"Nyika inofanira kuziva masimba ayo!" - iyi shanduro inogona kushandiswa kudana mamwe mashoko pamusoro pe "bait", iyo, mumaonero evanhu vazhinji, kungoitawo muitiro wekugadza uye kuberekwa kwehupenyu hutsva. Pashure pezvose, ivo, spermatozoa, vane heroes chaiwo. Hondo yavo yemamiriyoni akawanda yakagadzirira kufa kuitira kuti isangane nechinangwa chevarwi mumwe chete - musangano wakagamuchirwa neii ...
Spermatozoon idiki, mhando yevarume vemajena (gamete) yakagadzirwa mumakumbo eminiferous ye testicle ane urefu hwe 50-60 microni, basa guru rinofanira kuisa mazita evanhu mazai muzai nekukunda mukadzi wepabonde. Kuzadzika kwebasa iri kunokwanisika chete nekuda kweshoko rakananga, asi rakaoma kunzwisisa yehuta.
Sezvinoratidzwa nemufananidzo wekugadzirwa kwe spermatozoon mumufananidzo uri pasi apa, pasinei nekusiyana kwemamwe masero mumuviri, sarudzo yemunhu inonzi spermatozoon inofanirwa uye inosanganisira zvivako zvemasero semusoro, mutsi, muviri nemuswe (flagellum).
Mhuka inosvitsa murume, iyo, inosanganisira kamuti kakakura kadiki ye haploid ine se 23 chromosomes, iyo, mushure mekubatana neii, kuumba zygote, inova muviri wechiploid nema chromosomes ekuberekwa uye vanababa pashure pokuenzaniswa nemamwe masero.
Pasi pemubhedha weplasma pamberi pemusoro, ichivhara hafu yekasi iri mu "form", an acrosome yehuta inowanikwa. Iine enzyme ye acrozine, iyo, kana ichibatana neii, inokwanisa kuputsa ganda rayo uye inobvumira chirume kuti chipinde kunze kwekuoma. Uye nokuda kwekudyarwa kweii, musoro chete nemukati wemuviri kubva kune chromosomal zvizvarwa zvinopinda mukati maro, dzimwe nhengo dzese dzedume dzinoramba dziri kunze.
Chikamu chepakati che spermatozoon chinomiririrwa nemutsipa nemuviri, mushure maro muswe - chikwata chekufamba kwemurume geteete. Kusvibisa mitochondria yepakatikati chikamu chinopinda cytoskeleton ye flagellum kubva kuma microtubules uye inokonzera simba rinodiwa kuti nyoka yayo ifambe mberi. Nhanho yekufamba kwesirumita inosvika 50 microns pamusi wechipiri kana kusvika ku 1.5 cm paminiti. Mhando yemafuta ekufambisa uku ndeye fructose, iyo iri mune chirume.
Mhando dzepermatozoa uye zvepabonde yemwana asati aberekwa
Kune mhando mbiri dzehuta dzinobata hutano hwemucheche: spermatozoa ine X-chromosome - gynospermia, pavanosangana neii, musikana anoberekwa, uye spermatozoa ane Y-chromosome - androspermia, ane mhosva yekuzvarwa kwomukomana. Izvo zvakasimbiswa nesayenzi kuti ikozvino pakuberekwa zvinokwanisika kutsanangura nehupamhi hwehutano hupombwe hwemwana huchauya. Saka, iyo inowedzera foni, asi ine nguva shoma shoma ye androspermia munguva yekuvhara nekukurumidza kupfuura chirwere che-X-spermatozoa chinonzi ovum, chinoita kuti mimba yemukomana iwedzere. Nokudaro, mimba yemusikana ichaitika kakawanda munguva yekushaya nguva yekuenda kumwedzi, sezvo gynospermia shoma shoma ine tarisiro yeupenyu hurefu.
Nhamba yavo yekukura spermatozoa inosvika kana inopedza mwedzi miviri mumatsetse uye hafu yemwedzi muzvikamu.
