Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga nezvekenza yemapapu kuva chirwere chakakomba chekufema. Panewo hutachiona hwehutano hwakadaro, husina hubatanidzwa neoncology - COPD. Inobata vose vakadzi nevarume, inoramba ichifambira mberi, zvakaoma kubata, inokonzera zvinetso zvisingagoneki uye inowanzoguma mukufa kusati kwasvika kumunhu.
COPD - rudzi rwechirwere rudzii?
Ichi chidimbu chinomiririra chirwere chisingaperi chisinganzwisisiki. Ichi ndicho chirwere chekuzvimirira, chinoratidzirwa nekuderera kwemhepo inoyerera mumhepo. Chirwere chakadaro hachina kurapwa zvachose, kurapwa kunobatsira chete kuderedza zviratidzo uye kuwedzera zvishoma kutarisira hupenyu, asi chirwere ichi chiri kuramba chichifambira mberi, uye gore rose zvinowedzera kuomera munhu kufema.
COPD chikamu
Pane 3 maitiro ekusiyanisa kwehutano muhutano. Yokutanga inotarisa mune chipiro chechipatori chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - emphysema kana bronchitis inowanikwa. Chikamu chechipiri chinoitwa muchikamu chechirwere (kuregererwa uye kuwedzera). Chirevo chechitatu chekudzikamisa ndekuoma kweCOPD:
- chiedza;
- average;
- nzara;
- rakaremera kwazvo.
COPD dzinokonzera
Dambudziko rinotsanangurwa rinokurudzirwa nekukurudzirwa kwemapapu emapapu nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi, gasi uye chepfu. Zviri nyore kurarama nechirwere ichi, kana iwe unonzwisisa chinangwa cheCOPD - chii, iyo inobatwa sei. Izvo zvinoputika zvinotanga kupinda mumucu membrane yebronchi. Slime inosunungurwa muwandu huwandu uye inova yakawanda. Gare gare, utachiona huri pamwe chete, uye kuputika kunopararira kune bronchi, alveoli uye bronchioles, chirwere chemapapu chinowedzera COPD.
Chikonzero chikuru (anenge 90% emhosva) yehutano hwakadaro kusvuta kwezvinhu zvefodya, kunyanya kwenguva yakareba. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera COPD ndeizvi:
- hereditary predisposition;
- inhalation yeutsi hwefodya ( kusasvuta kusvuta );
- basa rezvenyanzvi;
- Mhepo isina tsvina mumhepo kana mumusha;
- kazhinji kuputika kwezvirwere muhuduku, kunyanya kana vasina kunyatsorapwa.
COPD - zviratidzo
Chirwere chemakiriniki chinoenderana nesiteji chechirwere. Iyo yakakwirira kusimba, yakasimba zviratidzo zveCOPD. Ichi chinonzi chirwere chine imwe nhatu yezviratidzo zvakadaro:
- chifuva;
- high sputum production;
- kukurumidza kufema .
COPD - kuoma
Nzira yekufambira mberi kwechirwere inotsanangurwa ne spirometry, nehuwandu hwekumanikidzwa kwekupera mu1 wechipiri (FEV1), kukosha kwemapapu (ZHEL) uye kuvapo kwechirevo chiri pamusoro apa chinorondedzerwa kliniki. Zvikamu zveCOPD zvinoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvinotevera:
- Nyore - basa rekupema rinenge risisina kuwedzera, asi zvikamu zve FEV1 neZHEL zviri pedyo nekugara. Kuswa uye kuputika kweputi hakusipo kana kuti kusina simba, kurapwa zvakanaka.
- Avhareji - kuonekwa kwakanyanya mumabasa ekufema, izvo zvinosimbiswa nemigumisiro ye spirometry (FEV1 pasi pe80% yezvakagadzirwa, chiyero chayo kune GEL iri pasi pe70% yemafungiro akakodzera). Dzimwe nguva kune chifukidziro nekusunungurwa kweevcous sputum uye dyspnea.
- Yakanyanya - kuora kukuru mumabasa ekufema, FEV1 pasi pe50% yehuwandu hwehuwandu. Kune chetatu chezviratidzo zvakananga zvakaoma kubata.
- Yakanyanya kuoma - iyo inoratidzirwa kusafema kunopfuurira. Zvose zviratidzo zvehutano zvinowanikwa nguva dzose.
