Nzira yePCR (polymerase chain reaction) ndiyo "ndarama yepamusoro" yezvino DNA kuongororwa, nzira yakanyatsonaka ye molecular biology. Nzira yePCR inoshandiswa mukurapa, genetics, criminology nedzimwe minda. Inowanzobudirira uye inoshandiswa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwezvirwere zvakawanda zvinopararira.
Kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvinotapukira neCPR
Kuongorora kwePCR kunobvumira kuona kwete pathogen chete, asi kunyange imwe tsananguro yeDNA kunze kwenyika iri pasi pekutsvakurudza. Zvakaongororwa (biological) nyaya ndezvekuti: venous blood, epithelial cells uye chakavanzika chemuviri wechirwere, chirume, saliva, sputum nezvimwe zvipenyu zvekare. Zvinhu zvinodiwa zvehupenyu zvinotsanangurwa nehutachiona hwechirwere.
Nzira yePCR munguva yedu, hongu, inesimba rekuongororwa. Zvichida chinetso chega chekudzidza ndicho mutengo wayo wakakwirira.
Muzvirongwa zvezvirwere, kuvepo kunogona kutsanangurwa nemutemo wePCR:
- utachiona uye bhakitiriya pneumonia;
- tuberculosis;
- masero, rubella, parotitis;
- hutachiona hwehutachiona hwemhando dzose;
- salmonellosis, diphtheria;
- Helicobacteriosis uye zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwezvirwere;
- DHS (zvirwere zvepabonde): gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, syphilis, AIDS, genital herpes, gardnerellez nevamwe.
Dambudziko rekuongorora zvirwere zvepabonde uchishandisa nzira yePCR
Kusiyana nemadzitateguru ekuongorora, nzira yePCR inobvumira kuona zvirwere zvepabonde (zvirwere zvepabonde) kunyange kana zvirwere zvavo zvisipo zvachose. Nokuda kwekusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvehupenyu, vakadzi vanoputirwa epithelial masero emushonga wekervical, varume - kupora kwewarethra. Kana zvichidikanwa, nzira yePCR inoitisa chidzidzo cheropa rakazara.
Nokudaro, kuongorora zvirwere zvepabonde kushandisa nzira yePCR kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuziva:
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV);
- puras treponemus (causative agent syphilis);
- Herpes simplex virus uye cytomegalovirus;
- papillomavirus yevanhu (HPV);
- chlamydia, toxoplasm, mycoplasmas, ureaplasma nezvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde.
Kana kuongorora kwePCR kuchiitwa nenzira yakarurama, mikana yemigumisiro yakaipa inobviswa. Kusiyana, inotaura inofanira kuitwa nemunhu papillomavirus (HPV) uye kukosha kwepurogiramu yePCR yekuongororwa kwayo. Kusiyana ne-oncocytological smear, nzira yePCR inogona kugadzirisa rudzi rwakasiyana rweHIVV, kunyanya incogenic yayo 16 ne18, kuvapo kwaro kunopisidzira mukadzi ane chirwere chakakomba uye chinowanzova chinouraya sekenza yemukomana . Kuona panguva yakatarwa kwevecogenic ye HPV nenzira yePCR inowanzopa mukana wokudzivirira kukura kwekenza yemukomana.
Immunoenzyme analysis (ELISA) uye polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nzira: pluses uye minuses
Ndeipi nzira yekutsvaga iri nani: PCR kana ELISA? Mhinduro yakarurama kumubvunzo uyu haisipo, sezvo muzvinyorwa kuongororwa nekubatsirwa kwezvidzidzo zviviri kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Uye kakawanda nzira dzeIFA nePTSR dzinoshandiswa mune zvakaoma.
Iko kuongorora kwePCR kunokosha kuti uone chinokonzera causative agent yehutachiona, inogona kuonekwa pakarepo mushure moutachiona, pasinei nekushaikwa kwekuratidzwa kwechiratidzo chechirwere. Iyi nzira yakakosha yekuona zvirwere zvakavanzika uye zvisingagumi uye zvirwere.
Kusiyana netsika yePCR, nzira ye ELISA yakagadzirirwa kusaona iyo causative agent yehutachiona, asi maitiro ezvirwere zvemummviri zvechirwere ichi, kureva kuti, kuvepo nekuwanda kwezvirwere kune imwe pathogen. Zvichienderana nehutachiona hwezvirwere zvinotarirwa (IgM, IgA, IgG), danho rekuvandudzwa kwegadziriro inotapukira rinogona kugadziriswa.
Nzira mbiri uye PCR, uye ELISA vane kuvimba kwakasimba (100 ne90%, zvichienderana). Asi zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kuongorora kwe ELISA mune zvimwe zviitiko kunopa nhema dzakanaka (kana munhu akarwara nechimwe chirwere munguva yakapfuura) kana kuti nhema-zvisina (kana chirwere chacho chapfuura munguva pfupi yapfuura) chigumisiro.