Axiology inyanzvi yekukosha, saizi inokosha mufilosofi yakaonekwa muRussia muma1900 ekupedzisira. Vanhu vakagara vachinetseka pamusoro pekukosha kwehurongwa, nzvimbo yaro muhukama hwevanhu. Boka rega rega raive nemafungiro aro pamusoro pezvakanaka, zvakaipa uye chokwadi, izvi zvakaratidzwa mune zvakanyorwa nevasayendisiti vakawanda.
Chii chinonzi axiology?
Chii chinonzi axiology? Mhinduro yemubvunzo uyu yakagadzirwa nevazivi sezvizvi:
- nyaya dzine chokuita nehutano hwehutano;
- nzvimbo yehutsika munzanga;
- ukama hwavo muhutano uye-nekutarisa kwevanhu.
Nyaya huru yemafungiro ake eupfumi ekukosha yakagadzirwa naSocrates, achifunga kuti kukosha kwaiitwa kwakanaka uye kunobatsira. Masayendisiti eMiddle Ages akadana maitiro akadaro sekuzara kwekuva, kunaka uye kunaka. Mukududzirwa kwemazuva ano, axiology, sebazi refilosofi, rinoratidzwa apo kunzwisisa kwekuve kwakakamurwa kuva chechokwadi uye kukoshesa, semukana wekuzviziva, kuratidzira unyanzvi hwepfungwa dzako.
Chii chinonzi axiology muzivi?
Axiology muzivi ndiyo kutsvaga zvinoreva zvakanaka kune mumwe munhu, izvo zvinogona kuwanika bedzi kuburikidza neruzivo rwehutano hwemukati. Kwemakore akawanda, vazivi vezviitiko zvakasiyana vakaratidza maonero avo, nekuti muzana remakore roga roga maive nemitemo yavo yakakosha. Hakuna mumwe wevanhu vose, vanhu vakasiyana vanodana kwete maitiro akafanana eaanofunga kuti anokosha ivo pachavo. Masayendisiti anocherechedza zviratidzo izvi:
- Middle Ages. Chinhu chikuru chinokosha kutenda muna Mwari.
- 19-20 muzana - kunaka nekubatana.
Uye chete pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 masayendisiti akaedza kunzwisisa kuti munhu wese anoona sei nyika, kusvika pamwero iyi kunzwisisa kunopindura mukati uye kubudirira. Mafilosophers-axiologists anotarisa pamhando yakanakisisa, asi pasi pezvikamu zvakawanda, nokuti munhu mumwe nomumwe ane mazano ake, kunyange kune varume nevakadzi vanosiyana. Nokudaro, tiri kutaura nezvekubatanidza mafirosofi ekuyera.
Chii chinonzi axiology ye tsika?
Mukududzirwa kwemazuva ano, axiology, sedzidziso yemitemo, inobata nzvimbo inokosha mumutsika, iyo iyo pachayo inounganidza hutsika. Maererano neaxiological standards, tsika ndeyokuti:
- kushandiswa kwezvinangwa zvinokosha;
- nyika yezvinhu kuburikidza nepfungwa dzevanhu;
- zvinangwa zvinosarudza zviito nezviito, zvinokurudzirwa kwevanhu.
Chinangwa chekufungidzira ndekuchengetedza basa rinokosha rekukosha. Kukosha ndiko kukosha kwezvinhu zvenyika kune vanhu, uye hazvigadziri nezvinhu, asi nechinzvimbo chevanhu vemarudzi akasiyana. Runako hunobata munhu wese nenzira yake, zvichibva pane zvikamu zvakasiyana, asi hapachina zvinhu zvinowanikwa munyika iyo inokosha zvakakosha kune wese. Pane humwe hunokosha hunhu hunhu hwepabonde kana yezera, chimwe chinhu chinokosha kune vamwe vanhu chingave chisina kukosha kune mumwe.
Basa reaxiology
Nzira yekufungidzira inoshandiswa mune dzakawanda svesa, nokuti kukosha kweshoko ndiyo nheyo huru yezvimwe zvinhu. Inotsanangura chimiro chekuita kwevanhu, mitemo yehutsika, kukura kweinonaka uye pfungwa yekunaka. Nzira yekufungidzira inopa mukana:
- tsvaga nzira iyo inonyanya kukosha kune munhu;
- kusiyanisa kukosha kwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva muku kunzwisisa kwehupenyu.
Vatsvakurudzi vanosiyanisa mabasa matatu eesayenzi yakafanana seaxiology:
- Muchikoro-chinokurudzira mukugadzirisa kuita zvisarudzo zvinokosha.
- Mukudzidzisa - kudzidziswa kwetsika dzakanaka .
- Mukutsika, kuumbwa kwemitemo yakagamuchirwa.
Axiological approach in psychology
Nzira yekufungidzira mune zvepfungwa inowanzoshandiswa kuongorora zvakare tsika dzevanhu vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kazhinji, pakutanga, unhu hwakadaro hunoita zvisakarurama, uye kuitira kuti munhu anzwisise zvakajeka zvehupenyu uye hwemagariro evanhu, masayendisiti ezvepfungwa vanovimba netsika yeaxiological:
- Maitiro anoongororwa senzira yekukunda zvipingamupinyi zveupenyu;
- sarudza kugadzirisa kwezviito zvemunhu;
- kugadzirisa zvinangwa zveumwe munhu zveupenyu huri nani.
Iyo nzira yekutsvaga mukutenderera
Nzira yekufungidzira mune dzidzo inoumba humwe hunochengetedza nyika yefa, inovaka mutsara wekuita kwayo, uchifunga nezvemitemo yetsika nemafungiro. Kudzidzisa mugari chaiye anonzwisisa uye anoziva kukoshesa nhaka yake, vadzidzisi:
- kuisa mumuenzaniso wehupenyu hunoshamisa mune zvidzidzo zvekare uye mabhuku;
- kuronga zvirongwa zvepafirimu zvinobatsira mukudzidzira nyika mafirimu;
- kubata mhemberero dzemitambo;
- kudzidza mumakwikwi uye kushanya kwenhoroondo yenyika yavo;
- kukurudzira vana vekuchikoro kuunganidza mhuri yemiti.
Nzira yekufungidzira kune tsika
Itaxiology yemitemo inoparadzanisa hutano hune hukuru hwepamusoro hwakagadzirwa navasayenzi vezviitiko zvakasiyana, uye izvo zvinoramba zvichiratidzwa muhupenyu hwemweya:
- Kutenda kana Mwari.
- Zvakanaka.
- Runako.
- Ichokwadi.
Kukosha kunobatanidza nzira yekugadziriswa kwehupenyu hwevanhu, inokwevera iyo yekunamata mupfungwa nekuda kwevanhu. Nokudaro, axiological basa ndechokutsanangura kukoshesa semunhu anoziva munhu wese. Kune matanho matatu emitemo mukuzadzika kwehutsika:
- Wepasi . Maitiro emitemo aripo seanokosha.
- Specialized . Mitemo inogona kuzadzika mukuzvibata uye zviito.
- High-grade . Inonyanya kukoshesa munhu iyeye nemaonero ake kunyika.