Mumvuri wehupfumi ndiyo pfungwa uye chinangwa chemumvuri wemari

Imisoro mikuru, mitemo yakasiyana-siyana uye makaro inoita kuti vanhu vaite bhizimisi ravo mumumvuri kuitira kuti vadzivise mitemo uye vawane zvinyorwa zvinoshamisa. Mumvuri bhizimusi unounza kurasikirwa kwakakura kuhupfumi hwehurumende uye zvakakosha kushanda nesimba rakaoma naro.

Chii chiri mumvuri wemari?

Mabasa anowedzera kusingatarisirwi uye kunze kwehuwandu hwematongerwo enyika anonzi mashizha emari. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinokuvadza kuonekwa kwayo. Icho chirevo uye chinangwa chemupfumi hwemumvuri wakadzidziswa kwemakore mazhinji, uye tsanangudzo nekudziviswa kwezvinhu zvisiri pamutemo chinhu chakakosha chekuzadza kwakakwana kwevanhu uye nyika. Iri izwi rakashandiswa muna 1970.

Mumvuri hupfumi hune hutano hwakasimba uye hune hutano hwepamutemo nehuwandu hwehupfumi hwehupfumi, uye hunoshandisawo mabasa ehurumende, somuenzaniso, kubasa kana hutano hwakasiyana-siyana. Basa rakadaro risingabvumirwi nemutemo rinobatsira kugamuchira pfuma yakawanda, iyo isingabhadharwi uye inongorongedzerwa padziri pfuma chete.

Mhando dzemumvuri wemari

Kune marudzi mazhinji emumvuri wehupfumi hunoita chimwe chimiro:

1. White-collar . Iyi sarudzo inoreva kuti kushanda kwepamutemo kwevanhu vari kuita basa rakarambidzwa, izvo zvinokonzera kuparadzirwa kwekupedzisira kwemari yenyika. Izwi remumvuri wehupfumi, rinoratidza kuti nyaya yezvinhu zvakadaro ndeyevanhu vanobva mubhizinesi rebhizimisi vane nzvimbo dzakakwirira. "Vakachena-collar vashandi" vanoshandisa nzvimbo yavo yepamutemo uye zvikanganiso zvepamutemo mumutemo. Kuti uite mhosva, teknolojia yemazuva ano inowanzoshandiswa.
2. Grey . Chimiro chemupfumi wemumvuri chinosanganisira rudzi rusina kujaira rwebhizimisi, ndiko kuti, kana basa richibvumirwa nemutemo, asi hazvina kunyorwa. Iko kunyanya bhizinesi duku riri kuitwa mukugadzira uye kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana nemasangano. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha.
3. Black . Uyu ndiwo hupfumi hwehutongerwo hwehutano hwakabatanidzwa, hunobatanidzwa nekugadzirwa uye kuparadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinorambidzwa nemutemo (kuparadza, zvombo, zvinodhaka).

Nzira nehutano hwemumvuri wemari

Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kuti basa rakavharidzirwa uye rakavanzika kubva munyika rinopesana nehupenyu hwomunhu hwehupenyu uye mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu venyika, asi vashomanana vanoziva kuti mumumvuri wehupfumi ane zvigaro zvayo sehupfumi hwehupfumi nehupfumi. Kana tikafananidza kubudirira uye kukanganisa kwebasa rakadaro, zvikanganiso zvakanyanyisa kupfuura chikamu.

Kukanganisa kwemumvuri wemari

Nyika dzakawanda dziri kushingaira kurwisa dambudziko iri, sezvo inoshungurudza zvakanyanya matanho mazhinji uye nekusimudzira kwevanhu.

1. Zvinotadzisa kukura kwehupfumi hwehurumende, semuenzaniso, GDP inoderera, kushaikwa kwemabasa kunowedzera, nezvimwe zvakadaro.
2. Nheyo dzehurumende dzinoderera, sezvo mabhizimusi anoshanda mumutemo asingabhadhara mitero.
3. Mari inoshandiswa mubhadharo inoderedzwa uye vashandi vebato rezvemari, vatori vehurumende uye mamwe mapoka evanhu vanogamuchira rubatsiro rwemagariro evanhu vanotambura neizvi.
4. Musungo wehupfumi hwemumvuri hunobatana nekuti iyo inokonzera kukura kwehuori, asi huori hunoita kuti kukurudzirwa kwezvinhu zvisiri pamutemo.

Zvimwe zvemumvuri wemari

Sezvatotaurwa, maitiro akanaka emabasa asingabvumirwi nemutemo mashoma, asi ndeaya:

1. Iyo migumisiro yakanaka yemumvuri wemari inokonzerwa nekuti mabasa akadaro anounza kushandiswa kumatare emutemo.
2. Icho chinhu chekugadzirisa maitiro emakwikwi akange aripo mune zvoupfumi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekugadziriswa kwezviwanikwa pakati pezvibvumirwe uye zvinorambidzwa.
3. Mumvuri wehupfumi hunofadza hunokonzera migumisiro yematambudziko emari apo pane kutyiswa kukuru kwevashandi vanogona kuwana nzvimbo munharaunda isina kurongwa.

Mumvuri hupfumi uye huori

Izvo zvatove zvataurwa kuti idzi pfungwa mbiri dzakabatana uye dzinonzi mazamu evanhu uye zvehupfumi. Icho chinokosha chemumvuri wemari uye uori zvakafanana mune zvinokonzera, zvinangwa nezvimwe zvinhu.

