Chii chichava hupfumi hwenyika munyika, hunoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu. Chimwe chazvo ndeye hurongwa hwehupfumi hwakasarudzwa nehurumende. Inofadza nokuda kwehurumende ndiwo mutemo wehupfumi. Tinokumbira kuti tione kuti chii chinoita mutemo wehupfumi.
Ndeupi murairo wehupfumi?
Iko rudzi rwehupfumi hupikisana nehupfumi hwemashamba, uko kugadzirwa, mutengo, mari yekutsvaga inogamuchirwa nevatenzi vezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvavo, uye kwete maererano nekuronga kwevanhu vose. Murairo wehupfumi ihurongwa hwehupfumi umo hurumende inodzora hupfumi. Muhurongwa pamwe nayo, hurumende inoita zvisarudzo zvose pamusoro pekugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu nezvinhu.
Zviratidzo zvemauto emari
Hurumende yenyika imwe neimwe inofanira kunzwisisa chii chinoratidza hurumende yekuraira:
- Kuwedzeredza simba rehurumende pane zvehupfumi. Nyika inodzora zvakakwana kuve nekugadzirwa, kugoverana nekugoverana kwezvinhu.
- Zvirongwa zvakananga zvekugadzirwa kwemamwe michina zviri kuiswa.
- Kuwedzerwa kwepakati pekugadzira kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu (zvinodarika makumi mapfumbamwe zvemazana emabhizimisi masangano ehurumende).
- Kudzvinyirira kwemugadziri.
- Bureaucracy of the administrative apparatus.
- Kutungamirirwa kwechikamu chakakosha chezvinhu zvishoma zvinotarisirwa zvezvinodiwa zvemauto ehurumende.
- Low quality products.
- Kushandisa nzira dzekutungamirira dzemirairo, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu.
Iko kupi mutemo urombo huripo?
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti fomu yemutemo wehupfumi iripo muDemocratic People's Republic of Korea. Nyika yacho inotonga hukama hwehukama hwevanhu hunomirira zvinodiwa nevanhu vose. Simba nderavashandi uye vane njere. Pamusana pekuti hapana huwandu hwehupfumi munyika, nhoroondo yose pamusoro penyika yezvepfumi inyanzvi yekufungidzira kune dzimwe nyika. Mushure mekuvandudzwa mune zvekurima, mhuri dzebhizimisi dzakatanga kubuda pano. Nzvimbo yakakodzera yekushandiswa mune zvekurima inopfuura 20%.
Ndechipi musiyano pakati pemari yemisika uye mutemo?
Nyanzvi dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinoti mutemo wehupfumi uye hupfumi hwemakethe mune zvakawanda zvakasiyana:
- Manufacturing . Kana mutungamiri wehupfumi hunoisa zvaanoda uye unotsanangura kuti ndeyei uye kuti ndiani anofanira kubereka, musika unoedza kuti ugadzikane kuburikidza nhaurirano pakati pevose vatori vechikamu mukugadzirisa.
- Musoro . Nekuraira kwehupfumi, zvigadziriswa zvinotungamirirwa nehurumende, uye pasi pehupfumi hwemisika, mumaoko ebhizimisi rega.
- Zvinokurudzira zvinokura . Mutemo wenheyo yakagadzirirwa kuziva kuda kwe simba rinotonga, uye hupfumi hwemakethe hunoita kukwikwidzana.
- Kugadzira chisarudzo . Murayiridzo wehurongwa hauoni kuti zvakakosha kuverengera nevamwe, uye hupfumi hwematengesi hunotora matanho anotungamirira kuburikidza nekukurukurirana pakati pehurumende neshamwari.
- Mutengo . Iko mari yepamusika inopa hurumende yakagadziriswa yemitengo pamusana pekupa uye kuda. Kana iri yekufananidzira, inogona kuumbwa pamutengo wezvinhu zvakarambidzwa kuparadzirwa. Mutemo wenhepfenyuro yakasununguka inoumba mitengo.
Kubatsirwa uye kukanganisa kwehupfumi wemutemo
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti murairo wehutungamiri hwehupfumi hausi chete zvinokanganisa, asiwo zvinobatsira. Pakati pezvakanaka zvehuwandu hwehupfumi ndezvekugoneka kwekuvimba mune ramangwana nekuchengeteka kwehupfumi hwevanhu. Pakati pezvikanganiso ndezvishoma kudzvara kwebasa, sekuguma kwekusimudzira kufambisa kwehupfumi.
Raira hupfumi - zvinotsigira
Inogamuchirwa kuti irege kubhadhara zvinyorwa zvakadaro zvehupfumi wemutemo:
- Kutarisira kwakanaka chaizvo - kuvepo kwekushandisa kwehutungamiri hwekutonga. Uyu rudzi rwehupfumi maererano nemasimba hahuna kunaka.
- Murairo wehupfumi hunoumba hunyengeri hwekudzikama nekuchengeteka kwehupfumi hwevanhu, kuvimba mune ramangwana.
- Nzvimbo yakakwirira kwazvo yemitemo uye tsika dzakasimudzwa uye dzakachengetedzwa.
- Izvo zvinhu uye zvigadziri zvinowanikwa mune zvinonyanya kukosha.
- Basa rakavimbiswa rehuwandu hwevanhu - hapana chikonzero chokufunganya nezvehupenyu hwako uye remangwana revana.
Raira hupfumi - cons
Rudzi urwu rwehupfumi hune kukanganisa kwakawanda. Izvozvi ndezvokuderedza kwemutungamiri wekuraira:
- Iko kusanzwisisika kwemurairo-hutungamiri hwehurumende - hunogona kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kune chero shanduko, zvakaoma kugadzirisa kune humwe hunhu hwemamiriro ezvinhu epanzvimbo. Mhedzisiro ndiyo imwechete ye template inoswedera kugadzirisa matambudziko emari.
- Imhedfect labor labor relations.
- Kubudirira kwebasa rinobudirira pamusana pezvipingamupinyi zvekusimudzirwa kwehupfumi hwekutanga nekusava nechinangwa chekuita basa rinobudirira.
- Kusava nekugadzikana kwezvigadzirwa uye zvinhu zvekutengesa.
- Kuwira mumatengo ekusimudzirwa kwemupfumi, kupera kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye dambudziko rezvematongerwo enyika. Somugumisiro, kuvapo kwehurumende pachako kunogona kutyisidzirwa.
Nzira yekutengesa mumutungamiri wenyika
Nzira yekutengesa mumutambo uyu wehupfumi ndekugadziriswa kwemitengo yezvinhu zvakawanda pakati pehurumende nehurumende. Aya ndiwo maitiro emutungamiri wehupfumi. Chimwe chekubatsira kwayo nzira iyi kusavapo kwematambudziko uye kusimba kwakagadzikana kwehupfumi. Kukanganisa kwehutungamiri wehutungamiri mukusavhiringidza kwevakagadziri mukubudirira kwebasa ravo, kuderera kwekugadzirisa kwehupfumi hwenyika. Mukuwedzera, chimwe chezvipingamupinyi - kushaikwa kwese kwezvinhu uye kusachengetedzwa kwekufambira mberi kwesayenzi nekwenyanzvi.