Zvirwere zvinotapukira Anthrax inozivikanwa kubvira kare. Mazuva ano, hazvina kutakura, sezvakaitika kare, chirwere chepachimiro uye chinowanikwa mumatambudziko ari oga. Semuenzaniso, muRussia, kubva pamakore 15 kusvika ku50 matambudziko echirwere anochengetwa gore roga rega, iyo inowanikwa ka 350 kana ichienzanisa nekutanga kwezana remakore rechi19.
Chii chinonzi anthrax?
Zvirwere Anthrax muvanhu chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya (Bacillus anthracis) uye chinowanzoita sechimiro chechivara, kana carbuncles yakaumba paganda. Pasi pfupi unogona kuonana nechirwere ichi muchimiro chepermonary kana mumukirisa utachiona ne sepsis. Kuuraya kwakanyanya kwechirwere ichi kwakakwirira mu pulmonary uye mumatumbo uye inogona kusvika 90%. Kuonekwa kwemavara kunokonzerwa nekubudirira kurapwa, asi kana isipo, chiyero chekufa chiri 5-10%
Causative agent of anthrax
Izvozvo zvinokonzera hutachiona hweAnthrax ibhakitiriya - Sibiriazvennye bacilli, iyo inopikisana nekuchinja mumamiriro ezvinhu uye inogona kunge yakafanana nemashira mumatehwe emhuka kana ivhu kwemakore makumi emakore. Kana tikafunga nezvinyorwa, Siberian anthrax inokonzerwa ne B. Anthracis - matanda makuru, kusvika kusvika 10 μm murefu uye kusvika ku 1.5 μm muhupamhi. Kana ichionekwa mune smear, inowanzowanika mumhando yeketani kana mapaviri.
Anthrax - nzira dzehutachiona
Chikonzero chikuru chekutapukirwa kune utachiona hwehutachiona (mombe, mbudzi, makamera, makamera, makwai) uye nguruve. Mhuka dzine utachiona dzinokonzera bacilli kuburikidza nemavanga, urini uye chigaro. Iko kune zvimwe zvikamu zve nzira dzekutumira kwezvirwere.
- Nutritional. Inoitika mushure mekudya nyama yakasvibiswa, mairi uye mukaka wemukaka-mukaka.
- Contact. Dambudziko revanhu vane ngozi - vashandi vari pedyo zvikuru nemhuka. Zvine hutachiwana ne anthrax zvinogoneka uye kuburikidza nekubatana nehombodo dzemhuka dzakafa (inozivikanwa kuti anthrax bacillus inogona kugara mumatehwe kana ivhu kwemakore gumi).
- Dutu rine simba. Kutapukisa neanthrax kunowanikwa kuburikidza nehupachiviri chemuviri wekupemha. Muboka rinotyisa - vashandi veganda.
Anthrax - zviratidzo kuvanhu
Chiratidzo chechirwere ichi chakaipa chinowanzoenderana nemhando yeanthrax. Mazuva ano maitiro anosiyanisa mapiritsi maviri emakiriniki, atichakurukura mune mamwe mashoko pasi apa:
- ganda;
- generalized.
Zvisinei, chimiro chemazuva ose ndechemarudzi matatu uye zviratidzo zvezvimwe zvemafomu zvine makadhi akasiyana:
- pulmonary;
- matumbo;
- septic.
Nzira yakasiyana-siyana yeanthrax
Nechimiro chechirwere ichi, zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinogona kuonekwa zuva rakatevera mushure mokutanga kweanthrax spore, asi pane zviitiko apo hapana kuratidzwa kwebasa repore rakachengetwa kwevhiki mbiri. Ganda re anthrax pachigamba chekutanga rinofanana nekunzwa mushure mekurumwa kwemumonyo, asi mune ramangwana pane zviratidzo zvakadaro:
- kurwadziwa uye kunhuwa;
- chimiro cheva vesicles, icho chinozopedzisira chikava maronda madema uye chinoperekedzwa nekudzimba;
- kuwedzera mukushisa;
- kusava nenzara;
- feverish conditions;
- headaches;
- akaremara lymph nodes .
Mushure mekuumbwa kwechirwere mushure memazuva mashanu kusvika kumashanu kusvika matanhatu, pasi rezasi rinonyura, uye kumativi edhe vesicles ane michina isina ruvara inoonekwa. Apo chironda chinosvika pakukura kwemamilimita 8 kusvika ku15, chinova anthrax carbuncle. Nenguva yakakodzera uye yakakodzera kurapwa, ganda rinowanikwa panzvimbo yehutonda, iyo inowira shure kwemavhiki mashomanana, asi nguva yekudzoka inogona kuva yakareba.
Chimiro chemugadziri we anthrax
Zvirwere Anthrax muhutachiona hunorwadza uye inotyisa zvakanyanya kuhutano uye kunyange hupenyu hwevanhu. Infectology inoparadzanisa zvikamu zviviri zvechirwere chechirwere ichi mufomu yemapurmonary:
- Yokutanga inogona kupedza kusvika kumavhiki maviri.
