Kuchengetedza kwakanaka kwemasamato pachena - chinhu chisinganzwisisiki kune munhu anogara achichengeta munda. Utamatisi zviri nyore kukura pamwe chete nechibage chinobereka chibage chiduku munenge gore rose, asi mutariri webindu anovimbiswa kuzvipa zvakanakisisa nezvibereko zvinonaka kunyange mumamiriro ekunze akaipa.
Tomato marudzi evhu rakavhurika
Mhando dzose dzeizvi tsika dzinogona kuenzaniswa maererano nemiganhu yakasiyana-siyana-nesimba rekukura, nekukura, nekukura kwechibereko. Kusarudza mbeu yemamatisi ekutarisira uye kukura panze, unofanira kuziva chaizvo chinangwa chaunoda kukohwa. Nokuchengetedza, maduku maduku uye madete, anokwanisa kuiswa nyore mune zvingaita, zvakanakisisa, zvemaladhi, tora maitiro ari kumusoro kwerwendo.
Determinant types. Rudzi urwu rwakakodzera vagari vomuzhizha, avo vanosarudza kutarisira tomato muvhu rakazaruka pasina mari yakakura uye urongwa hwe trellis. Bhasi rinotarisa rine maitiro akafanana, anokura zvishoma, yekutanga buds pane ma 6-8 mashizha. Mushure mokuumbwa kwezvikamu zvishoma zveplorescences, kukura mumunda kunomiswa. Kubatsirana kwema tomato-akadzikisa, ane chibereko chakanaka pakukohwa uye kudzoka kwevabereki kwezvibereko. Kukanganisa kwemarudzi - mashizha haatombovi nemhepo, ivo vanowanzorwara, ivo vakaderera kusvika kumatende matete muhomwe yakawanda.
Iyo yakanakisisa tomato yekurapa kwekunze kwechirevo chinogadzirisa:
- Oakwood,
- Chirabwe,
- Alpha,
- Valentine,
- Kuputika,
- Sanka,
- Volgogradsky 323,
- Bagheera F1,
- Linda F1,
- Rio Grande.
Indeterminate marudzi akasiyana uye hybrids. Kuchengetera tomate muvhu rakavhurika kunogona kuitwa munharaunda duku nekushandiswa kwe trellises kana matanda, kudyara murefu, mbeu dzinobereka dzezvirimwa. Iyi nzira inobatsira kuwana zvibereko zvakakwirira, kubvisa michero kubva pamakwenzi kusvika kune chisvini, nokuti kusaguma kunoreva kukura kusingagumi kwemashoko. Masango anopinda fruiting gare gare, achiumba buds kwete pamberi pemashizha manomwe.
Ubatsiro hwetamisi husingagumi - kubudiswa kubva mumasango kune dzimwe nguva dzakapfuura, nhamba yemabhurushe inosvika 50, tomato inenge yakajeka, uye yakareba michero inobereka. Kukanganisa kwemhando dzakakura - mbeu yekutanga inowanikwa anenge mwedzi gare gare pane maitiro akaoma, munzvimbo dzinotonhora, kutarisira tomate muvhu rakavhurika kunogona kukonzera zvinetso nekuda kwechinguvana.
Iyo yakanyanya kunakirwa tomate:
- Mwoyo wenzombe,
- Mambo ane orange,
- The Golden Queen,
- Veja,
- De-Barao,
- Hybrid Tarasenko,
- Bogatyr Maslova,
- Crimson Ozharovsky,
- Watermelon,
- Verlioq F1,
- Tsvuku tsvuku mustang.
Nzira yekuchengetera sei matata muvhu rakazaruka?
Mushure mokuwana mbeu yemamatisi, kukura uye kutarisirwa muvhu rakavhurika kutanga nekuwana michero yakanaka. Mamiriro ekudziya, vanhu vanowanzoita kudyara kwemasamati zvakananga muvhu, kurasikirwa nenguva inokosha uye mukana wekuwana zvigadzirwa zvavo zvekare. Kazhinji muhafu yechipiri yezhizha kune zvirwere zvezvirwere zvefungal, izvo zvisingabvumirwi kugamuchira michero yakanakisisa kusvika pakupera kwemwaka. Kuva nembeu panguva yekudyara nezera kubva pamazuva makumi mashanu, iwe uchakwanisa kukwikwidzana nemusika uye kudzivisa matambudziko mazhinji.
Kukura miche yematamatisi evhu rakavhurika kunogona kubudiswa pabhandi kana loggia, pawindo rewindo, mumunda wezvimiti mumiti yezvokugadzira zvisikwa, mumasitoro. Kuchengeta mbeu mumunda kusina kukodzera kuUkraine, North Caucasus, South yekuRussia. Basa iri rinoda kutonhora kwemasikati kunze kwehwindo ye-15 ° C, pasina chishuwo chikuru. Paunenge uri kukura muimba unofanirwa kuumba zvakanaka chiedza chezvirimwa, kune matambudziko nemiti inotonhora, apo iwe unotofanira kuvadzidzira zvishoma nezvishoma kune zuva rakazaruka.
