Chinhu chakadai chekudenga chiitiko sekudzivirira kwezuva kamwechete kamwe muhupenyu hwevanhu vose vakaona. Kunyangwe mune zvinyorwa zvekare, vanhu vakazvitaura, uye nhasi kamwe kamwe kana kaviri pagore pasi rose unogona kuona kusarura kana kukwana nguva. Eclipses inowanzoitika nguva dzose, kazhinji pane gore, uye kunyange mazuva chaiwo ezvinotevera anozivikanwa.
Chii chinonzi kupisa kwezuva?
Zvinhu zviri kunze zvakasarudzwa nenzira yakadai kuti mumvuri weumwe unogona kuwirirana mumwe. Mwedzi unoita kuti kupisa kwezuva kuvhare moto dhayi. Pano, nyika iri kuwana zvishoma uye yakajeka, yakaita sokuti kana manheru auya. Mhuka uye shiri dzinotya mumamiriro ezvinhu aya asinganzwisisiki, miti inodzima mashizha. Kunyange vanhu vaishandiswa kubata majee ezveredzi dzakafanana nemufaro mukuru, asi nekubudirira kwesayenzi zvose zvakawira munzvimbo.
Kuora kwezuva kunoitika sei?
Mwedzi uye zuva riri pamakwikwi akasiyana kubva pasi redu, saka vanhu vanoita sevanenge vakaenzana. Mumwedzi mutsva, apo mararamiro emitumbi miviri yepanyama inopindirana pane imwe nzvimbo, satara inopedza chiedza kumunhu anotarira pasi. Kupera kwezuva ndiyo mamiriro akajeka uye asingayeukwi mamiriro ekudenga, zvisinei kuti hazvibviri kuinakidza zvachose nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda:
- Bhuku redimming harina kupararira nemitemo yepasi, kwete kupfuura 200-270 km.
- Pamusana pokuti kubwinya kwemwedzi kwakawanda kudarika nyika, unogona kuona kuvhara kwezuva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika.
- Izvo zvinonzi "chikamu cherima" chinopedza maminitsi akawanda. Mushure mokudaro, shanduro inofamba ichienda, ichienderera mberi ichifambisa mumugwagwa wayo, uye chiedza zvakare "chinoshanda mumutambo wemagariro."
Kuora kwezuva kunoita sei?
Apo pasi satellite inoputika muviri wekudenga, wekupedzisira kubva pasi penyika inoita sechivara chine rima rine korona yakajeka pamativi. Moto unovharwa kune imwe, asi maduku maduku. Chiedza cheparera rinoratidzika kumativi ose. Izvi ndizvo zvikamu zvekunze zvemaodzanyemba kwemazuva, zvisingaonekwi panguva yakajairika. "Mashiripiti" mune imwe nguva, iwe unogona kungoitora kubva kune imwe nzvimbo. Uye chinangwa chekupisa kwezuva chiri mumumvuri uchiwa kubva pane satellite, iyo inovhara chiedza. Uyo ari munzvimbo inosviba anogona kuona kuve kwezuva rose, vamwe chete zvishoma kana kwete zvachose.
Kupera kwezuva kwenguva yakareba sei?
Zvichienderana nezvenharaunda, pane kune munhu anogona kuona nyika, anogona kuchengeta kupera kwemwedzi kubva pamaminitsi gumi kusvika ku15. Munguva ino, kune zvikamu zvitatu zvakagadziriswa zvekupera kwezuva:
- Kubva kurudyi rwechiedza kune Mwedzi.
- Inopfuurira kuburikidza nharaunda yayo, zvishoma nezvishoma ichivanza dhayi rinopfuta kubva kumuona.
- Iko kunouya nguva yakaoma zvikuru - apo satara yakavhara zvachose chiedza.
Mushure meizvozvo, Mwedzi unoenda, uchizarura muganhu weZuva. Izvo chiedza chinoparara uye chinova chiedza zvakare. Nguva yekupedzisira yekupedza kwezuva yakapfupika, inopedza mavhareji emaminetsi maviri. Nguva yakareba yakagadziriswa yechikamu chakazara munaJune 1973 yakatora 7.5 maminitsi. Uye kupera kwakapfupi kwakaonekwa muna 1986 muNorth Atlantic, apo mumvuri wakavhara dhiki kwechipiri chete.
Solar eclipse - marudzi
Icho geometry chechiitiko ichi chinoshamisa, uye kunaka kwayo kunokonzerwa nekufungidzira kunotevera: hupamhi hwemwenje hunopetwa ka 400 pane mwedzi, uye kane kane kubva ipapo kusvika kuNyika. Pasi pemamiriro akanaka, munhu anogona kuona "zvakanyatsojeka" kupera. Asi kana munhu akatarisa chimwe chinhu chakasiyana-siyana ari mu penumbra yemwedzi, iye akanyatsoputirwa. Pakazara, pane mitatu yezvisikwa:
- Zuva rose kupera kwezuva - kana chikamu chemafu chinowanikwa pasi pano chiri kuonekwa, moto diski yakavharwa zvachose uye kune korona yegoridhe.