1. Basa risina mutemo rinogona kukura mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mapazi ose ehurumende uye hurumende yakaora.
2. Mabasa kunze kwemurairo anobatsira pakuumbwa kwehuori hukama munzvimbo dzose dzinobata hupenyu huri kubudirira.
3. Uori hunokonzera mabhizinesi asingabvumirwi nemutemo kuti ave mumumvuri, uye inogadzirawo hwaro hwekugadzira matanho matsva emabhizimisi emumvuri.
4. Idzidziso mbiri dzakataurwa ndeyedzimwe mari yemumwe.

Zvinokonzera mumvuri wemari

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera kuonekwa kwemabasa asina kukodzera zvinosanganisira:

1. Musoro wemitero . Kazhinji kuita bhizinesi hazvibatsiri, sezvo pfuma yose inobhadhara mitero.
2. High level ye bureaucracy . Achirondedzera zvikonzero zvemumvuri wemumvuri, munhu haagoni kukanganwa mhosva yekushandiswa kwehurumende yezvinhu zvose zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa nekuita bhizinesi.
3. Kupindira kwakanyanyisa kwehurumende . Vanhu vazhinji vanoita bhizimisi rezvemutemo vanonyunyuta kuti mutero wekutere unowanzotarisa kuongororwa, inogadzirisa mari uye nezvimwe zvakadaro.
4. Zvidhinho zviduku zvekutsvaga mabasa asina pamutemo . Izvo zvakanaka zvakagadziriswa kumunhu anoita zvinhu zvisina pamutemo, mumatambudziko akawanda, zvishoma kudarika zvaanowana.
5. Frequent crisis phenomena . Munguva yekuderera kwezvehupfumi, basa rezvemitemo rezvematongerwe enyika rinova risina maturo uye ipapo munhu wose anoedza kupinda mumumvuri.

Migumisiro yakaipa yemumvuri wemari

Bhizimisi risina mutemo chinhu chinoparadza chinokanganisa hupfumi hwose hwehurumende. Kuti unzwisise kuti nei mumvuri wepfumi hwakaipa, unoda kutarisa mhando yemigumisiro yakaipa.

1. Pane kuderedzwa kwebhajhini yehurumende, sezvo pasina mitero yakabviswa.
2. Pamusana pemigumisiro yekwereti nemari yezvemari, pane kuchinja kusina kunaka muhutano hwekubhadhara kwekubhadhara uye kukurudzira kwekuwedzera .
3. Migumisiro yemumvuri wemumvuri inobatanidzawo mune zvekunze mune zvezvemari, sezvo pane kusavimbika kune chikamu chevatengesi venyika.
4. Uori uye kushandiswa kwesimba zviri kukura zvikuru. Somugumisiro, hupfumi hwehupfumi hwenyika huri kuderera uye sangano rose rinotambura.
5. Misangano yakawanda pasi pevhu haitenderani nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza kuderedza mari uye mukushayikwa kwekubhadhara mari, iyo inokanganisa zvakanyanya nzvimbo yezvakatipoteredza.
6. Nemhaka yehupfumi hwemumvuri, kushanda kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunowedzera, sezvo mabhizimusi anorega kuteerera mitemo yebasa.

Nzira dzokurwisana nemumvuri wemari

Kurarama nemabasa asina kukodzera kwakaoma zvikuru, zvichipiwa mukana wekupararira. Kurwisana nemumvuri wemumvuri kunofanira kunge kwakakwana uye kutarisana nezvinhu zvakasiyana.

1. Kutakura kuchinja kwemutero wenyika iyo ichabatsira kubvisa chikamu chemari kubva mumumvuri.
2. Kusimbisa chirango kune vakuru vakuru vane uori.
3. Kuiswa kwezviyero zvekudzosa mari inotengeswa kubva kunyika uye kuumba iyo inofadza yekutsvaga kwekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze kuitira kuti kuvhara mari kubuda.
4. Tsanangudzo yemabhizimisi anoshanda pasi pevhu, nekuguma kwemabasa avo.
5. Kuwedzerwa kudzora pamusoro pemari inoyerera, izvo zvisingagoni kupa mukana wekutengesa zvakawanda.
6. Kuderedza kushandiswa kwebhizimisi nehurumende, somuenzaniso, kuderedza nhamba yevatariri vekutarisira nekuongorora.
7. Kurambidzwa kwekusagadziriswa kwekugadzirira uye kukwezva zvikwereti .
8. Kudzorerwa kwesimba mumatare uye mamwe masimba. Mitemo inofanira kusimbiswa.

Zvinyorwa zviri mumumvuri wemari

Mabhizimisi asingabvumirwi nemutemo anonyatsodzidza nevezvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvinokonzera kuwanikwa kwemabhuku akasiyana panyaya iyi.

1. "Mumvuri wehupfumi" Privalov K.V. Bhuku rekudzidzisa rinopa nzira itsva kune kududzirwa kwechirevo ichi. Munyori anodzidza dambudziko rekushanduka-shanduka uye nemigumisiro yakasiyana yebhizimisi risina mutemo
2. "Mamiriro ezvinhu ekubudirira kwehurumende pamumvuri wemari" L. Zakharova . Munyori anofarira kuti kurwa kunopesana nemumvuri wemari kuchiri kuenderera mberi, bhuku rinoteerera kune nzira dzakasiyana.