Chikoro neCOPD
Chiratidzo chekutanga chekudzivirira kwemhepo, asi varwere kazhinji havakwanisi kutarisa. Kusava nehanya kunokonzerwa nokushaiwa zivo shoma dzeCOPD - kuti chii, kuti inobatwa sei uye inoratidzwa. Apo kusvuta chifuva kunofungidzirwa kunotarisirwa "side effect", saka vatsvina vezvigadzirwa zvefodya havabatisisi kukosha kwariri. Muchikamu chekutanga, chiratidzo ichi chinoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Apo hutachiona hunobudirira, kukwezva kunowedzera kakawanda kusvikira kurwisa kwezuva nezuva.
Kana chirwere chechirwere chacho chiri munyoro, phlegm muCOPD inobudiswa mune zviduku. Izvo zvinotapisa, mucous uye zvakaoma kubudisa, tsvina ine furo inofadza. Pazvikamu zvakaoma zveCOPD chiratidzo chakadaro chinowedzera uye hachina kunaka. Sputum yakanyanyisa yakawanda uye nezvose zvinokonzera kukohwa. Mune vamwe varwere, ine pus, izvi zvinoratidza utachiona uye kuwedzera kwehutachiona. Kunze kwekudzokazve, mucus inogadzirwa zvishoma.
Dyspnoea neCOPD
Ichi chiitiko chechirwere hachirevi kune zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekudzivirira. Dyspnea inowanikwa anenge makore gumi pashure pokutanga kwekukanganiswa. Kutanga, inongororwa chete nekudzokazve kweCOPD - kuwedzera, kunyanya nehutachiona huripo, kunotungamirira kukuvadza kwakanyanya mumabasa ekufema. Muchikamu chekupedzisira che dyspnea chinowanzogara, zvakaoma kubata. Sarudza chidimbu chezvidimbu zvechiratidzo ichi zvichienderana nekuwanda kwezviitiko:
- 0 - kunze kwechikonzero chekuwedzerwa kwepanyama;
- 1 - nekufamba nekusimudza;
- 2 - kunyange nehanho rinokurumidza kufamba;
- 3 - zvakaoma kufema panguva yekufamba, unofanira kumira mamiriyoni zana;
- 4 - pamusana pekushanda kwepanyama (kuvanza, kushamba mumvura).
Kuongororwa kweCOPD
Chiremba-pulmonologist anogona kusimbisa hupo hwehutsanangurirwa chirwere. Zvakakosha kusiyanisa kuongororwa kweCOPD uye bronchial asthma. Izvi zvirwere zvinoshandiswa zvakafanana, kunyanya mumatanho ekutanga ekubudirira. Kurongeka kwakarurama kunobatsira kunyatsoongorora COPD - kuti chii, kuti inobatwa sei, nekuda kwezvinoitika. Kuti asimbise chirwere, inotevera ma laboratori, zvidzidzo zvekushandisa zvinoshandiswa:
- sputum analysis;
- spirometry ;
- kutsunga kwebasa rekufema kunze;
- gasi analytical tests;
- pneumotachography;
- computer spirography;
- radiography yemapapu ;
- pikfluometriya;
- scintigraphy.
COPD - kurapwa
Chikamu chinokosha mukurapa kwehutachiona huri kutadzisa kufambira mberi kwayo uye kudzivirira kudzokerazve. Asati aporesa COPD nemishonga, murwere weplmologologist anofanira kunyanya kurega kubva kune fodya, kugadzirisa simba rezvidzidzo pamhepo yekufema. Iyi nzira inobatsira kuderedza kushungurudzika kwemukasi membrane webronchi nemapapu, izvi zvichava nemigumisiro yakanaka pamabasa ekufema.
