A smear kubva kumudzimai inoreva maitiro anowanzoitwa gynecological procedures. Nenguva iyi chidzidzo chinobatsira kusimbisa kuumbwa kwe microflora yezvibereki zvepabonde kune vakadzi, kuti vazive avo vanokonzera zvirwere zvechirwere. Ngatimboongororai nzira yacho muchidimbu, tichareva zvinangwa uye zviito zvekuita kwayo, zviratidzo zvemaitiro.
Chii chinonzi swab kubva kumadzimai?
Vakadzi, avo vanotungamirirwa kune iyi yekudzidza kwenguva yekutanga, vanowanzoda kufarira mubvunzo weiyo gynecological smear inoratidza uye chii chiri kuitwa. Izvi zvinyoronyoro, kuongorora kwema laboratori inoratidzira zvinyorwa zve microflora mu urethra (urethra), mukadzi nemukati. Pakarepo nhengo dze urino-genital system yemukadzi inoratidzwa nemigumisiro yezvirwere zvepathogenic microorganisms.
Maererano nemigumisiro yechirongwa, chiremba anogona kutonga mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano hwekuberekwa, aone matambudziko aripo iye zvino mumatanho ekutanga, kana asingaratidziki kuchipatara. Pakuita smear, zvinotevera zviratidzo zvinoongororwa:
- nhamba ye leukocyte;
- nhamba ye epithelial cells;
- kuvapo kwelactobacilli;
- kuvapo kwepathogenic microflora (Trichomonas, gonococci, fungi).
Smear on the flora - how to prepare?
Kuita gynecological smear kwakaratidza chinangwa chechinangwa chekubereka, zvinodikamwa kutevera imwe nhamba yemitemo:
- Kusabatanidzwa pabonde kwemazuva matatu kusati kwaitwa.
- Usashandisa mishonga yemunharaunda yekurapa - kamu, vaginal suppositories.
- Kana mukadzi achishandisa shanduro - kwemazuva maviri asati atora swab stop procedures.
- 2-3 maawa vasati vadzidza, urini inorambidzwa.
- Nzira yacho inofanira kuitwa pakarepo pakarepo mushure mekubuda kwemwedzi pamwedzi - pazuva rechina-5 rekufamba.
Vanotora sei swab kubva kumudzimai?
A smear pamusoro pe microflora yemudzimai inotorwa nemudzimai wegynecologist. Mukadzi uyu ari pachigaro chevakadzi. Chiremba akanyatsotarisa girazi kuti awane rusvingo rwemadzimai. Nyaya inotorwa neyakachengetedzwa, spatu yakashata. Iyo nzira yacho pachayo haina kurwadza. Kunetseka kuduku kunonzwikwa nemusikana chete panguva yekuenzanisa.
Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nemukadzi zvinoshandiswa kune slide. Muenzaniso unowanikwa ku laboratory. Bhizi rinodzidzira microscopes smear, kuverenga nhamba yemarudzi ose emasero, kunyora maitiro ekuguma. Mugumisiro wegadziriro inogamuchirwa nemukadzi pazuva rimwe chete kana mumazuva mashomanana. Izvi zvinowanikwa nebasa reb laboratory, nhamba yezvidzidzo zvakatorwa kubva pane zvinyorwa.
Gynecological smear - zvinyorwa
Gynecological smear pamaruva, kudodha kwechimwe chete kunoitwa nechiremba, kunobatsira kutsanangura kuwanda kwehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvinobatsira kune zvirwere. Mukupedzisa, vanachiremba vanoshandisa mamwe mabhiizo echiLatin alphabet:
- V - yevakadzi. Nhamba dziri pedo netsamba iyi dzinoratidza zviri mukati mechikamu ichi chekubereka;
- C (chibereko) chibereko chechibereko. Nhamba dzinoratidza huwandu hwekuchinja kwehutachiona hwemakiriniki munzvimbo ino;
- U (urethra) ndiyo urethra.
Madzimai ane utano, lactobacilli chete uye masero ega ega eropa anowanikwa mune smear. Kokkovaya flora, erythrocytes, nhamba huru ye leukocytes inoratidza kuputira maitiro muhutano hwekubereka. Saka, kana trichomonads inowanika, vanachiremba vanoongorora "trichomoniasis", kuvapo kwegonococci chiratidzo chechirwere chakadai segonorrhea. Migumisiro yakadaro ndiyo chiratidzo chekuongorora zvakare.
