Astigmatism imwe yezvirwere zvakaoma zvikuru mukugadzirisa kukanganisa kwemaono, uye panguva imwechete ndiyo inowanzosiyana pakati pemapoka evanhu.
Astigmatism inogona kusanganiswa ne myopia uye hyperopia, uye iyo inogamuchirwa mumatambudziko akawanda inogadziriswa nekubatsira kwegirasi dzakasvibirira, lenzi iyo inobhadhara maziso anooneka.
Kana iwe ukashandura zvinoreva izwi rokuti "astigmatism" kubva muchiLatini, hazvisi zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvinorevei nekusavapo kwenzvimbo. Nokuda kwechigadzirisa chisina kunaka chekromaa kana lens, kubwinya kwavo kunovhiringidzika, uye mufananidzo unoguma unonzwisiswa sewakakanganisa.
Pfungwa dzeastigmatism haisi nyore kutora, nokuti munhu haakwanisi kuona zvinhu zviviri zviri kure nekure kure, uye zvinowanzoitika kuti pamatambudziko maviri maviri akasiyana-siyana egirazi anodiwa.
Nokuti nhasi pane izvo zvinonzi zvinopfurikidza - zvinyorwa zvinokonzera magirazi, izvo zvinosanganisira mabasa maviri - kururamisa maonero kwemyopia uye nekuona zviri mberi.
Ungasarudza sei magirazi neastigmatism?
Kwenguva yokutanga pfungwa yekubatanidza miviri yemarangi yakasvika kuna Benjamin Franklin, uyo akanga aneta nekuchinja maviri maviri egirazi. Muna 1780 akatora lenzi mbiri dzakasiyana-siyana kubva kure uye pedo, akadzicheka ndokudziisa muhomwe. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yakanga ichichengeterwa lens yekutarisa mberi, uye kubva pasi kune myopia . Iyi yakanga iri nhanho itsva mune ophthalmology - zvino vanhu vane mukana wekushandisa girazi rimwechete kugadzirisa matambudziko maviri kamwechete. Zvechokwadi, kubva muna 1780 mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja zvishoma, uye magirazi ave akavandudzwa, asi pfungwa chaiyo yeBenjamin yakaramba iine nzvimbo inotungamira pakusikwa kwezviputi.
Kusarudzwa kwegirazi neastigmatism haisi basa rakanyanyisa, kuitira kuti kubudirire kubudirira kwezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvinofanira kuverengwa:
- zera remurwere;
- degree of astigmatism;
- kuonekwa kwevamwe kwemarenda nekururamiswa kwezvidimbu zvakasiyana.
Munguva iyi, vanachiremba vakawana kuti varwere vane astigmatism vanogona kuoma zvakaoma kutakura masikirwo ekugadzirisa - vane musoro, chizivo, uye marwadzo mumaziso. Mukuru mukuru murwere, zvinowedzera kuti magirasi e-bifocal anoputika achaunza kusagadzikana.
Nokudaro, nokuda kwekutanga murwere anopiwa kupfeka magirasi asingagoni kururamisa zvachose chiono, uye mushure mekunge mwedzi mishomanana ivo vanotaura kuisa "simba" lenzi iyo inobhadhara zvikanganiso zvekuona 100%.
Ne "magirazi akakomba ane astigmatism," vanachiremba vanonzwisisa lens nemusana asina kuvhenganiswa. Sezvo iyo cornea uye lens zvisinganzwisisiki muchirwere ichi, kuitira kuti kuve nekusimudzira kuona kwechifananidzo, unoda kuita lense yakakosha iyo ichabhadhara iyo yakaremara. Ne-astigmatism iri nyore, lens iri yakafanana nehova, kwete sphere -
Kururamiswa kweastigmatism iri nyore
Rimwe lenzi rinoshandiswa kugadzirisa maitiro ekutsvaga maitiro, umo kuregererwa kunovhiringidzwa chete mune imwe meridian, uye zvichienderana neizvi, zvinogona kuunganidza kana kuparadzira. A llindrical lens haina kufanana nemigumisiro yayo kune inowanzo spherical lens, nokuti haibvumiri majekesheni akajeka anowira zvakaenzana nehesi yacho. Nezvo, chete mairi anowira pasi anoenderana neaxis anoputirwa.
Kugadziriswa kwe-astigmatism yakaoma
Neastigmatism yakasanganiswa kana yakaoma, mavhenisi emagetsi anoshandiswa, ayo mairi emagetsi uye machena mairi anosanganiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, imwe neimwe yemirairo yekudzivisa (iyo yakasiyana) inobvumirana nayo.