Pane imwe nguva, "vana" vakaberekwa. Zvinosuruvarisa, mamiriro ekuberekwa kwevana vakadaro ari kuwedzera gore rose. Oligophrenia kana mune dzimwe nzira kusasha kwekuchenjera, nhasi inowanikwa mune 3% yevanhu vepasi rose. Vakomana vari munzvimbo yakakwirira yekutengesa kwekukura kwechirwere kupfuura vasikana 2: 1.
Oligophrenia - chii ichocho?
Oligophrenia ndeyekuzvarwa kana kuti akawana kukwana kusagadzikana kwepfungwa (dr.g. ὀλίγος - duku, duku, φρήν - mind). Kuora mwoyo kwepfungwa mumarudzi ose ezvirwere zvezvirwere (ICD-10) inonyorwa pasi pemisoro F 70-79. Nekutemwa kwemhepo, zvirongwa zvinoitika:
- kuderedza unyanzvi hunobuda mukugadzirwa kwevanhu ;
- kunonoka kwehuwandu hwekuchenjera (kugona, ruzivo rwemutauro, ruzivo rwemotokari, ruzhinji rwevanhu).
Ndechipi musiyano pakati peZPR ne oligophrenia?
Kutadza kwepfungwa (PPR) izwi rinowanzobatanidza humwe hupombwe mukuvandudzika kwepfungwa. Ndiani anonzi oligophrenic uye ndeapi kusiyana kwekusiyana kwemwana ane izvi kuongororwa kubva pakutambura ZPR:
- Oligophrenic yakaoma kudzidza, vana vane DZP vanogona kubudirira muzvikoro zvavo nehurongwa hwakasarudzwa hwakakodzera.
- Vana vane ZPP vanobvuma rubatsiro rwevamwe pavanoziva mabasa echidziro uye vanozoshandise mumashandisirwo emafungiro akafanana kana mabasa. Mu oligophrenia, kunyange huwandu hwakawanda hwebasa rimwe rebasa, kufanana kunoitika kune chiremba chisingaenzaniswi (zvichienderana nekuoma kwechirwere).
- Oligophrenia inokanganisa zvachose maitiro europi, neCRD inoratidzirwa nemasikisi (kutsika mune zvimwe zvinhu zvehuropi, uye kuchengetedzwa kwakakwana kwevamwe).
- CPR inonyanya kufanana nekusava nepfungwa, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa. Oligophrenia inyanzvi dysontogenesis.
- Vana vane PZD vane hanya nekudzidziswa kwakakwana vanogona kuva vagari vese vevanhu. Oligophrenics inowanzodikanwa kuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwevabereki kana nyika.
Zvinokonzera Oligophrenia
Oligophrenic = uyu ndiye munhu akawanikwa ane oligophrenia. Sei vana vakaberekerwa vane chirwere chakanyanya chepfungwa? Nyanzvi mumunda we genetics nepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinodana zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana:
- Genetic kusagadzikana: zvinokonzerwa uye zvinodzinga ma chromosomes (Down's syndrome), kuora kwemashoko ega ega (tsvina X-chromosome syndrome, autism, Rett syndrome).
- Kuchengetedza kwakadzika kwema fetus.
- Matambudziko anokonzerwa nemagetsi (phenylketonuria)
- Zvirwere zvakakomba zveamai panguva yekuzvitakura (chirwere, listeriosis, toxoplasmosis) uye kusvibiswa kwemakemikari, zvinhu zvinokanganisa (kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinokanganisa pfungwa, irradiation).
- Rhesus-kukakavara.
- Kuberekwa kwakaoma (fetal asphyxia, kukuvara kwekuberekwa, kushandiswa kwesimba).
- Kukuvara kweC Craniocerebral yemwana.
- Kusarudzwa mucheche uye achiri muduku, zvirwere zvakanyanya zvinopfurikidza neurotoxic effects pane central central nervous system (meningitis, meningoencephalitis).