Gynecological smear - chimiro
Kuongorora smear kubva kumudzimai, iyo yakarongeka yakaenzaniswa nevakadzi vose, vanachiremba vanocherechedza zvinotevera zviratidzo:
1. Leukocytes. Chimiro chemaukocyte mune gynecological smear ndeyotevera:
- mumudzimai - kusvika kumasero gumi mumunda wekuona;
- mutsipa - 0-30;
- urethra - kusvika kumakamuri mashanu mumunda wekuona microscope.
2. Epithelial cell - mumigumisiro mune zvese zvinoratidzwa zvinonyora "zvishoma". Nekuwedzera kwekukosha kwekutaura pamusoro pekuvhiringidza kwekuita, kushayikwa kunogona kuratidza kuderera kwemajeri eestrogen.
3. Mucus:
- vaginhi uye chibereko chemuviri - zvine mwero;
- urethra - asipo kana kuti zvishoma;
4. Gram-positive tsvimbo (gr. +):
- vagina - nhamba huru;
- chirevix - asipo;
- urethra - vasipo.
5. Gram-negative rods (gr.-) - havasipo kwose kwose. Kuvapo kunoratidzira vaginal dysbacteriosis, kuvhiringidza maitiro.
Leukocytes mune gynecological smear
Leukocytes iri mumadzimai ekudzivirira aripo mune imwe chete. Nekuwedzera kwakakura kwenhamba yemasero aya kusabatanidza kuvhiringidza kwenzira. Kuti zviongororwe zvakajeka, mamwe maitiro ekuongororwa anoitwa: ultrasound yemadutu maduku, kuongorora ropa uye urini, ropa rehomoni. Pakati pezvirwere zvinowanzoitika pakuwedzera kweeukocyte, zvakakosha kusiyanisa:
- kuropiti - iyo vaginal mucosa inopisa;
- cervicitis - cervical inflammation;
- urethritis - chirwere chekuvhiringidza mu urinary system;
- adnexitis - kuvhiringidza kwezvinyorwa;
- endometritis - chirwere chinoputira mubereki.
Ndezvipi "masero makuru" mune gynecological smear?
Kudzidza kwechirwere chechikadzi kunosanganisira kuverenga masheji makuru. Izwi iri rinoshandiswa kuratidza zvivako zvemagetsi epa flat epithelium. Pamusoro pezviso zvavo kazhinji zvinowanikwa zvidiki. Kakawanda kazhinji izvi zviduku zvishoma - gardnerelles. Vanotaura nezvemamiriro ezvinhu-pathogenic - nehana yakaderera haigoni kukonzera chirwere. Zvisinei, kutaridzika kwavo mune smear chiratidzo chechiremba kuti vawedzere kutsvakurudza. Nenzira iyi iyi yakagadzirirwa dysbacteriosis - kutyora kwehuwandu hwemakorikari anobatsira kusvika pathogenic.
Wands mu gynecological smear
Microscopically gynecological smear pamaruva, mubatsiri we laboratori anoverenga uye nhamba yematanda. Nheyo yehuwandu hwose hwezvivako zvemasero mu smear i-lactobacilli - Dodderlein's stick. Iyo inobatsira, inogadzira chirwere chepachiviri chemakirini. Kuderedza nhamba yavo kunoratidza dysbacteriosis inoda mishonga.
Dhigirio rehutsanana hwegynecological smear
Mushure mokunge smear pamiti kubva kumadzimai, vanachiremba mumhedziso vanoratidza chiyero chekunatswa kwevakadzi. Izwi rinoshandiswa kureva chiyero chehutano nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwe microflora. Kazhinji, chidzidzo ichi chinotumidzwa smear pamwero wekunatswa kwemukadzi. Kune zvidzhi 4:
- 1 degree - lactobacilli in the smear inogadzira huwandu hwese microorganisms, epithelial masero pamwe ne leukocyte zvisingabvipo, izvi zvinoshandiswa;
- 2 degree - mumunda wekuratidzwa kunogona kuonekwa bhurocha rimwe Gram-negative (infectious agents);
- 3 digita - smear inotorwa kubva kumudzimai, ine nhamba yakakura yebhakitiriya yepathogenic, kune zviratidzo zvezvirwere zvegynecological (pathological discharge nechinoshandiswa kushanduka, izwi, kuchenesa, kupisa);
- 4 degree - pathogenic microorganisms zvachose inoshandura lactobacilli inobatsira, pane leucocytes mumakamuri makuru, muenzaniso uyu unowanzopererwa nehutachiona hwezvirwere.