Mumakumi mashoma makumi emakore adarika, nhamba yematambudziko apo kuongororwa kwe "kenza yemahara" kwakaonekwa kazhinji. Muchiitiko ichi chekutenda, kuumbwa kwemapapupa kubva ku integumentary epithelium uye gonchial glands, ane unhu hwakashata.
Bronchial Cancer - Zvinokonzera
Kune rumwe rutivi rwezvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kukura kwehupenyu hwehutano mubronchi.
- Zvirwere zvinosvibisa zvinoumbwa panguva yekuvandudzwa kwezvishonga zvine utano. Chikonzero nei izvi zvichiitika vanachiremba vasina kuwana tsanangudzo chaiyo.
- Chirwere mubronchi chinogona kukura nekuda kwekusvuta , sezvo nicotine inogona kukuvadza mucosa mumhepo. Mukuwedzera, kutonhora kunovhiringidza nzira yekuparadzanisa masero, iyo inotungamirira mukukurumidza kukura kweeoplasm.
- Shanda mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, somuenzaniso, mumigodhi, pane imwe michina yemakemikari kana pane zvigetsi zvekushandisa nyukliya.
- Kuvapo kwezvirwere zvisingaperi, mavanga pamapapu mushure mekurapwa kwechirwere nezvimwewo.
Marudzi ebronchus cancer
Kune miviri miviri mikuru yemakumbo anobuda mubronchi:
- Mamiriro acho ezvinhu, apo mapaoplasms anongotarisa chete chikamu uye chikamu chezvikamu, anoratidza kenza yakakosha yebronchi. Muchiitiko ichi, tumarara inokura nokukurumidza mukati memuviri.
- Kenza yepachiviri yebronchi yevakadzi nevarume inofambidzana neoplasia ye distal zvikamu zvepurogiramu yokufema. Urwu urwere hwechirwere kwenguva yakareba hunotadza.
Squamous cell carcinoma yebronchi
Epidermal cancer inonyanya kufanana uye nayo iyo yakagadzirirwa inoumbwa kubva kumakamuri mashoma akaputika ari mumhepo kana polar. Chirwere chinogona kuva chechidiki chekusiyanisa, kana kana pasina keratinini. Squamous cell carcinoma yebronchus ine hutachiona hwakakosha uye kazhinji huwandu hwehuwandu hwemagetsi hunovhiringidza uye huripo hupenyu hushoma.
Small cell carcinoma yebronchi
Rudzi rwusingafambidzwi rwekenza, umo maitiro anowedzera kupera, uye mumatambudziko akawanda chirwere chinotanga zvakananga mumapapu. Inosanganisira masero mashoma, asina zviratidzo zve multilayer epithelium. Ivo vari muchimiro chegamba kana nzira. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kenza inobata zvishoma inobatanidza mastases, uye inopararira zvakanyanya kune zviduku zvakapoteredza.
Chimiro chechirwere chacho chinenge 20-25% yezvose zvinorwara uye zvinosangana zvakananga nekusvuta. Zvakakosha kufungidzira kushungurudzwa kwakanyanya kwekenza yakadaro yebronchi, sezvo chiremara chinosangana nematunhu akare, semuenzaniso, mazamu, mauropi uye mapfupa. Kuipa kwemaitiro hakugoni kushandiswa, saka, chemotherapy uye remishonga inonzi radiation inoshandiswa mukurapa.
Large cell carcinoma
Mune chimiro ichi, kuumbwa kunoumba masero makuru. Kune mhando mbiri dzekenza: pamwe nekubudiswa kwemukasi uye nemisango yakazadzwa neasypical masero. Girafu cell carcinoma chirwere chinoratidzika kakawanda, uye izvi ndezvekunaka, sezvo chiitiko chinouraya chinowanikwa mumatanho ekutanga. Oncologists anocherechedza kuti kuumbwa kworudzi urwu kunobata kusagadzikana kusvuta uye kwenguva yakawanda kudengirira mishonga.