COPD - kurapa, zvinodhaka
Conservative therapy inosarudzwa mumwe nomumwe, maererano nesiteji chechirwere, kukwirira kwezviratidzo uye kuwanda kwezvakawanda. Pakupedzisira, chiremba anofanira kutsanangurira murwere zvinhu zvikuru zvekurwisana neCOPD - kuti chii, kuti inobatwa sei, chii chichafanira kusiya. Kunyanya kubvisa kuvhiringidza hazvibviri, asi zvakanyanya kuderedza kuwanda kwezviratidzo zvayo nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu huripo. Anoshandisa madhiragi muCOPD:
- Mucolytics. Aya mafirosiki anoita kuti kuve nekusvibiswa kwemukoko uye kuita kuti kubviswa kwacho kubva kubronchi, kunodzivirira kusungirwa kweutachiona hwehutachiona. COPD inobatwa zvakananga uye zvisingaenzaniswi mucolytics. Mishonga yeboka rokutanga rakataurwa (Trypsin, Chymotrypsin) inobatanidza ne sputum yakatobudiswa, inoderedza mucus uye inokurumidza kusimuka kwayo. Rudzi rwechipiri rwemucolytics (Bromhexin, Ambroxol) inoderedza kusimba kwepermonary secretion. Iko kunewo mishonga yemishonga inobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri.
- Bronchodilators (bronchodilators). Mishonga yakadaro inosunungura musikana unotapira wemasvingo emhepo, iyo inoderedza marwadzo uye inodzivisa zvinoparadza. Iyi mishonga inosanganisira Formoterol, Atrovent, Salmeterol, Spiriva nevamwe.
- Antibiotics. Munguva yekuwedzerwa kweCOPD, mbungu inounganidza mumapapu uye bronchi, iyo inobatsira pakuvandudzwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona. Kuti udzivise zvinetso izvi, taura ma antibiotic chaiwo - cephalosporins (yechizvarwa chechipiri), penicillins, clavulanic acid magadzirira.
- Glucocorticosteroids. Kunyatsodzokazve kunotanga nguva dzose kunotanga nechisimba chekuvhiringidza. Inobatsirwa nemahomoni, kunyanya Prednisolone uye mifananidzo yayo inoshandiswa.
- Inhibitors yevanopindirana nevanopindira uye mapurisa. Kazhinji glucocorticosteroids ine zviremera zvakakomba, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza zvinetso zvisina kudiwa. Kuti uende panzvimbo yavo, mishonga iyi inoshandiswa - Evere, Fenspiride.
Inhalation muCOPD
Nekudzokazve kwekudzivirira, kuendeswa kwekukurumidzira kwezvinopesana nezvinokonzera zvinodhaka uye bronchodilator kumugwagwa wekupumha kunoda kudiwa nokukurumidza kuti abvise kuwedzera kwekuwedzera. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, chirwere cheCOPD chinoitwa zvikurukuru nenzira yekudzivirira. Glucocorticosteroids uye mishonga inobatsira zvikuru inonzi bronchodilator inowanikwa nenzira ye spray. Izvozvo zvinoshandiswa mune zvemapurisa zvinogona kungorongedzerwa chete ne pulmonologist. Mimwe mhando dzekudzivirira, kusanganisira kumba maitiro, hazvibvumirwi pasina kubvunzurudzwa kwachiremba.
Kudzidzira kupfurikidza neCOPD
Kuita maitiro anokosha zvakakosha kune:
- kunatsiridzirwa kwemhepo;
- kubviswa kwezviratidzo zvekufema kusakundikana;
- kudzivirirwa kwekuwedzerwa kwekuchema kwekuchema;
- kusimbisa kuputika kwemapfupa;
- kubviswa kwekushaikwa kwepachiviri mumapapu.
Gymnastics muCOPD:
- Nzvimbo yekutanga - akagara pachigaro, achiomanikidza musana wake shure. Ita pfufumu shoma mumhino, pfuurira zvakanyanyisa kuburikidza nemiromo yakakomberedzwa.
- Mamiriro akafanana. Zvimwe wakasimudza maoko ako kuti uite inhale uye udzipedze paunenge uchitsvaga.
- Vakasununguka uye zvishoma nezvishoma inhale. Bata mhepo kwemasekondi 1-3. Smoothly exhale.
- Kuti ive iri pamucheto wechigaro, kuderedza maoko pamativi edu, zvishoma zvishoma. Zvishoma nezvishoma inhale uye ruramisa mapepa, exhale, kudzokera kunzvimbo yekutanga.
Pane zvimwe zvingasarudzwa zvekuvhima muCOPD:
- naStrelnikova;
- by Buteyko;
- Tolkachev;
- paNeumyvakin.