Icho chitonho chei tomato inomira munzvimbo yakazaruka?
Kuita tomato, usakanganwa kuti tiri kutarisana nemutambo we thermophilic. Kuchengetedza utamatisi pamamiriro ekutadza kusingafungi, kunyange kutonhora kwenguva refu kusvika ku1 ° C yemhepo kunokonzera kukuvara uye rufu rwekudyara. Mhando dzakawanda dzinotonhora dzinopukunyuka dzinopera nechando chisingapfuuri 3 ° C mumatambudziko akasiyana apo kune mhepo isina mvura. Mazai aya anonyanya kutemwa pamusana wekushisa kwe 22-25 ° C, tomate inokura zvakanyanya nokukurumidza pamhepo yekupisa ye 20-24 ° C.
Kutarisira tomate mushure mekudyara
Kuchenesa miche, kutonhora kunopera zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika 10-15 ° C, pavanenge vachiita kuti vashandise zuva rakajeka. Zvibereko zvakakosha zvirimwa zvine maruva akawanda emaruva. Kana mamiriro ekunze asina kubvumira mbesa kuti dzadyarwa munguva, mbeu dzakaderera dzichiwedzera mumakomba pa 3/4 ekukwirira kwechigadziro, zvichikurudzira kukura kwemimwe midzi. Kuchengetera mbeu mbatatisi pamatambo ekutanga ndekudiridza, kusunungura pasi, kutanga kwekuumbwa kwegwenzi nekubvisa matanho akawanda.
Dhu rakaoma rinofanira kusununguka nguva dzose mavhiki maviri ekutanga mushure mekuuya. Mukutarisira tamatisi muvhu rakavhurika haigoni kuita pasina kukwira, iyo nzira inowedzera midzi yekuumbwa, inobatsira kuzadza pasi nemhepo yakakisi. Nguva yokutanga tinodyara mbeu mazuva gumi mushure mekudyara ,zve - mushure memazuva makumi maviri. Kuti zvive nani, kukwirira kunotangira nekudiridza kwakanaka kwemasango.
Kunwisa nyanya muvhu rakavhurika
Mune mubvunzo wekudiridza tomato munzvimbo yakazaruka, kuverenga huwandu hwemvura inoshandiswa nemiti. Nguva yakaipisisa-nguva yekuisa nekudururira michero, mukupisa inopera kana kukura duku. Nzira yakanakisisa - kunyura kunwisa. Mukusabvira kwegadziriro ino, tinoshandisa kugovera kwemvura mumigero, pasi pegwenzi, pasina kunyorova mashizha. Iyo inofadza yekudiridza manheru, kusununguka kunotevera kunoparadza kukanda.
Chii chingafudza tomato muvhu rakazaruka?
Mafuta anogadzirwa kanenge katatu kana mana muzhizha, zvakakosha kuita izvi mushure mezuva gumi nemaviri panguva yekukura. Utamatisi ane kupfeka kwepamusoro uye kutarisira munzvimbo yakazaruka maererano nemitemo yekurima inobereka zvibereko zvakakura uye zvishoma kurwara. Misi yezviitiko izvi inosanganiswa nenguva yakakosha yekubudirira kwemasango, zvichibatsira kukurudzira maruva kana kukura kwezvibereko. Kudiridza nemvura yakaoma yakasimwa kunoitwa maererano nemirairo yomugadziri (Ideal, Growth-Concentrate nevamwe) kana kupererwa kwemazuva matatu emadonho embeu pamusana we1:15.
Apo mbatya yepamusoro yetiyamato yakaitwa:
- Nguva yokutanga yatinodya - mazuva makumi maviri mushure mekudyara mbeu muvhu rakavhurika.
- Chipiri chekudya chiri nekutanga kwekuvhara bud.
- Kushandiswa kwechitatu kwezvibereko - nekuputswa kwebhurobhu yechitatu.
- Chechina chekudya kunotevera mazuva 14.
Nzira yekuchengetedza sei matamato akaoma?
Superdeterminant tomate haitariswi maitiro ekugadzira, uye zvinogadzirisa zvakasiyana muzhinji zvinowanikwa pasi pasynkovaniyu . Nekutarisira kwakakodzera tomate muvhu rakazaruka, zvisarudzo zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa. Nyaya yekutanga ndeyekugadzirirwa mune imwe tsanga musati wapera kuwedzera kwekukura. Chisarudzo chechipiri - siya imwe kana maviri ematanho, iyo inoumba rimwe bhururu remaruva. Dzimwe nguva, pane pfuti huru, 5 inflorescences yakaiswa, uye iyo inobviswa, ichienderera mberi kugadzira gwenzi rine rubatsiro rwekukura kunokura kubva kune rimwe jasi riri kumusoro redu.
