Vakawanda vanoziva kuti utachiona hwekombiyuta uye hutachiona hunongorwisa chete pamwero weanomuteri kana mudzidzi wemusha uye haufungi kuti ingangova dambudziko sei. Mamwe mashoko akajeka pamusoro pemarudzi ose e-cyberattacks haazove akakurumbira kana achishanda nemichina yepakombiyuta mune imwe nzvimbo yebasa.
Kirasi yekombiyuta - chii ichocho?
Kakawanda, vashandi vepakombiyuta vanonyevera - usasvinura mafaira kubva kune chinyorwa chisingaiti, mapepa ane mashupiti emasiti, shandisa makadhi emumwe munhu, zvisinei iwe unogona kutora purogiramu yakaipa. Saka chii chirwere chepakombiyuta - iyi software chaiyo, iyo nezviito zvayo inogona kukuvadza kombiyuta.
Inogona kuiswa mukati megadziriro, chiyeuchidzo uye mafaira, ichisiya makopi awo ipapo, nokudaro ichivhara basa ravo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kutyisidzira kwakadaro kunogona kuva kwakanyanya zvokuti hazvibviri kugadzirisa deta yakachengetwa pane imwe shanduro. Parizvino, mavairusi uye antivirusi zvinowedzera kukuvadza pamakombiyuta - mapurogiramu ekudzivirira pamusoro pavowo haasati amire.
Kuenzanisa kwemavhidhiyo emakombiyuta
Pasinei nevekare iripo nhamba yakakura yemhando, mhando itsva yemavhidhiyo emakombiyuta inoonekwa, inoda kukurudzirwa kwezvirongwa zvidziviriro zvitsva. Pane zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirongwa zvinotyisa:
- Pazvirongwa zvinogona kuuraya virus - yeWindows, Android, Linux nevamwe.
- Nezvinhu zvinotapukirwa nehutachiwana: mavairasi e-code code, bootable, faira (ivo vane zvikamu zvakasiyana maererano nehutano hwekuita - vanyori zvakare, maharasi kana mavairasi "satellites"), mamiriro ezvinhu, mavirusi macro.
- Maererano nehurongwa hwekushandura, iyo inoshandiswa pakuvandudzwa kwehutachiwana - mamiriro ezvinhu, assembler nevamwe.
- Nekwenyanzvi yehutachiona, somuenzaniso, maviritsi emapolymorphic kana rootkits.
- Nokushanda kwayo - spyware, backdoors, botnets.
Boot virusi
Kurwisa kwechirwere chechirongwa ichi chinopesana pakuti chinopinda chikamu chekutanga chekuoma kana floppy disk yekombiyuta kana ichitakurwa. Uyezve, hutachiona hunogona kupararira kune dzose disks pajecha. Mishonga yakawanda yakadai haigoni kuwanikwa pane imwe disk, sezvo inoda imwe nzvimbo pairi. Kuwanda kwehutachiona hunorwisana nemhando iyi huri kuchinjwa uye hwakafanana nemichina yemabhootkits. Bootable uye mafaira mapepa anowanzosangana.
Mishonga yemagetsi
Kazhinji kuiswa kwemavhivirusi kunobvumira kutsanangurwa zvakajeka kweimwe kana imwe software yakaipa. Saka, mavairasi emagetsi ndeye chirongwa chinokwanisa kupararira zvakasununguka paInternet. Nheyo yekuita mavirusi aya ane mazano maviri:
- Purogiramu inotapukirwa inotangwa nemusana pachake nekuda kwekuti inoratidzwa kwaari pasi pechikonzero chekuchengeteka, somuenzaniso, neyemagetsi ekunyora mazita.
- Utachiona hunopinda muhurongwa nekuda kwezvikanganiso mumakombiyuta software.
Faira mavairasi
Iropa rehutachiona rakafanana rinowanikwa mukombiyuta yehurumende uye maitiro ayo anouraya, nokudaro achiikurira uye nekuwana kukwanisa kufamba nemafaira kune mamwe computer hardware. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, chiito chacho hachioneki kune muridzi. Njodzi dzinogona kubudiswa pachena nezvinhu zvakapetwa exe, com, sys, bat, dll. Aya mavairasi ane mararamiro avo maererano nehutachiona hwehutachiona:
- overwriting, kupindira faira, kuiparadza pasina kukwanisa kugadzirisa;
- parasitic inokwanisa kuiswa mukati memafaira anokwana;
- hutachiona hunomiririrwa seefisi yakasiyana.
Macroviruses
Mhando dzakawanda dzemavirusi zvakanyatsoreva kuti inoda basa rerotivirus kuti ribvise. Izvi zvinosanganisira virusi macro. Nokuda kwekutsvaga kwavo, zvakananga programming macrolanguages zvinoshandiswa, izvo zviri muzvirongwa zvekushanda:
- vatori;
- manyorero uye mapurogiramu maitiro;
- mahwendefa.
Kuburikidza nemafaira aya mapurogiramu, ma virus akawanda mumatambudziko akawanda anokonzera kombiyuta - kuparadzirwa kwemavhidhiyo akadaro kunoshandiswa uchishandisa mitauro yakafanana macro. Software yakaipa inogona kuiswa mukati megadziriro, ikopike ruzivo rwakakumbirwa, rurege kana rwuitume ne e-mail.
Nzira yekugadzirisa sei mavhairusi?