- Yechipiri inomuka kamwe kamwe.
Anthrax, zviratidzo zvayo pakutanga kwomufomu wepammonari inogona kuendeswa chete nekunzwa kusanzwisisika mubhokisi. Mune ramangwana, mamiriro ezvinhu emuurwere anowedzera kuoneka uye anooneka:
- kupera kwekufema kwakanyanya ;
- kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri (kanowanzoenda kumatanho akaoma);
- cyanosis yeganda;
- inxication syndrome;
- chills;
- tachypnea.
Nokufamba kwenguva, marwadzo ari muchipfuva anowedzera uye anofanana ne infarction pain syndrome. Kuvhiringidzika kwema-lymph nodes, kukwezva kunowedzera kusvika kunopisa ropa. Kana iwe usingatangi kurapa kwakakodzera panguva iyi yechirwere, zvino izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu. Iro yehuwandu hwekufa mumafomu akakwirira yepermmari kana kana pasina kurapwa kunenge kusvika 90%.
Utumbo hwomuviri weanthrax
Symptomatology, iyo inowanikwa mumatumbo emudumbu wechirwere ichi, inogona kunge yakasiyana chaizvo uye iyi ndiyo ngozi yayo. Izvozvo zvinoshandiswa pamusana pechirwere zvinotungamirira kune fomu isina hanya, iyo inowanzoguma inonzwisisika. Mumufananidzo uyu unowanzobatwa ne mucosa kwete kwete mumatumbo chete, zvipembenene zvinogona kuonekwa mumharaputi uye mumukati muduku. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvemukati wemukati ndezvekuti:
- kuwedzera kurwadziwa mudumbu;
- kurutsa uye kurwisa neropa;
- kusuruvara nefivha;
- kukwana kusava nenzara;
- muma 3-4 mazuva (mushure mokupara kweSiberian ulcer hit mucosa), ascites inogona kukura;
- kushungurudza mamiriro;
- rufu runogona kuitika 2-5 mazuva mushure mekutanga kwezviratidzo.
Septic fomu ye anthrax
Dendaase Anthrax ine chimwe chimiro-septic. Iyi fomu ndeyedzipiri (ibhakitiriya yeAnthrax ndiyo inokonzera chirwere mune mamwe maitiro) uye inoshandurwa kubva mumimba uye mumapemmari, zvisinganzwisisiki - zvakasara. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvekuita septic fomu:
- zvakanyanya chills;
- ropa rakasununguka zvigaro;
- kuwedzera kukuru mukupisa kwemuviri;
- tachypnea uye kurwadziwa kwepfupa;
- kupfupika kwemhepo;
- kushungurudzika nemarutsi;
- kupenya panguva yekukanganiswa kwakasimba.
Kuongororwa kweanthrax
Dendaase Anthrax iyo yakawanda inobatsira kurapwa, iyo yapfuura yakaratidzwa. Chirwere chekuongorora chinonzi anthrax chinosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, imwe neimwe inopedzisa ruzivo rwakagadzirwa nerubatsiro rwezvimwe zvidzidzo.
- Bacteriological method. Sarudza mharidzo yakasarudzika yekudyara uye mushure memazuva mashomanana tsanangai kora yakangobva kuwanikwa yebhakitiriya.
- Ganda uye kuongororwa kwegorosi. Mune nzira yekutsvakurudza, anthracin (antigen) inowanikwa mukati meganda. Chiyero chakanaka chinoratidza kuvapo mumuviri wemunhu wemasikirini kune pathogen.
- Biological method. Vanopisa mhuka dzebatoti uye, mushure mekufa kwavo, vanozviparadzanisa uye vanoziva kuti pathogen yakakonzera chirwere uye rufu.
- Microscopy yemashoko ekuzvarwa. Kubva ku vesicles uye zvipembenene zvidonda zvinotora uye zvinocherechedza zviri pasi pe microscope. Kana iyo anthrax iripo, mabhakitiriya ayo akaumbwa netsvimbo achava pachena.
Anthrax mumunhu - kurapwa
Kana "Anthrax" ichiongororwa, kurapa kunofanira kutanga pasina kunonoka, iyo nenzira chaiyo, inogona kunge yakafa zvakafanana. Kurapa kunoitwa muchechi chete nekubatsira kwetachirapa yakaoma.
- etiotropic (penicillin);
- Immunological (kuiswa kweserum);
- pathogenetic (chinangwa ndechokudzikisa kudhakwa, kuvhiringidzika nekuvandudzika mune coagulability yeropa).
Pamwe nezvo zvinokurudzirwa:
- Kuiswa kwe-anti-STI immunoglobulin (zvichienderana nekuoma kwehurumende kubva pamaminitsi 20 kusvika ku80).
- Nehutachiona hwemavara, aseptic dressings ave akaratidza kuti akanaka kwazvo, nokuti kupindira kwokuputira mumufananidzo uyu hazviitike nokuda kwekugona kwekuita kuti ganda rive rakazara.