Bronchial adenocarcinoma
Ironic cell cell carcinoma inoratidzika nechitarisiko chechirwere chine chimiro chakaumbwa zvakanaka. Icho chinhu chakasiyana nekugadzirwa kwemascus. Chirwere chinowanikwa munharaunda yepakati pemapapu, uye mumatanho ekutanga zviratidzo hazvionekwi. Bronchial adenocarcinoma inogadzirisa muuropi. Kana uchitarisa tumarara mumatanho ekutanga, inogona kubviswa nekuita basa.
Kanzira yebronchi - zviratidzo
Pakarepo zvakakodzera kutaura kuti kukura kwemarara kunotora kwenguva yakareba, naizvozvo, kusvikira pakutanga zviratidzo zvakatemwa kubva pakutanga kwechirwere, kwete gore rimwe rinopfuura. Kuwana kuti kenza yebronchi inoratidzika sei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti maererano nekliniki zviratidzo izvi zvinotevera zvakasiyana:
- Biological. Pakutanga danho rekutanga, hapana kliniki uye zviratidzo zvehutachiona. Paanoita fluorography, munhu anogona kuona kuchinja mumapurmari.
- Asymptomatic. Iko kuve kwekutanga kwezviratidzo zvekutanga, izvo zvakagadzirirwa panguva ye X-ray.
- Nhanho yemakiriniki zviratidzo. Murwere anocherechedza zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana uye chirwere chiri kutotanga kuwedzera.
Muchikamu chechipiri nechechitatu, pangave nekushandurwa mumamiriro evanhu anoratidza zvimwe zvirwere, somuenzaniso, muAARVI, pneumonia, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Muchikamu chekupedzisira chekenza, zviratidzo zvepummonary insufficiency zvinowanikwa, kuonekwa kwehupfupi, kufema kwepfupa nezvinetso mubasa remwoyo.
Kenza yeBronchial - zviratidzo, zviratidzo zvokutanga
Zvizhinji zvezvirwere zvechirwere zvine zviratidzo zvisingaiti zvekutanga, naizvozvo varwere vanowanzosvika kuna chiremba pamatanho ekutanga echirwere, apo kurapwa kunonyanya kushanda. Zviratidzo zvekenza yebhonchi pachigamba chekutanga: kukwezva, kuderera kwekuita uye kusagadzikana kusingaperi , kuora muviri uye chido. Mushure mechinguva, zviratidzo zvekupera simba zvinowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere chinoputika zvinosanganisira kuonekwa kwekunzwa kunorwadza apo bundu rinokura mumasumbu.
Nhano dzechirwere chekenza
Pane zvikamu zvina zvekuvandudzwa kwechirwere uye umwe neumwe ane zviratidzo zvake. Vanachiremba vanotaura kuti kurapwa kuchapa mitsara chete mumatanho maviri okutanga uye nokukurumidza zviratidzo zvekenza yehononi zvinowanikwa, zviri nani kuparidzira.
- Nhamba nhamba 1. Neoplasm haifaniri kuve yakareba kupfuura masendimita matatu. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, inowanikwa munzvimbo yebronchus, asi metastasis haina kuonekwa.
- Nhamba nhamba 2. Metastases inotanga kupararira kune lymph nodes dzenharaunda. Iyo yakareba yezvigadzirwa zvinosvika 6 cm.
- Nhamba nhamba 3. Panguva iyi, chirwere chinowedzera kunyanya mubronchi, zviratidzo zvinoratidzwa uye metastasis inenge yatoonekwa mumakirini emakirini. Imwe pfungwa inokosha - nzira inocological inopfuurira kune inonzi bronchus.
- Nhamba nhamba 4. Zviratidzo zvekenza pleurisy uye metastases zvinokura mune dzimwe nhengo dzinokosha. Pazvikamu zvina, kenza yemuviri inenge isina kunaka. Dzidzo haigoni kushandiswa, uye kurapwa kunosanganisira radiation uye chemotherapy .