Zvisingatarisirwi kumunhu wemashini yemakombiyuta zvinogona kuva kurwisa kwemavirusi. Inogona kukurumidzira apo, pakutanga kwefomu ine utachiona, hutachiona hunovhara hutsika, kana, pamwe, kwenguva yakareba, apo hutachiona hunoita zvishoma nezvishoma zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurongwa, uye mushumiri haaone chero kuchinja kunokosha mairi. Mugumisiro wekombiyuta ine utachiona, inoda kurapwa kana chirongwa chekuwana.
Sezvo kurwisa mavairusi kunogona kushandiswa mapurogiramu ose ekuchengetedza, zviputiro - zvose zvechitatu-chikamu uye hurongwa, antiviruses. Zvakakosha kutevera mitemo mimwe inogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kudzivisa utachiona hwehutachiona:
- Usazarura mafaira asingazivikanwe anotumwa ne-e-mail.
- Usakanganisa maitiro ekufungidzira, archives, mapurogiramu.
- Shandisa zvirongwa zvinodzivirira.
- Usarega mapepawedi uye kuwana mafaira evanhu
- Usashandisa vamwe vanhu vanofambisa mafaira uye makadhi mememori.
Kuchengeta kombiyuta yenyu kune mavhairasi
Kuti uone kombiyuta kune mavhairusi, unoda kuisa purogiramu inokosha, iyo, sekutonga, yakasununguka. Mishonga yakawanda yakagadzirirwa kwete zvemakombiyuta oga, asiwo mahwendefa uye mafoni. Pakati pemapurogiramu anonzi anti-virus ndeaya anotevera:1. Kaspersky Anti-Virus - purogiramu inokosha yekudzivirira kombiyuta yako kubva mukurwisa kwakaipa. Zvakanakira:
- hapana chakakosha pamakombiyuta anoita;
- kudzivirirwa kwechokwadi uye nekuvandudza nguva dzose kwezvinyorwa;
- kushanda kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwenyika.
2. Antivirus Dr.WEB inopa zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza kombiyuta yako kubva kune dzakawanda zvezvirwere zvinotaridzika. Mukuwedzera kune zvakasungirirwa pasi, mabasa ekuraira kwevabereki uye kuchengetedzwa kwekurasikirwa kwe data zvinowedzera kusanganiswa.
3. Antivirus ESET NOD32 - software yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kurwisana nehutachiona nehutachiona. Nenguva yekuvandudza mapurogiramu emuiti uyu anokubvumira kuti usapinda kupinda mukati kakombiyuta inozivikanwa pamwe chete nemapurogiramu matsva anowanikwa.
4. Chimwe chezvirongwa zvekare zvekare chinonzi Avast . Maitiro aro:
- kukurumidza kukurumidza kuonekwa kwezvirongwa zvakaipa;
- hutachiona huchivhara munguva chaiyo chaiye;
- friendly interface;
- kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekudzivirira.
Mukusavapo kwechiitiko, zviri nani kuisa basa iri kune vanyori. Mune mamwe makombiyuta maitiro kune zvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvakagara zvataurwa. Zvichienderana nechiripo chinowanikwa purogiramu yacho, inoongorora kombiyuta uye inokurudzira kubvisa utachiona kana kuporesa tsvaga yakaonekwa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, pakupedzwa kwebasa racho, purogiramu inobudisa mushumo pamusoro pebasa rakaitwa.
Ndingabvisa sei hovha kubva kumakombiyuta yangu?
Kana uine mibvunzo pamusoro pekubvisa chirwere ichi, unofanira kutarisa purogiramu imwechete yekuchengetedza. Zvichienderana nekuoma kwayo, kugoverwa uye nehuwandu hwekuvhiringidza kwehurongwa, vanogona kurapa kombiyuta. Kana pasina chiitiko chakanaka, basa reimwe nyanzvi yepamusoro inogona kudiwa:
- kuchenesa rejeri;
- kuumba ma diski akange aripo;
- dzorerazve sangano.
Pamberi pekutanga kwebasa riri pasi pekufungisisa, zvinokurudzirwa kuti utaure nemumwe mushumiri anokwanisa anokwanisa kuongorora huwandu hwehutachiona hwehurongwa, ona kuti zvinogona kurapwa kwekombiyuta uye kudzorera yekare yakawanikwa data. Cherechedza chokwadi chokuti munhu akadzidziswa chete kuti atsungirire dambudziko rakadaro, asingabvumiri migumisiro yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinogadzirwa.
Kudzivirirwa kumirwere
Sezvo mutemo, kuonekwa kwemavirusi ndiko basa guru rekurwisa-virusi zvirongwa. Basa ravo rakagadzirirwa kuongorora, kuwana nekuona malware. Pane zvakawanda zvezvirwere zvakadaro. Dzinopesana kubva kune imwe mimwe mumagariro ekuita uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabasa. Mushandi pachedu haagoni kuona chirwere mumamiriro ezvinhu ose. Vanogona kuzviratidza ivo pachavo mufananidzo wakajeka se:
- banners;
- kushambadzira;
- zvimwe browser windows.
Inogona kuvanzwa uye kuratidzira se:
- pop-up windows;
- computer hangs;
- hazvigoneki kutakura kana kuzarura kwezvirongwa zvakasiyana.
Hatifaniri kukanganwa pamusoro pekudzivirira paunenge uzarura mafaira asingazivikanwi, zvinyorwa, uchishanda paInternet. Kuziva kuti utachiona hwekombiyuta uye sei iwe unogona kuzvidzivirira kuti urege kuonekwa huchabatsira kune vose vanogara kumba uye nehofisi. Ruzivo rwakadaro ruchatibatsira kudzivisa kuparadza nguva pakudzorera kombiyuta kana kurasikirwa nedhimwe, uye mune dzimwe nguvawo mari yezvemari yekuigadzirisa.