- Pamwechete, apo mumvuri wakafukidzwa nechepakati pezuva.
- Kupera kwezuva kunopera - zvinokonzerwa kana pasi satellite iri kure kwazvo, uye paunotarisa nyeredzi, mhemberero yakajeka.
Inotyisa sei kupisa kwezuva?
Kupera kwezuva ndeye chiitiko icho kubva panguva yekare yakave ichikwezva uye inotyisa vanhu. Kuziva chimiro chayo, hapana chikonzero chekutya, asi kupera kwezuva kunotakura simba guru rinowanzoisa njodzi kuvanhu. Vanachiremba uye vanofunga nezvepfungwa vanofunga kuti zvinokonzerwa nezviitiko izvi pamuviri wevanhu, vachikakavadzana kuti vanhu vane hanya, vakwegura uye vane pamuviri, vari kunyanya kuoma. Mazuva matatu isati yasvika uye mazuva matatu apfuura, zvinetso zveutano zvakadai se:
- headaches;
- kudzvinyirira kunokwidza;
- kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvisingaperi.
Chii chisingagoni kuitwa muzuva rekupera kwezuva?
Kubva pane maonero ezvokurapa, kune ngozi zvikuru kutarisa zuva panguva yekupedza, nokuti zuva rinobudisa yakawanda ye ultraviolet (uye panguva yekupera kwemaziso hakudzivirirwi uye kunobvisa maitiro akaipisisa emishonga yeVV), ndicho chikonzero chezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zveziso. Vazivi venyeredzi vanotaura zvakare nezvekuguma kwekupera kwezuva pamusoro pehupenyu hwevanhu uye maitiro avo. Nyanzvi mundima iyi haitauri kutanga bhizimisi idzva panguva ino kuitira kuti udzivise kusakundikana, kutora pane chimwe chinhu chinyararire uye kuita zvisarudzo zvakaoma pane izvo zvichaitika zvakare. Nezvokuita mukupedza kwezuva hazvina kukodzera, tinokwanisa kusiyanisa:
- kudhakwa uye kushandisa zvinodhaka;
- kugadzirisa kusawirirana, sezvinoita vanhu vanowedzera kutsamwa;
- zvinorapwa zvirongwa;
- kubatanidzwa mukuita maitiro.
Izuva rinotevera rinopera zuva?
Munguva dzekare, nguva apo chiedza chinonyangarika mushure memwedzi disk, zvaisakwanisa kufanotaura. Mazuva ano, masayendisiti anodana mazuva chaiwo uye nzvimbo iyo zvakanakisisa kutarisa kubwinya kwezuva uye nguva yepamusoro-soro, apo mwedzi wose unovhara moto diski nemumvuri wawo. Karenda ye 2018 ndeyotevera:
- Pasi pekuda kuonekwa kunogona kuonekwa kuAntarctica, kumaodzanyemba kweArgentine neChile usiku hweFebruary 15, 2018.
- Musi waJuly 13, kumaodzanyemba kwemaodzanyemba (muAustralia, Oceania, Antarctica), kugadzirirwa zvishoma kwezuva kunogona kuonekwa. Chikamu chepamusoro chiri 06:02 muMoscow.
- Kupera kwezuva kwakanyanya kune vagari venyika yeRussia, Ukraine, Mongolia, China, Canada uye Scandinavia ichauya musi waAugust 11, 2018 pa12: 47.
Solar eclipse - zvinonakidza chokwadi
Kunyange vanhu vasinganzwisisi nyeredzi vanofarira: nguva yakawanda sei kupera kwezuva, chii chinobva kwavari, iyo nguva yakareba sei inoshamisa inopera. Zvakawanda pamusoro pake zvinozivikanwa kune vose uye hazvishamisi munhu. Asi kune mashoko anofadza pamusoro pekupera kwezuva, unozivikanwa kune vashomanana.
- Chengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu apo moto diski yakavanzika zvachose kubva mumaziso, mumhepo yose yezuva inogoneka chete paNyika.
- Pane imwe nguva yenyika inononoka inogona kuonekwa pavhareji kamwe kamwe nemakore 360.
- Nzvimbo yepamusoro yekuputika kweSuva nemwedzi mumvuri ndeye 80%.
- MuChina, yekutanga yakanyora kupera kwezuva yakawanikwa, izvo zvakaitika muna 1050 BC.
- VaChinese vekare vaidavira kuti kana kupera "imbwa yakabuda" inodya zuva. Vakatanga kurova madhiramu kuti vadzinga chigaro chekumatenga kubva kuchiedza. Aifanira kutya uye kudzorera zvinhu zvakabiwa kuenda kudenga.
- Apo pane kuvhara kwezuva, mumvuri wezuva unofamba uchienda pasi pePasi pamhanho huru-kusvika 2 km kwechipiri.
- Masayendisiti akaverenga: shure kwemamiriyoni mazana matanhatu makore ekupedzisira achapera zvachose, nokuti iyo satellite ichabva kure nenyika ichienda kure.