- Nyanzvi dzinotaurawo pamusoro pekudiwa kwekushandiswa kwekudzikisa hutachiona nehutano hwekuvhiringidzika kwepravenousous crystalloid uye colloidal solutions umo Prednisolone inowedzera. Panguva imwe chete, diuresis inomanikidzirwa inoitwa (nzira iyo yakakurumidza kubvisa urine kubva mumuviri inoita kuti kubviswa kwehupfu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvisingagadzikane zvehupenyu, zvirwere zvepachigoni, kusanganisira).
Anthrax - antibiotics
Etiotropic therapy yechirwere ipenicillin mishonga inorwisa anthrax, iyo inobatsira zvakasimba pathogen B. Anthracis. Semitemo, pakati pemishonga inonyanya kutaurwa:
- Penicillin (intramuscularly kwemazuva 7-8 pamutambo wezuva nezuva wemamiriyoni 12-24 mizana);
- Doxycycline (inowanzoita maitiro);
- Levofloxacin (500 mg kamwe kamwe zuva);
- Ciprofloxacin inonyanya kuoma maitiro (kaviri pazuva pazuva 400 mg).
Mumatambudziko akaoma, chirwere chinorwisa mabhakitiriya chinotarisirwa mukati memavhiki akawanda. Kune vanhu vave vachikurukurirana nevaya vanorwara neanthrax, vanofanirwa kugovera mwedzi miviri yekurapa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Pakati pemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya iyo Bacillus anthracis inonyanya kutarisa, zvinotevera (kunze kweizvo zvataurwa kare) zvinogona kutaurwa:
- Gatifloxacin;
- Chloramphenicol;
- Amoxicillin ;
- Ampicillin.
Serum pamusoro peanthrax
Antisibiotic immunoglobulin inosanganiswa mumatambudziko ekurapa maitiro muSiberia anthrax. Iine ma antibodies anodiwa kuti uchengetedze mabillioni, ane chirevo chekuti antibacterial action uye inobvisa zvakanaka chiito che anthrax toxin. Kusvika iye zvino, Antisiberian immunoglobulin ndiyo saruum inoshanda zvikuru.
Pamberi pekuiswa kweserum, sampuli dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoitwa kuti dzione kuti dhiyabhorosi yevanhu yakadini kune serum proteins (kuburikidza ne intradermal administration uye zvinotevera). Sirafu inorohwa kwete pakarepo, asi mukati meawa - ine nguva yemaminitsi gumi nemashanu (2-3 nguva) intramuscularly. Mushure maizvozvi, murwere anofanira kunge ari pasi pekutarisa kwechiremba kwenguva yakawanda.
Kudzivirira kweAnthrax
Sezvazvinozivikanwa, muSiberia chirwere chirwere chinopinda mumuviri wemunhu sechimiro chebhakitiriya re anthrax, saka zvakakosha kutora matanho makuru ekudzivirira, kunyanya, kune boka risina ngozi. Matanho ekudzivirira anoumbwa nehutano hwehutano uye hutano hunotarisirwa ku:
- nhoroondo yezviitiko izvo zviitiko zvezvirwere zvakadaro zvakaonekwa;
- kudzora mombe yekudyisa uye mamiriro avo;
- kunorapwa kwemhuka inogona kutakura utachiona;
- Kudzora mafuro uye zvipfuwo zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kana tikataura nezvekudzivirira, yakarongeka zvakananga mukuputika, inotevera:
- Hospitalization yemurwere ane chikonzero chokufungidzira anthrax. Kucherechedza murwere akadaro uye kurapwa kwake kunoitwa neboka rakasiyana rechiremba.
- Varwere vanorasikirwa chete mushure mokudzorera zvakakwana.
- Zvitunha zvevanhu vakafa neAnthrax hazvizaruri vanhu. Muzviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana, nzira yacho inoshandiswa nechiremba mukuru, inoteverwa nekudzivirira kusapera kwekamuri.
Inoculation kubva kune anthrax
Mushonga unorwisana neAnthrax unoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu apo munhu ane hukama hwepedyo nemhuka kwemazuva mazhinji nekuda kwebasa rehupenzi, anoshanda pane kuurawa, anosangana nezvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvemhuka zvakabva. Kune boka revanhu vakaratidzwa chirwere chinorwisana neanthrax, vanobatanidza avo vane kusangana nezvinhu zvakasvibiswa. Hemukisi inowanikwa panguva.
Zviratidzo zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvinosanganisira:
- radiation therapy;
- zvirwere zvinotapukira uye zvisingave zvinotapurika muforomu yakaoma;
- zvirwere zvinouraya zvirwere;
- endocrine zvirwere;
- kugamuchira glucocorticosteroids;
- zvirwere zvinowanzoitika zveganda uye zvinogadzikana;
- mimba uye lactation nguva;
- ava nemakore 14.