COPD - kurapwa nemishonga yevanhu
Mushonga wepamutemo hauna chokwadi pamusoro peiyo nzira yekurapa. Kufunga zvose zvinowanikwa pamusoro peCOPD - chii, iyo inobatwa sei uye yakaoma, inofambira mberi, kubudirira kwevanhu nzira inenge zero. Zvimwe zvinonzi pulmonologist zvinobvumira varwere vavo kushandisa dzimwe nzira dzokufambisa, asi mushure mokunge vatarisana nguva yakazara. Hazvisi nguva dzose zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa nzira dzisiri dzetsika, kana chirwere chisingaperi chisingabatsiri chinopera, kurapwa nemishonga yevanhu kunogona kuwedzera kutsamwa kwemasvingo egungwa uye kuputika.
Kugadziriswa kwekununurwa kwezviratidzo
Zvisungo :
- Icelandic moss - 20-25 g;
- mvura - 1 litre.
Kugadzirira, kushanda
- Dururirai zvinhu zvakasvibiswa nemvura yakatsva.
- Uyai kune chemota pamusoro pekupisa kwepasi, bvisai hotplate.
- Kuomerera zvinoreva maminitsi makumi matatu.
- Shingairira mhinduro.
- Inwa chetatu chemagashira akapiwa mushure mekudya kamwechete, katatu pazuva.
Kuvhiringidzwa kwekudzivirira kwekudzoka zvakare
Zvisungo :
- chamomile maruva - 100 g;
- flaxseed - 50 g;
- lime maruva - 100 g;
- eucalyptus - 100 g;
- mvura 250 ml.
Kugadzirira, kushanda
- Mix the herbs.
- Dururira zvikamu zviviri zvepuni nemvura inopisa.
- Mushure maminitsi makumi mana mishonga inoshandiswa.
- Inwa 100 mami yemishonga kaviri pazuva chete panguva yekuregererwa.
Matambudziko eCOPD
Chirwere chakaongororwa hachigoni kurapwa, kurapa kunobatsira chete kusiya uye kuderedza zviratidzo zvayo. Kunyanya nekukurumidza kune misi yakaipa kana munhu asingazivi chinhu pamusoro peCOPD - kuti chii, kuti yakanyatsorapwa sei. Pasina mishonga zvirwere zvinokurumidza kufambira mberi uye zvinokonzera kuchinja kusinganzwisisiki mumhepo yekufema. Chirwere chekudzivirira chirwere chepemmonic - zvinetso:
- secondary polycythemia ;
- pneumonia;
- congestive heart, acute uye asingagumi kuporesa kusakundikana;
- pneumomediastinum;
- chronic pulmonary heart ;
- pneumothorax pakarepo pamwe nevamwe.
COPD - kutarisira upenyu
Iyo inorondedzerwa hutachiona inofambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma, naizvozvo kushandura kwenguva refu hakushamisi. Paanoongororwa neCOPD 3 degrees kana kupfuura, murwere haagari kurarama kwemakore anopfuura mashanu, kunyanya kana pane zvinetso zvinopfurikidza nehutano hwemapfupa, munhu ane makore anopfuura makumi mana kana zvikonzero zvinokuvadza kudzoka hazvibvisi. Pamusoro pezvikamu zvekutanga zvechirwere, maonero acho ane tariro. Nekurapa kwakakodzera, vazhinji varimonologist varwere vanofara kugona kukwegura, asi hupenyu hwehupenyu hwavo hunoramba huchiwedzera.
Kudzivirira kweCOPD
Chinhu chikuru chinofanirwa kuregwa, kuitira kuti asave nekudzivirira zvirwere zvepemmonic, izvi zvinopfungaira. Iwe haugoni kufema iwe pachako kana utsi hweumwe munhu. Matanho ekudzivirira anowedzera kuudza vanhu pamusoro peCOPD - kuti chii, kuti inobata sei uye inodzivirirwa, chii chakazara nechirwere ichi. Dzimwe nzira dzokudzivirira:
- chirwere chenguva yakakodzera ye airway pathologies, zvirwere;
- kuregererwa kwezvinhu zvekushanda zvinokonzera COPD;
- sangano remhepo yakanaka mudzimba dzekugara, air purification;
- kusimbisa hutachiona uye huwandu hwemuviri.