadi, yakabviswa pamamapa uye kurangarira kwevanhu, asi yakasimuka zvakare.
History of Pochaina
Mabhuku echechi anotaura kuti muDnieper, Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich muna 988, akabata chiitiko chekutanga chekubhabhatidzwa kwevagari veKiev. Munhu wese anoziva kuti nguva chaiyo iyi ndiyo yekutanga yeOrthodoxy munharaunda yeKivan Rus, asi vashomanana vanhu vanofarira kuziva. Nzvimbo chaiyo ye sacramente yaive iyo Pochayna kana Smorodina, sezvo inonzi mune dzimwe nzvimbo. PaMutambo weEpiphany, mushure mokunge vatendeuka kuva chiKristu munzvimbo idzi, Kubwinya kutsvene kwemvura kwakarongeka, kusati kwasvika mutungamiri wechitendero gore negore. Izvi zvinoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvekare zvekare uye kunyange mabhuku ezvinyorwa zveSoviet panguva apo vanyori vezvakaitika kare vemazuva ano vakanganwa chokwadi ichi.
Kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo yekubhabhatidzwa kwaibatsira pane zvose zvemaonero. Chokutanga, rwizi rwaireva kuti vanhu vekare veKiei vakawanda kupfuura Dnieper pachake. Chechipiri, vazhinji vehuwandu uye hurumende yekugadzirisa kweguta iri kumhenderekedzo. Uye chechitatu, iyo yakakosha, chikonzero chekubhabhatidzwa muPochayna yaiva mabanki asingatauri eDnieper neminzwa yeminzwa, kuti asvike kuburikidza nezvisina munhu aida.
Kubhabhatidzwa kwaive sei?
Mune ma-pre-Orthodox epic uye nhau dzepano, Pochayna akakwanisawo kusiya chiratidzo. Yaifungidzirwa sechifananidzi chekare cheGreek Styx, iyo vakafa vakaendeswa kunyika inotevera. Chakanga chiri mairi chikararama nyoka Gorynych nemisoro mitatu uye gumi nemiswe miviri, iyo iyo heroes Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich naIya Muromets vakataura. Pano, usati wabhabhatidza, chifananidzo cheVeles - chigaro chechigaro chezvipfuwo, vatengesi uye vanoita zvemashiripiti, yechipiri pashure pePeun kukosha mumatongerwo evanamwari, rakaparadzwa. Chimwe uchapupu, kusimbisa basa rePochayna mukugamuchirwa kweOrthodoxy: muna 1975 vanochera matongo vakawana pano muouki mutsvene wePerun neVeles, uyo wakashanda senzvimbo yekunamata.
Mushure mokuparadzwa kwetemberi dzevanamwari vekare, Prince Vladimir akadana vanhu kuti vazobhabhatidzwa ndokudzokera kuChechi yeConstantinople. Panguva yemhemberero vose vaitora mhemberero vakapiwa munyengetero:
"Mwari mukuru, akasika denga nenyika! Tarisa kune vanhu vatsva, uye uvape, Ishe, kwamuri, Mwari wechokwadi, sezvandakakuisai kunyika yechiKristu, uye musimbise rutendo mavari zvakarurama uye zvisingaverengeki, uye ndibatsirei, Ishe, ndichirwisana nemudzivisi, uye ndichitarisira iwe nesimba rako, Tizai zvirongwa zvake! "
Kusagona kutsanangurwa mano etsvene
Zvinoshamisa kuti, sezvo kutenda kwevanhu mune zvinangwa zvechitendero chavakagamuchira chakanga chisina simba, rwizi rakatanga kutama kubva kwavari. Pakutanga "akavanza" mhepo yake: vanyori vezvakaitika kare vose vakapatsanurwa kuva mapoka maviri, vachikakavadzana kana ari muJordanian kana Kirillovsky lake. Kuongororwa kwezvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvezvakaitika kare zvemazana emakore akapfuura hazvipi pachena: rwizi se "rwakanyangarika" kubva pakuonekwa kwevanhu kwemakumi emakore. Mukufamba kwenguva, kunyange boka rezvenhau dzakaitika kare, rakavimba ne "kuzvimiririra" kwaPochayny kubva kuDnieper, rakabuda.
