Fetal karyotype muvanhu inosanganiswa yezviratidzo zvechromosomal yakagadzirirwa. Chromosome yevanhu ine 46, makumi maviri nemasere kubva kwavari ndeye autosomes uye maviri echromosomes zvepabonde. Kuti uone karyotype yevanhu, masero ayo anoshandiswa, kuvashatisa nemayese, kupikisa nekuongorora ma chromosomes ne microscopy. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhamba yemakromosomes, masikirwo avo uye marphological features zvinodzidzwa. Zvimwe zvirwere zve-chromosomal zvinogona kuongororwa nekuchinja kwenhamba yekromosomes (zvikurukuru chromosomes zvepabonde), kana nedzimwe nzira dzekugadzirisa kweprachromosomal uye interchromosomal.
Karyotyping ye fetus?
Karyotyping yepatatal ya fetus inofanirwa kutarisa zvirwere zvechromosomal. Nokuda kweizvi, fetal cells dzinodiwa: chorion villi kana amniotic fluid.
Kuongorora kwakakwana kana kusarura kwe fetal karyotype kunogona kuitwa. Pakutsvakurudza kwakakwana, sero rose remakromosomes e fetus rinongororwa, asi nguva yekudzidza yakareba kwenguva refu - mazuva 14. Uye nekudzidza zvishoma kwemazuva manomwe, chete ma kromosomes, matambudziko ayo anoratidza zvirwere zvegenetic ( Down's Syndrome , Patau kana Edwards). Kazhinji iri 21, 13, 18 mapaundi emakromosomes uye chromosomes zvepabonde.
Kudzidza zvekromosomes zvepabonde
Vabereki vakawanda vanoda kuziva hutano hwemwana asati aberekwa, uye ultrasound hairati iratidze izvi zvakatendeseka, asi karyotyping inogadzirisa zvepabonde zvakanyatsonaka. Asi karyotyping pamwe nekudzidza zvekromosomes zvepabonde hazviiti zvachose nokuda kweizvi. Kazhinji fetal carotid 46 XX iri karyotype yemusikana, asi kana X chromosome inopfuura maviri (kanowanzoita 3 trisomy X, kana kupfuura 3 inonzi polysomy X), saka iyi ndiyo ngozi yekutadza mupfungwa, psychosis. Asi monosomy X (imwe X-chromosome) karyotype yeShershevsky-Turner syndrome.
Kazhinji fetal karyotype ye 46 XY karyotype yemukomana. Asi mwana ane karyotype ye XXU (kuongorora kwe X chromosome muvarume) achazvarwa neKlinefelter's syndrome, uye mukomana ane chirwere cheprisym muY chromosome achava nekukura kwakakura, kumwe kunonoka kwepfungwa uye kuwedzerwa kushungurudzika.
Zviratidzo zve fetal karyotyping
Zviratidzo zvekutora karyotyping ndezvekuti:
- nguva yevabereki vakwegura kudarika 35, ukama hwavo hweropa;
- mumhuri iyi kune vana vese vane maitiro asina kunaka kana paive nepamuviri yakanyanyisa yevana vane maitiro, kusavhiringidzika kwepabonde, kukanganisa kwepamuviri nekuda kwekutsanangurira kusakanganiswa kwekuberekwa kwema fetal developmental anomalies;
- mamiriro ekuvadza anoshanda uye upenyu hwevabereki, tsika dzakaipa (zvinodhaka kana kuti doro);
- zvirwere zvehutachiona mumutambo wekutanga wekuita pamuviri;
- kunyunyuta kwezvirwere zvekuzvarwa uye ultrasound kuongororwa muna 1 uye 2 trimester yekuzvitakura.