Sangano rezvematongerwo enyika rinosangana nekugadzirisa kusagadzikana muhukama hwevanhu uye hukama hwehukama. Apo dambudziko racho rinokurukurwa pamusana pekutanga kwekuvandudzwa kwayo, mamiriro ekukakavadzana anogadziriswa pamwe nekubatsira kune imwe neimwe yemapato. Conflictologists vari kuita nyanzvi uye zvakanyatsodzidza nyaya idzi.
Chii chinonzi conflictology?
Nekubatana kwezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana zvakabatana, kupikisana kunogona kubuda nekuda kwemaonero akasiyana pamusoro pechiitiko chimwechete, kusiyana kwezvido uye nzvimbo. Conflictology sesayenzi inodzidza nzira dzekuitika kwekupesana mamiriro ezvinhu, simba ravo uye nzira dzekugadzirisa. Zvinhu zvinodzidza ndezvekupokana kwemagariro evanhu , kukakavadzana mamiriro ezvinhu mumunda wepfungwa. Zvidzidzo zvidzidzo ndezvevanhu, mapoka evanhu uye masangano. Nyaya yekudzidza ndiyo maitiro avo mumamiriro ekurwisana.
Chinangwa chekupikisa
Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakavimbika pamusoro pemamiriro ekurwisana, kushamwaridzana kwakanyanya kuri kuitwa nematazi akafanana ane sayenzi: economics, sayenzi yezvematongerwo enyika, social psychology, etiology. Izvi zvinotibvumira kuti tinyatsonzwisisa mhedzisiro uye mararamiro ekusimudzirwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu umo kusangana kunokonzera. Izvo zvakakosha mabasa ekugadzirisa ndezvekuti:
- Kudzidza kukakavadzana sehupenyu hunotarisana nehupenyu hwevanhu, mapoka evanhu uye nyika yose.
- Kupararira munzvimbo dzakawanda dzehutano pamusoro pekugadzirisa dambudziko.
- Dzidzo yeyanzvi hwetsika muhutano uye bhizinesi yekukurukurirana.
Conflictology methods
Kuvandudza kwakanyanya uye kugadziriswa kwenheyo yezvinyorwa, kunyatsogadziriswa kwemashoko, kushandiswa kwesayenzi kuwanikwa mukuita-izvi ndizvo zvakakosha zvepfungwa, izvo zvinobvumira kutsvaga nzira uye nzira dzokukunda nadzo mhirizhonga. Mashoko akazara uye akavimbika masayendisiti anogamuchira nekushandisa mazano akasiyana-siyana ezvesayenzi. Semuenzaniso, kuunganidza ruzivo, sarudzo, miedzo, mitambo yemutambo inoratidzira nzira dzekutsvakurudza mupfungwa dzinoitwa. Mimwe nzira dzekutenda kune imwe nzvimbo yekugadzirisa dhigirii:
- kuongorora;
- kudzidza zvinyorwa;
- kuongorora;
- maitiro ekufananidzira emakakatanwa.
Apo imwe ruzivo rwehuwandu huri kuunganidzwa, conflictology inotarisa zvakanyatsocherechedza zvakaitika uye kuenzanisa nekuongorora. Ruzivo runogadziriswa, huwandu hwehutano hwehuwandu uye hutsika hunhu hunosimbiswa (nhamba). Nhaurirano yemazuva ano muitiro inotangira kukurudzirwa kwekukakavadzana kwechokwadi mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu, inobatsira kuchengetedza kuenzanisa pakati pemapoka ehondo nekuda kwekubatana kwavo kunovaka.
Conflictologist - chii ichi basa?
Izvo zvinowanzodiwa zvinodiwa zvepikisano zvinotsanangurwa nechokwadi chokuti pane unyanzvi hwepamhizha hunokonzera kukakavadzana mamiriro ezvinhu ari kugadziriswa izvo zvingadaro zvingave kuoma kusangana pakati pemauto anorwa. Kana mhuri ye conflictology inokwanisa kugadzirisa kukakavadzana pakati pemitezo yemhuri, zvino pahutano hwehurumende, nyanzvi dzinokwanisa kudzivirira kukakavadzana kwakaoma kunotangwa nevashandi vezvigadzirwa zvekutungamirira.
Izvo basa rekupesana kwakaonekwa munharaunda yenyika mumakore makumi matanhatu ezana remakore rechi20. Panguva iyo pane masangano ose ane basa guru rekugadzirisa kukakavadzana kupi nekupi kwakaoma kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Semuenzaniso, vamiririri vezvemhizha vanobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa kukakavara mumamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende kunze kwedare, iyo inonyanya kuderedza nguva yekufunga nezvezvigaro zvevanhu. Conflictology chinhu chinokosha chinosanganisira kushamwaridzana kwepedyo nevanodzidza nezvepfungwa, vezvematongerwe enyika, vatongi uye vevashandi.
Ndivanaani vanopikotologists vanoshanda navo?
Shandisa conflictologist mune zvose mumapoka emabhizimisi akasiyana-siyana, uye mune mamwe masangano ekubvunzurudza. Vakapedza kudzidza mumayunivhesiti vanokumbirwa kuti vashande vari voga uye munzvimbo dzevanhu, muH HR-maitirwo. Vanopa mazano kuvanhu pamusoro pe "kutsva" mitsara, "kudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma uye ane ngozi. Munharaunda yezvematongerwo enyika, ava vanozivikanwa vanozivikanwa vanobatsira kugadzirisa kusawirirana kuburikidza nhaurirano.
Mabhuku akaisvonaka pane conflictology
Chinhu chakaoma uye panguva imwechete nzira inofadza yekuziva ino sayenzi inosanganisira zvidzidzo zvedzidzo uye zivo yakashandiswa. Zvinyorwa zvepa conflictology zvakare mabhuku, mabhuku, uye mazano anobatsira. Mabhuku anoshandiswa nevadzidzisi uye vanhuwo zvavo vanoziva unyanzvi hwokugadzirisa kusawirirana muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kubatsira kuverenga kwevadzidzi:
- Grishina N.E. "Psychology of conflict (2nd edition)".
- Emelyanov SM "Ongororo pamapurtolo."
- Carnegie D. "Ungawana sei nzira yekubuda mumamiriro ose emakakatanwa."