Kuchengeta tete tete takura
Mukuwedzera pakasunga tsvina, kutarisira tomato kunosanganisira kugadzirwa kwemiti. Nokuda kwemhando yakakura kusvika pamamita maviri nekuwedzera, kukurudzirwa mune imwe tsanga yakakodzera, apo zvese zvinowanzobuda. Paunenge uumba mumapapiro maviri, mwana wemwana wokurera uye anotema, akaumbwa pasi pebhurosi yekutanga nemashizha, akasara. Muchiitiko ichi, kusvika ku 4 inflorescences yasara pamutsara mukuru, kumucheche wechipiri mwana wechipiri. 3. Patinenge taita matanho matatu, tinowana gwenzi rine simba rinoumba stem yakakura uye vana vaviri vanocheka vaduku. Pamusoro pezvipfumbu zvekare tinobva pa 2 mabhuruku, pamusoro - 3 inflorescences.
Pasynkovanie tomato muvhu rakavhurika
Mukuchengetwa kwemasamato, pasynaking ndiyo inonyanya kukosha, maitiro asingakoshi anoshatisa muti, achitora juisi ivo pachavo, izvo zvinokonzera kuonekwa kwezvibereko zviduku zvisingasviki. Edza kuti usabvisa rutivi rutsva nesimba, asi kuvhuna neminwe yako, uchivanyengedza. Tinochera mazaya akasviba nebanga kana tsanga. Iyo nzira inoitwa mangwanani, kwezuva zuva hemp inopera. Utano hwakanaka hunofamba mukutanga, zvinotyisa zvinorega kana pasynkovanie pavari kuita rimwe zuva.
Kusapinda tomate - kutarisira
Iri boka remasamato rinosanganisira kuderera-siyana-siyana uye hybrids ne-ultra-kutanga kukura kwemazuva kusvika nemazuva 95, kusanganisira Dubok, Gnome, Nevsky, Snowdrop, Miracle yeSiberia, Watercolor, Ishe, Vityaz. Mune bhizinesi, maitiro ekutarisira matamato ezvisikwa zvisingaiti, hapana matanho. Zvibereko zviri pazviri zvinogadzirwa zvakakwana pamari yemashizha asingasviki, uye muti muduku wacho pachawo wakasimba uye haudi gara. Nzira huru dzehutano tekombiji yezvirimwa izvi mumunda ndeyekurapa zvirwere, kukwira, kunwisa, kusunungura ivhu.
Garter iyo tomato muvhu rakavhurika
Nokuda kwegarta, twine uye chigadzirwa chechigadziko chakagurwa muzvipfeko, musungiri wemazambiringa, akakodzera. Hazvikurudzirwi kushandisa mushonga wekubata kana tambo yakaonda. Kudyara zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasitamende akareba mumunda, ronga kuti ungatarisira sei matsime munguva yakanaka. Mhemberero dzakakodzerwa nemasango makuru-kati, kureba kwerutsigiro rwakadaro kunofanira kupfuuridza kukwirira kwemuti. Tall tomato inoda trellis kana matanda 2-2.5 m kureba. Pamibhedha yekusingaperi yemamatisi, vamwe varimi vemiriwo vanovaka zvivako zvesimbi nemapuranga muchimiro chesero rakasimba kana chimiro chakaoma.
Kuchengetedza Kubwinya kweTomato
Mukuwedzera, kusvibisa kunotarisirwa mumagetsi, pavhu rakavhurwa nebasa iri rinosangana nezvipembenene nemhepo, pamwezve, matata anozivikanwa pakuzvitsvaira. Iwe unogona kubatsira bwenzi, nekunyorovesa zvinyoro zvinoputika nemaruva anoputika ne periodicity kwemazuva matatu. Kune tomato muvhu, pane zvakavanzika zvekutarisirwa izvo zvinofananidza kubatana kwezvibereko. Inowedzera zvibereko zvekusira mbeu zvigadziriswa zvakakosha panguva yekuumbwa kwemabhushi, "Buton", "Ovary", succinic acid, dzakasiyana-siyana fertilizer ne microelements dzakaratidza kuti dzakanaka.
Matenda eTomato muvhu rakavhurika
Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvikuru zvinopisa tomate mukuchengetedza zvirwere zvehutachiona uye fungal kubva. Utamatisi anotambura nekunonoka , kuvhuta, necrosis, alternaria, bvudzi rakabhururuka, patchiness, kupera kwezvibereko, mosaic, mamwe matambudziko. Shanduko muhuvara wemashizha, shrinkage yemashizha, kuumbwa kwemavara - zviratidzo zvekuparara kwekutanga. Mukudzivirirwa kwetamatisi, basa guru rinoitwa nemishonga inodzivirira. Kunyatsocherechedza nguva yekumirira mushure mekupura, panguva yekuibva kwemasamati inoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvehupenyu.
Nzira huru yekurwisa zvirwere zvefungal:
- Kurumidza,
- Ridomil,
- Barrier,
- The screen,
- Phytosporin,
- Bordeaux kusanganiswa,
- Copper chloride,
- Horus,
- Zineb.