Kenza yeBronchial - kuongororwa
Kuti asimbise kana kuramba kuongororwa, vanachiremba vanoshandisa nzira dzakadaro dzokuongorora: CT, MRI uye X-ray. Vanobatsira kuziva kwete kungovapo chete, asiwo nzvimbo uye zvizhinji zvechirwere. Inobatsira kutsvaga kenza yebronchi X-rays uye dzimwe nzira, uye kuongororwa kunosanganisira kuongororwa kwakawanda kweropa kuti uwane ruzivo rwemaukocyte nemiganhu ye ESR. Inokosha cytological tsvakurudzo, nokuti inobatsira kuziva chimiro chedzidzo.
Kanzira yebronchi - kurapwa
Kuti abatsire murwere, vanachiremba vanoshandisa nzira dzakachengetedza uye dzokuvhiya dzokurapwa. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira remishonga inonzi radiation, iyo iri mumatanho ekupedzisira anoshandiswa pamwe chete nekushanda. Kujekesa kunoitwa kwemwedzi miviri. uye nhamba yacho yose iri kusvika kuGrey 70. Kuita kubvisa kusvibiswa pasina anesthesia uye kupindira kwakaoma kupindira, vanachiremba, vanobva pane zviratidzo zvevanhu, vanogona kupa chirwere chemafirimu, icho chinoshandisa cyber-thipa. Ichi chiridhi chinodzinga radiation iyo inobvisa tumarara uye metastases.
Kwete-duku sekiro bronchial carcinoma (danho rechitatu uye mamwe maitiro akaoma) rinorapwa nekemotherapy. Inoshandiswa apo pasina kukwanisa kuita basa racho. Ipa chemotherapy mishonga kana zvichidiwa kurapa kamuviri kadiki kemukari inobata mishonga yakadaro. Mune maitiro mashoma masero, chemotherapy inoshandiswa kuderedza huwandu hwezvidzidzo uye marwadzo, uye zvakare kudzorera kuporesa mabasa. Kurapa kwekenza yakaipa uye mishonga yevanhu hakugoni uye kune ngozi zvikuru.
Kushanda kupindira hakugoni kuitika munyaya dzose. Kenza yeBronchial inorapwa nekukurumidza kana kuumbwa kwacho kwabviswa zvachose, izvo zvichaita kuti kukurumidza kuve kwemu murwere. Muzvikamu zvina, chirwere chacho hachina kuitwa, sezvo zvirwere zvinoshandisa zvinoshandiswa pedyo nemasukisi, uye kupindira kwakadaro hakubatsiri. Kushandisa kurapwa kwekenza kunoitwa munzira dzakawanda, uye kusarudzwa kwekusarudza kunofunga nezvehukuru hwekuita:
- Lobectomy inoreva kubudiswa kwelobe yemapapu. Chiremba anoita chisarudzo chekupedzisira mushure mekunge chifuva chikazarurwa. Kana zviratidzo zvikawanikwa, somuenzaniso, kupararira kwehupenyu hwehutano, basa racho rinogona kuwedzerwa.
- Bilobectomy inobva pakubviswa kwepamusoro kana pakati, kana pasi uye pasi nepakati pamwe chete. Nhengo dzinosara dzichashungurudzirwa kune ve mediastinum. Pakarepo panguva yekuvhiya, lymph nodes dziri pedyo dziri kubviswa.
- Ne pulmonectomy kubviswa kwakakwana kwemapapu uye lymph nodes iri pedyo inoitwa. Ita izvi chete kana murwere ari utano hwakanaka.
Kanzira yebronchi - kufungidzira
Haisi chakavanzika chokuti chekutanga dambudziko racho rinoratidzika, inowanzova mukana wekudzorera zvakakwana. Kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti vangani vari kurarama, kana pane kenza yebronchi, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti kana uchitarisa tumarara pamatangiro ekutanga uye kurapwa kwakakodzera, makore mashanu ehupenyu hunopera huri kusvika ku80%. Apo chirwere chacho chinotanga, maererano nehuwandu, anenge 30% yevarwere vari kuitirwa chirwere vanoramba varipo. Kana munhu akaramba chirwere, zvino kusvika kumakore mashanu chete 8% yevarwere vanogara.