Mumwe mushanduri uye mutsvakurudzi wenhoroondo yeRwizi rwekare Annabel Morina anotenda kuti vanyori venhau dzakaitika vakakwanisa kusvika pakubvumirana:
"Mahombekombe makuru emvura akabuda kubva kumhenderekedzo kubva kumadokero, uye kwete kubva kumabvazuva, uko Dnieper inopera. Iyi nhoroondo yeRwizi Voditsa, inofunga kuti ndiyo yekutanga yekutonga kwePochayna. Icho Chiri Musungo, Linnet, Chicken Brod, Zapadinka, Siri. Nenzira, pamepu ye1695 yakagadzirirwa naLieutenant-Colonel Ushakov pakukumbira kwaPetro I, inoonekwa kuti Siria inopinda sei muGungwa reDolgoe (Kirillovskoe), iyo Pochayna yakanga yakabatana nayo. Munharaunda yemuganhu weKhreshchatyk wepanyama, munharaunda yemutsetse weMagdeburg mutemo, unogona kuona pikaradziro yechirangaridzo nemashoko ayo muna 988 Rus aibhabhatidzwa mumusangano weDnieper nePochaina mafungu. "
Uye gare gare Pochayna uye zvachose yakaita sokuti inoda kuparara kubva mumaziso evanhu. Kunyangwe muzana remakore rechina reXIX yakange iri dziva guru, rakaparadzana kubva kuDnieper long oblique. Kamwe pane imwe nguva iri kumusoro kwayo yaiva igungwa guru rekare, iro rakanyatsofambiswa nekubatsirwa kwegwenga. Yekupedzisira yakadaro yakachera muna 1712 kuti iite kuti zvikepe zvive nechokumahombekombe.
Kubvira pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, apo kutenda kwevanhu mumasimba akakwirira kwakawa, Pochayna yakatanga kuva yakaoma zvikuru. Kuvakwa kweNorthern Railway Ring kwakatanga, kubvisa rwizi runoshamisa kubva kumahombekombe. Muma70s, matavi akasara omurwizi akatanga kurara, pasinei nekupikisa kwevagari vemo. Kubva parwizi kwaive neLake Opechen chete - uye zvakare, nokuda kwedambudziko rakachengetwa. Pochayna "yakasiyiwa" pasi pevhu, ikava gadziriro yemakungwa munzvimbo dzepasi pevhu, iyo inoyerera rwizi duku pedyo neMoscow Avenue. Vanhu vakazogumbusa rwizi rukuru, vachichipa chigaro che "technic reservoirs."
Makore anoverengeka adarika, vashandi veKiev vakatanga kuomerera kuti pakanga pasina Pochayny zvakare. Annabelle akaunganidza vashandi kuti vadzivise nzira iri pedyo nerwizi rwuripo. Vazvipiri vakaita kuti Pochayny apinde muzvinyorwa uye mapepa, pamwe chete nekudzivirira kubva pakuparadzwa. Annabel anotaura nezvechiito chake chakadai:
"Hatifaniri kuva chizvarwa chichazopedzisa iyi nhoroondo yerwizi."
Zviri pachena, mukuonga nokuda kweizvi rwizi rwakamukuratidza muna 2017 chishamiso chitsva, icho musikana wacho atanga ataurira mupepanhau kuti:
"PaMutambo wekubhabhatidzwa, usiku hwaJanuary 18-19, mvura yakange yakatsaurirwa murwizi Pochayna uye dziva reJorodhani, iro riri pamubhedha wayo wekare. Kwenguva yokutanga mumakumi emakumi emakore ekushivirira. Ndaivepo uye, zvechokwadi, ndakashambidzwa. Yaiva manzwiro anoshamisa, akasimba uye akajeka. Uye zuva rakatevera takaona kuti ikozvino kwakadzokera sei muPochayne ... Zvishamiso zviri pedyo, ivo vanongoda kuziva, uye nyika inokurumidza kuchinjwa. "