Mune nhoroondo yemafungiro evanhu izwi rechibvumirano rine zvinoreva zvakawanda. Inoshandiswa munharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupenyu: pfungwa dzepfungwa, uzivi, chitendero, nezvimwewo. Pamwechete, iyi ndiyo dzidziso inoona zviviri zvakasiyana, kutanga kusina kufanana, zvinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi unalism?
Mupfungwa yakafara, kubatana kwepamusoro ndiko kuwirirana kwemitemo miviri yakasiyana, nyika , mavariro uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupenyu. Izwi rinotangira kubva muchiLatini shoko rokuti dualis - "vaviri", rakatanga kushandiswa muzana remakore rechi16 uye rakabatana nekushorwa kwechitendero chezvakanaka nezvakaipa. Satani naIshe, pamwe nemaonero ekuona nyika, vakaziviswa vakaenzana uye kusingaperi. Nheyo huru yekudengesa hakushandisi chete kuchitendero, inosanganisira kubvuma kuvapo kwezvinhu zviviri zvinopesana. Vane zvinhu zvinotevera:
- inyura kubva kune imwe nzvimbo;
- kupindirana;
- zvinokanganisa,
- Usachinja shanduko.
Kuwirirana muPfungwa
Kuwirirana mune uzivi ndechimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chinobva mumusoro wehuviri hwezvinhu zvose. Mukunzwisisa kwevanhu kana maererano nemitemo yepanyama, zvose zviri munyika zvinopesana. Philosophy ndiyo yekutanga yesayenzi yakaona "unhu" mune zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kuve kwechidzidzo ichi zvinogona kuonekwa sekutsanangurwa kwenyika mbiri dzePlato - chokwadi uye pfungwa. Vateereri vefungidzi vekare vainzi "zvinopesana":
- R. Descartes akanga ari mumwe wevateveri vakakurumbira zvikuru wepadecific position. Kuva iye akaparadzaniswa mukufunga nekuwedzerwa nyaya.
- Musayendisiti weGermany H. Wolf akatsanangura vanyori vevanhu sevanhu vachibvuma kuvapo kwezvinhu zviviri: zvinhu uye zvemweya.
- Muteveri wake M. Mendelssohn akadana chimiro chemuviri uye chemweya.
Kuwirirana mune zvechitendero
Chitendero chinotsanangurwa zvakajeka kuvapo kwemashoko maviri akaenzana, kuwedzera zvose. Mweya wakaipa unoramba uchikwikwidzana naMwari, uye ivo vakaenzana mune kodzero. Kutendeseka kwechitendero kunogona kuwanikwa mumachechi ekare uye zvitendero zvekare:
- Zoroastrianism yekare yePersia - chitendero chekusarudza kusarudza kusununguka;
- dzidziso yeChina yeYin neYang ;
- ChiKristu (kusangana kwaDhiyabhorosi uye Ishe);
- mamwe mahedheni aripo;
- ChiJudha nechivimbo chavo mumasangano emadhimoni;
- Maonero echiIslam enyika se "imba yaMwari" uye "imba yehondo", nezvimwewo.
Dualism - Psychology
Kwemazana emakore, sayenzi yepfungwa inofunga kubatana kwepfungwa yevanhu nemuviri wake. Nharo haigumi nhasi. Nokudaro, kudarika ndeyekugara mune zvepfungwa. Dzidziso inovakirwa pakurwisana kwekuziva uye uropi, huripo huri pachena, uye hwakasiyana nemoni - pfungwa yekubatana kwemweya nemuviri. Descartes 'nharo yezvinhu zviviri zvakaenzana zvakakonzera chidzidzo chepfungwa dzepfungwa dzakagadziriswa uye kufambisa kwepfungwa sezvesayenzi yakazvimirira.
Dualism - Socionics
Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, muSwitzerland chepfungwa chepfungwa Carl Jung akabudisa pfungwa ye "maitiro epfungwa" muchipfungwa. Izvi ndizvo zvinoshandiswa nemunhu mumwechete, izvo, zvichienderana nehuhu hunhu, hunopinda mumunhu. Jung's personality is that every individual, especially creative, is a duality-the synthesis of paradoxical properties, but the following features-function run according to nature:
- kufunga;
- kunzwa;
- kunzwa;
- intuition.
Mune dzidziso dzepfungwa dzepfungwa, mazano e "unhu" anotsanangurwa nenzira inofadza, uye pfungwa yehupenyu hwemhando dzakabva kwavari dzinonzi hukama hwevanhu. Nesayenzi ikozvino inofunga pfungwa ye "hukama hwehukama", umo vose vaviri vari vatakuri vevamwe vanobatanidza unhu hweunhu. Izvi zvinogona kuroorana, ushamwari uye dzimwe hukama. Imwe yevamwe inofanana nepfungwa inobatana kune imwe, ukama hwavo hwakanaka.
Kuwirirana - "nokuda" uye "kupikisana"
Kungofanana nedzidziso ipi neipi, kubatana kune vateveri nevashori vasingagamuchiri uye vanoramba dzidziso iyi, kunyanya kubva pakuonekwa kwevanhu. Mukuzvidzivirira kunopiwa pfungwa pamusoro pemweya, uyo, shure kwekufa kwemuviri, unosangana nezvinhu zvose munyika. Uyewo, nharo dzinofadza dzidziso idzi dzinogona kunge dzisingabvumirwi nezvimwe zvinhu uye zvinhu zvinongorondedzerwa zvinongorondedzerwa nemafungiro ezvisikwa zvepfungwa dzevanhu. Kugutsikana kwehupirisita kunoruramiswa neizvi:
- Kunyoresa mubvunzo wakabvunzwa uye kutonga pamusoro pemweya nemuviri. Vafumi vanotenda chete pane zvavanoona.
- Kusina tsanangudzo uye uchapupu.
- Kutya kuzvidzora kwepfungwa mupfungwa mubasa reropi.
Kuti unzwisise nyika, ndeyekuita kuti uve nemahofisi akasiyana-siyana, kunyange akaenzana zvakatarisana. Asi kuonekwa kwehumwe hwezvinhu zvimwe zviri muzvinhu zvose zvinonzwisisika. Nhengo mbiri dzechimiro chimwechete - zvakanaka uye zvakaipa, murume nemukadzi, pfungwa uye nyaya, chiedza uye rima - zvikamu zvezvose. Havana kupikisa, asi kupesana uye kubatsirana.