Sayenzi yemazuva ano ine mazana ezvigadzirwa zvekudzidza uye kuenzanisa nyika inotitenderedza. Kune nzira dzakasiyana nedzimwe nenyaya uye dzakakwana, rinotsanangura chero pfungwa. Kusarudzwa ndeimwe nzira yakadaro yenyika yose.
Chii chinonzi dichotomy?
Kunyatsosarudzwa ndeye chirevo chepakati nepakati, iyo inowanikwa mukuti nhengo imwe neimwe yevaviri haina zvinhu zvakajairika kune imwe. Izwi racho rakabva pamashoko maviri echiGiriki "mumatatu" uye "kupatsanurwa" uye inoshanda zvakasununguka mumhando dzakasiyana dzezivo. Mumathematics, mutauro uye sciences dzakafanana zvinoshandiswa kuparadzanisa zviyero zvakakura mudiki.
Izwi rinoshanda seizvi:
- Mhedziso yemutauro we "schoolboy" iri kutorwa.
- Boka rinosarudzwa, rakabatanidzwa nechiratidzo che "kukudza vadzidzi".
- Icho chinoramba chiri boka iro iyo nhengo isingatariswi - "isina kunaka".
- Vakanaka zvikuru vadzidzi vanogona kugoverwa pamutemo we "kutsvenesa nguva yose kudzidzo" uye "hazvipi zvidzidzo nguva dzose."
- "Haisi yakanakisisa" ichaparadzaniswa kutanga "zvakanaka" uye "kwete".
Uye zvakadaro kusvikira chibereko chaunoda chikawanikwa. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekusika marudzi ose ezvinyorwa, asi ichi ndicho chakanyanya kukanganisa. Boka rechipiri rinova rakajeka zvakare. Saka "haisi akakwirira", iyi ndiyo troika uye dvoechniki uye horoshisty. Kuti usvike pakubatana kwekupedzisira, inofanira kutungamira nhamba yakawanda yezvasarudzo.
Dichotomy in Psychology
Pamusoro pezvikamu zvose zvepfungwa, maitiro anoshanda uye anobereka zvibereko akawanikwa mumutemo we dichotomy mumagariro evanhu. Ichi chiito chechidiki chakasimuka pachitendero cheJung's typology. Musayendisiti akarondedzera humwe hutano hunokosha:
- kufunga;
- kunzwa;
- kunzwa;
- intuition.
Akazivisa mumwe nomumwe wavo kukosha kwekutaura, kutungamirirwa mukati make, kushandiswa. Kana kuti kuwedzera, kunotungamirirwa kunze. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kushandiswa kwekutsvaga kwakasiyana kuneyechikoro. Semuenzaniso, chokwadi chokuti intuition haisi kufunga, inongoreva izvozvi, pasina kupa chiitiko chinofungidzirwa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, apo kupatsanurwa nemutemo we "chinhu" uye "kwete chinhu" kunoitwa, kuongorora kuripo, zvisingaiti nemaune.
Dichotomy in Philosophy
Sezvakaitika mumagariro evanhu, kufanana kwemafirosofi inzira yekuparadzanisa pfungwa yakawanda mukusanzwisisana kwemashoko. Asi kana mune zvepfungwa dzepfungwa dzekufunga dichotomous inoshandiswa kutsanangurwa uye zvose maBhaibheri zvakaenzana, zvino mufilosofi kuburikidza nekupatsanurana kuita zvikamu zviviri paviri zvevadzivisi vanozivikanwa, kubva pane izvo zvakakosha kusarudza zvakasiyana zvakasiyana. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, iyi nzira yekufunga kwefilosofi yakatsoropodzwa zvakanyanya. Vamwe vanofunga vakatsanangura kuti dichotomy yekufunga uye kushorwa kwemashoko "nyaya" uye "chinhu" kunotungamirira kune zvakanyanyisa zvikamu zvekufunga.
Ndezvipi zvakashata zvezvakanaka nezvakaipa?
Chimwe chezvikamu zviviri zvakazivikanwa umo kusvibiswa kwaro kwakachena kunoratidzwa "kwakanaka" uye "zvakaipa." Mibvunzo inokosha inomuka painofunga nezvezvikamu zviviri:
- Chii chakanaka / chakaipa.