- Kudzidzisa kusakanganiswa munguva dzese apo kune kukurumidza kukura kwekunzwisisa.
- Unclear etiology.
Oligophrenia - zviratidzo
Kana mwana wacho ari oligophrenic akaberekerwa mumhuri yakachengeteka, vabereki vane hanya vanoona kamwechete zvimwe zvinhu zvinotyisa. Nechirwere chemweya chinonyorova, imwe nguva yenguva inogona kupfuura, zvinoreva kurasikirwa nemikana yekugadziriswa. Nzira yekuziva oligophrenia pachigamba chekutanga - kune zvimwe zviratidzo zve oligophrenia zvichienderana nedhigirii:
- chimiro chisina kujairika cheehenya (microcephalus, ancephalus, hydrocephalus);
- flattened nose, upturned wide-set oblique eyes;
- epicanthus ("yechitatu eyelidhi");
- kuputsa kwehutano hwekutaura;
- kusagadzikana kwemashoko emupfungwa ;
- Multiorgan lesions;
- kushungurudza kwekuziva kubata.
Mhando dze oligophrenia
Nzira dzekubuda kweiligophrenia dzinotanga kusarudza chikwata kana zvipenyu izvo chirwere ichi chichave chakatorwa. Kune zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveiligophrenia:
- Primary (congenital) oligophrenia (genetic mutations).
- Secondary or acquired oligophrenia.
Chimwe chikamu che oligophrenia maererano neMS. Pevzner (mwana wepfungwa chepfungwa-defectologist), yakadzokororwa muna 1979:
- kusagadzikana (nyore);
- nekuputsa kwekuita kwekushushikana nekudzivirira;
- ine kuputsa mu analyzer system;
- pamwe nematongerwo emhando dzepfungwa dzepfungwa;
- uye ichitaura nezvekugadziriswa kwee frontal lobes.
Zvikamu zve oligophrenia
Kushungurudzika mune oligophrenia kunopfuurira zvichienderana nekuoma kwehutano uye zvakakamurwa kuva zvikamu:
- Kuzvidzivirira isiri nyore nyore ye oligophrenia. Gare gare, pakuenzanisa nevana vane hutano huri kubudirira kwekutaurirana, ruzivo rwemotokari, ruzivo rwekuziva, kutadza kutaura. Oligophrenia mumutsara wekugadzikana kunoratidzwa nezera pamakore 8-12. Vana vanodzidza mumasangano emhando chaiyo. Nhamba ye IQ iri 50-69.
- Kunyengera idireji yechiyero. Oligophrenic inokwanisa kugadzirisa munzvimbo inowanzozivikanwa, inogadzirisa inogutsa zvido zvepanyama. Kuwedzera libido uye kusaita zvepabonde, utsinye mukuzvibata. Yakapiwa mumhando mbiri: haina kuratidzirwa (inofananidzwa nemakore ekupfungwa kwemakore 6-9, IQ 35-49;) uye yakataura kusava nehanya (makore 3-6, IQ 20-34).
- Idiocy ndiyo inonyanya kukura, iyo iyo kuputsa kwakakomba kweuchenjeri (pasi pemakumi matatu, makore ekufunga mupfungwa 1-3 makore). Kudzidziswa hazvibviri. Nemhaka yekukuvadzwa kwakanyanya mumuviri, kazhinji haararami ne30, chete nekuchengetwa kwakakodzera.
Oligophrenia kurapa
Oligophrenia chirwere cheupenyu "hupenyu," kunze kwechirwere che phenylketonuria, ine nguva yakakodzera yekuongororwa uye kudya kwakakodzera, mwana anogona kutanga kukura kazhinji. Kurapa kwe oligophrenia kunonyatsosarudzwa nachiremba mumwechete uye chirwere chinoratidzira chinoratidzwa kuchengetedza nhengo dzinokosha uye zvirongwa.