Maperembudzi kana maperembudzi ndeimwe yezvirwere zvakapfuura zvinotaurwa mumabhuku ekare. Nyika yepamusoro yezvakaitika yakawira pa XII - XIV mazana emakore.Zvino mumazuva iwayo varwere vane maperembudzi vakarambidzwa zvachose kwekodzero yehupenyu hwehupenyu munzanga. Funga kuti rudzi rwehutano chii, chii chinokonzera uye zviratidzo zvemaperembudzi, uye kuti zvinorapwa sei.
Kuparadzirwa, nzira dzekutengesa uye zvinokonzera kukonzera maperembudzi
Kusvika iye zvino, chirwere chacho chinonzi hachina chakanaka, uye chakapararira, kunyanya munyika dzinotyisa. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzeBrazil, India, Nepal, uye Africa hazvina kunaka mune izvi. Purojekiti inowanzosvibiswa nevanhu vane hurombo hwehupenyu hwehupenyu, pamwe nekutambura kwezvirwere izvo zvinoita kuti simba rezvirwere zvirwere zvirwere .
Chirwere chacho chinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya akaumbwa nemuranda kubva kumhuri ye mycobacteria, inonzi Hansen zvinyorwa (bacilli) - nezita rechiremba akazviwana. Izvi zvipukanana zvine zvinhu zvakafanana nehutachiona hwehutachivha, asi hazvikwanisi kubereka mune zvekudya zvemashoko. Somugumisiro, mabhiriyoni emaperembudzi haazviratidzi ivo pachavo kwenguva refu. Nguva yekudzivirira inogona kuva makore 3-5 kana kupfuura. Utachiona hunoparadzirwa kuburikidza nekubudiswa kubva mumuromo nemhuno, nevanowirirana uye vanowanzotaurirana nevarwere vasina kugamuchira kurapwa.
Zviratidzo zveMaperembudzi
Kune miviri miviri mikuru yemaperembudzi ane zviratidzo zvakasiyana. Ngatikurukurei mumwe nomumwe wavo zvakajeka.
Tuberculoid maperembudzi
Muchiitiko ichi, chirwere ichi chinokanganisa, mumusoro, purogiramu yenheyo yenheyo. Zviratidzo zvaro zvinotevera ndezvizvi:
- kuonekwa paganda rechitoro chepapopigmented nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye miganhu yayo inokura; iyo inharaunda yenzvimbo iyo atrophies uye kunyura, mukati mekutaridzika kwechigunwe, hapana makushe emvere uye mapfupa ezuru;
- kuwedzera kwemitsipa isina kuvhara zvipembenene (mitsipa inoshandiswa pedyo nenzvimbo yacho);
- muscle atrophy, inobatanidza nekukundwa kwemitsipa (kunyanya musimba wemaoko);
- chigadziro chekufamba muzvibatanidzo zvemaoko nemakumbo;
- kuitika kwehutachiona hwemaoko nemakumbo, izvo zvinotungamirira kuumbwa kweeurotrophic ulcers;
- necrotizing uye kurambwa kwe phalanges;
- kusakwanisika kwekuvharwa kwakakwana kwemaziso, izvo zvinotungamirira kuonekwa kwekeratitis, corneal ulcers (kana chiremera chendangara dzemaziso).
Lepromatous leprosy
Ichi chimiro chechirwere chinonyanya kuoma uye chinoratidzwa nekuratidzwa kwakadaro:
- chimiro chekudzivirira kumasana, nosebleeds , kunetseka kufema;
- kukundwa kwemakumbo emakumbo emarara, hoarseness;
- lymph nodes inowedzera uye axillary;
- kubuda kwemapundu makuru eganda nenzira yemavara, node kana mapuleti akapararira kumativi echekeri uye akabatanidzwa, konikiti (kanowanzo maziso anowira pameso, nzeve, makumbo, mabheti nemabvi);
- kurasikirwa kwemashizha;
- kukanganisa kwemaziso uye kukanganisa kwekutenderera kwemaziso nokuda kwekukura kwakasimba kweganda (kuumbwa kweinoti "shumba chiso");
- kuwedzera kwezeve lobes;
- manyore kusangana pamwe
kupera kweropa rinoputika uye cartilage deformation; - kubuda kwe keratitis, iridocyclitis mukupinda kwepabilandi yaHansen mumaziso;
- kuderera kwekunzwisisika kwepakati pezvikamu zvemakumbo.
Kurapa kwemaperembudzi
Ichi chirwere chinoda kurapwa kwenguva refu (makore 2-3 kana kupfuura) nekubatanidzwa kwevadzidzisi vakasiyana-siyana (neurologist, orthopedist, ophthalmologist, nezvimwewo). Kushandisa mishonga inodhaka kunobva pakudyiwa kwemishonga ye-sulfonic nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Varwere munguva yekurapa varwere vari mumasangano anokosha - leprosariums.