- Kuwirirana kwezvakanaka nezvakaipa.
- Kunogona kuva kune imwe isina imwe.
Kushandisa kupatsanurana uye kuratidza zvakanaka se "kwete zvakaipa" kana zvimwewo, vanofunga ipapo vakataura kuti imwe isina imwe haigoni. Izvi zvakava chikonzero chekudzikama kwetsika, ndiko kuti, nzvimbo iyo maererano nezvayo, kana kukwana kwechakaipa kusingadzivisiki, ngachive kushanda kubatsiro kweboka rimwe. Nheyo yakadaro yakateverwa, yakaitwa ropa rekuvandudza uye kusunungura hondo dzine utsinye.
MuAsia, kubva pakugadzirisa kwekutaura kwezvakanaka nezvakaipa, mafilosofi maviri akabva pakarepo. Prince Siddartha Gautama (gare gare Buddha) uye Chinese Chinese Tzu. MuBuddhism, pfungwa yekusarudzwa kwenyika yezvakanaka nezvakaipa uye kusarerekera maonero kune zvose zvinoitika zvinonyanya kukosha. Kuona kwakakwana kwemafungiro aya kunotungamirira kuvhenekeri uye kubuda kubva kumhepo ye samsara .
Lao Tzu akasika imwe rationalistic approach. Akatenda kuti chido chekuda kusika zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanaka sezvinobvira pakupedzisira zvinotungamirira ku kuwedzera kwehuipi, sezvo pasina chikonzero iye anopikisana naye haazovi pachena. Muchenjeri akakurudzira kuti arege kukurumidza kuwedzeresa uye kutungamirirwa mumabasa kuburikidza nechikonzero. Maitiro akareruka ekusiyanisa zvakanaka nezvakaipa zvinonyanya kuonekwa nechiratidzo che yin-yang (inoratidzika dichotomy yemweya umo izvo zvinhu zvinopindirana mukati).
Iko kunofadza kwehupenyu nerufu
Imwe mapoka evashori, ayo vanhu vave vachiziva kwenguva refu, upenyu uye rufu. Pano zvinhu zvose zvinopesana. Kana mutsara wekuti "zvakanaka zvose zvisati zvakaipa" haisi nguva dzose yechokwadi, saka zvakaoma kukakavadzana neshoko rokuti "zvose zvipenyu zvisingafi". Saka dambudziko guru rekutsvaga uku ndiko kusingaitiki. Kuti kuderedza kusatya kwekusagadzikana kwekuputsanurwa kwekuve, hupenyu hwehupenyu uye rufu mufilosofi nechitendero zvinoderera, zvinorasikirwa nekusagadzikana kwayo. Somuenzaniso, kuzivikanwa kwechiKristu, zvinoratidzika seizvi: "nokuti muviri wose zvinhu zvisiri upenyu upenyu, mweya hauna kufa."
Kutaura uye Dualism
Kuwirirana kwakangofanana nekunyengedza, nzira yekuparadzanisa zvose muzvikamu zviviri. Asi munyaya iyi zvinhu zvinotanga kuve zvakabatanidzwa, kwete kusagadzikana, uye kwete kuwirirana. Mune hutsika huno hwakafanana nemasangano evanhu vane dichotomy, avo vane maitiro epfungwa anokwana uye akaenzana. Chikoro chekutsanangurira dichotomy chinotarisana nehutsika hwehutsika - chirongwa chinonyatsoparadzanisa zvose muzvitubu zvezvakanaka nezvakaipa.
Kusarudzwa uye trichotomy
Trichotomy - imwe nzira yakafanana neyo dichotomy method yekuparadzanisa zvose muzvikamu. Kusiyana kukuru pakati pemitambo iyi ndechokuti kupatsana katatu kunobvumira kusangana kwezvinhu izvi pakati pavo pachavo. Chinhu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chinonzi trichotomous division ndiyo pfungwa yaMwari muChiKristu, inomiririrwa nezvinhu zvitatu kubva muUtatu Hutsvene.