Izvo zvinowanzozivikanwa kuti masangano mana eropa akawanikwa. Kuve kweropa romunhu mumwe nomumwe kune rimwe kana rimwe rawo ndekwechiitiko chekuzvarwa uye chechigarire. Inonyanya kurongeka yeboka remaropa ndeye AB0 (a, b, zero). Kuumbwa kweropa kwakaoma zvikuru, asi masero matsvuku eropa anokosha pakusarudza boka reropa, pambramu yeiyo zviratidzo zvemasikirone - maantigen anogona kuvapo. Mazana antigeni ndeA uye B. R Rh factor (Rh) inonzi antigen (lipoprotein, protein) inogona kuwanikwawo muvupurupu ye red cell cells. Iyo inosanganisira antigens anopfuura 50, inonyanya kuva C, c, D, d, E, e, B. Sezvo zvichikosha kuziva kana chiri chakanaka kana chakaipa, zvinonzi nezvemaantigeni D uye d nekubatana kwavo apo mapuroteni anopiwa nhaka nevana kubva kuvabereki.
Kutsunga kweropa rudzi uye Rh factor
Kuti uzive boka reropa revanhu, tsvaga kana rine antigens A uye B:
- Kana pasina kana zvachose, izvi zvinoreva kuti ropa ndeyomuboka reI, iro rakasarudzwa "0".
- Kana antigen A aripo, iro ropa iri reboka rechipiri, rinosarudzwa se "A".
- Kana antigen B iripo pamusana memuviri, ropa iri ndeyeboka rechitatu uye rinosarudzwa "B".
- Kana ma antigen A neB aripo, ipapo ropa reboka IV rakasarudzwa se "AB".
Kuti uwane kuti Rh chii chii, unoda kuwana zvinotevera:
- Kana iyi proteinini-inofungidzirwa kuti munhu weHen factor ndeyechokwadi.
- Kana mapuroteni asina kuwanikwa - Rh factor haina kunaka.
Maererano nekutsvakurudza, inozivikanwa kuti vanenge 85% yevagari vepanyika vane Rh rakanaka.
Nzira yekuziva sei Rh factor uye boka reropa?
Izvi zvinoitika kuti munguva yehupenyu hwezivo yeboka reropa uye Rh chikonzero hachibatsiri. Zvisinei, kune mamiriro ezvinhu umo zvakakosha kuziva ruzivo urwu:
- vasati vasvika;
- vasati vawedzerwa ropa ;
- before organ transplantation;
- dzimwe nguva asati agadzirira kubata ;
- pavanotarisa nekucherechedza vakadzi vane pamuviri;
- Kuziva chirwere chehemolytic chechecheche idzva.
Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuongorora rh factor uye boka reropa.
Tsanangudzo yeboka iro ropa rayo ndeyekuriongorora maererano neAABO system. Kuti uone kuti boka reropa, zvakakosha kuziva kuti ma antigen A uye B varipo mumasero matsvuku eropa.Uye kuedzwa kunoitwa uchishandisa simba rehuta rine ma antibodies kune antigens A uye B. Ma antibodies kune antigen A anonzi anti-A uye anosarudzwa α (alpha), uye kuna B-anti-B uye akarondedzera β (beta). Apo dzimwe nzira dzinoitwa, hutachiona hwe erythrocyte hunoitika, hunonzi agglutination. Antigens A uye B dzinonzi agglitinogenes, uye antibodies α na β ndiwo agglutinins.
Kana agglutination (kubatisisa) ichiitika, Rh iyo yakanaka, kana isiri - isina.
Kuti uone kuti ndeupi rudzi rweropa, fanisa zvakananga masimba (α na β) uye antigens (A uye B), mune mamwe mashoko, 4 mapoka eropa anowanikwa pamusana pemakwikwi akasiyana-siyana e agglutinins uye agglitinogens.
Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekuongorora Rh blood:
- Taura nzira. Iyi ndiyo nzira huru yekuongorora - apo chiyero chekuyerera neropa samples hachina kupisa. Izvi zvinoda serum yepasi rose, yakakodzera kumapoka ese eropa.
- Gelatinous method. Sakanidza muchiyero chakaenzana ropa uye 10% gelatin solution.
- Zvimwe nzira. Dzidza naPetri ndiro.
- Nekubatsira kwepapain. Iyi tsanangudzo inowanikwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa kuti aone kufanana kusati kwaitika kuwedzerwa ropa.
Zviratidzo zvevanhu vane marudzi akasiyana eropa
Vanhu vane ropa rakanaka reRh, vakatsunga uye vanozvivimba.
Avo vane boka rechipiri reropa, uye Rh rakanaka, vanobatana, vanotaura, vanovhura, vane ushamwari, vanogona kuchinja.
Vanhu vane boka rechitatu ropa uye Rhesus positive vane tariro uye vanovhura, sezvinodiwa.
Neinechina rega rega uye rhesus imwe chete, vanhu vane unyoro uye munyoro, vane njere uye vasinganzwisisiki.