Mazino akarasika nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana kwete kungoparadza chete kusemwe, asiwo anokonzera mamwe matambudziko akawanda: kuwedzera mutoro kumazino akasara, kushandura kuruma, kuwedzera diction, kushungurudzwa kwekudya, uye nezvimwewo. Nzira yemazuva ano yekudzorerwa kwemazino ndiyo kuiswa kwemazino, izvo zvichange zvichitariswa pasi apa.
Kuiswa kwemeno - zviratidzo uye zvinopesana
Kugadzirwa kwemazino ndiko kupindira kwekuvhiya kunobvumira kutsvaga mazino asina kurasika nekuisa simbi inogadziriswa mumasumbu akawanda anowanzoita basa rezino rezino uye korona yakagadzirirwa pairi. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa zvakagadzirisa zvakarurama zvakafanana zino uye inoita mabasa ose akakodzera. Kuiswa kwemeno kunotevera:
- yakakwana kana yakasarudzwa pamusana pekurasikirwa kwemeno kana kuberekwa kwemaitiro;
- zvirwere zvinotungamirira kusunungura mazino, kunyengera kwavo nekurasikirwa kwemeno;
- kushayikwa kwekugona kwekuisa nekupfeka zvipfeko zvekusingaperi;
- zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingaoneki zvekuita.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vamwe varwere rudzi urwu rwekutsvaga mazino akaora, iyo inoratidzira, inogona kunge isina kukodzera nekuda kwekukanganisa nekupikisa. Mukuwedzera, pane dzimwe nguva kune chido chekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekudzorera jaya bone, kana nguva yakawanda yapfuura kubva kurasikirwa kwezino, uye pfupa rave neine nguva yekurova. Ngationgororei, mune zviitiko zvipi kuisa mazino kuti aite iyo hazvigoneke:
- chirwere chakakomba chepumusoro uye yemwoyo;
- zvirwere zvezvirwere zvemuviri;
- kukanganisika kwepfungwa;
- kuora ropa;
- zvirwere zverheumatic zvezvibatanidza;
- tuberculosis muchikamu chakaoma chechikoro;
- chirwere chekubatana kwemukatikati;
- zvirwere zvepachikafu;
- chirwere cheshuga mellitus;
- osteoporosis ;
- zvirwere zvakanyanya zvinopfurikidza zvemukati cavity;
- pamuviri, nguva yekuyamwisa.
Mhando dzekuiswa kwemeno
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekugadziriswa kwemishonga yemeno, imwe neimwe inoratidzwa nezvinokosha, zvinyorwa uye minuses. Iyi ndiyo yakashambadza, yakashambadza , imwe nzira yekuita, kuiswa kwemeno mairi pane 4. Ndeapi mazino ekugadzirisa zvakanakisisa kune murwere munyaya imwe neimwe, chiremba achakwanisa kusarudza, aongorora uye anodiwa kuongororwa maitiro.
Chikoro chemazino chinogadzirwa
Inyanzvi yeklasi yakashandiswa kubvira kuma1980, inonyatsoshanda uye ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa rudzi rwekushandiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, munhu haakwanisi kutarisira mhinduro inokurumidza, sezvo nzira yacho inowanikwa mumatanho maviri: kuiswa kwekuiswa mumapfupa emapfupa uye prosthetics. Nguva iyo iri pakati pezvikwiriso izvi inogona kubva kune imwe kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu, zvichienderana nekukura kwe engraftment.
Mukuwedzera, vasati vadzidza ma prostheses emazino pazvidimbu, chivakwa chinokosha chinogadzirwa pakugadzirwa kwegamu uye mhete yacho inosungirirwa - chinhu chinobatanidza pakati pekuisa uye korona . Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chemuitiro ndechokuti inogona kushandiswa chete kwemwedzi 1.5-3 mushure mekurasikirwa kwezino, mushure mokunge wapora kuporesa kwechekeri.
Zvinobatsira zveklasiki yeklasiki:
- muviri uri nyore kuenderana nekugadziriswa kwegadziriro kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwepakati;
- kutendeseka kunamatira mune mapfupa emapfupa;
- mukana wekudzorera mazino ose munyaya dzakatevedzana, kugadzirisa kuisa bhiriji yemakona akawanda.
Cons:
- nguva refu yekurapa;
- dambudziko rekuoneka kusina kunaka kwegamu;
- imwe yakaoma pashure pokushanda kwenguva.
Basal implantation yemeno
Kusiyana netsika yeklasi, umo maimiriro akakuvadzwa mukati mekunyura kwechifuva chefupa, basal bone mafuro ayo mazino anoitwa nekuisa chimiro mumvura yakadzika uye yakasimba yejaya. Nokuda kweizvi zvinokwanisika kuisa denture kunyange kana pasina mazino kana kuti kurasikirwa kwenguva refu - mafupa emapfupa ealveolar bone haakakosha, uye zvisikwa zvepasi hazvisi pasi peatrophy. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa zvakanyatsobatanidzwa.
Zvakanakira nzira iyi:
- zvigadzirwa zvebhaari zvinogona kuiswa paakona;
- zvinyorwa zvishoma zvekurapa;
- kushungurudzika kwezvinyama zvinyoro.
Zvinhu zvisina kunaka:
- kazhinji nekubatsirwa nenzira iyi, mazino matatu anenge adzorerwa kamwechete;
- kuwedzera zvinodiwa zvekufanirwa kwechiremba anoita basa racho.
Kushandiswa kwemazino pakarepo
Imwe nzira yakanakisisa yeklasiki danho-ne-nhanho nzira inogona kuva imwe-yesero (single-stage) kusungirirwa kwekugadzirisa, iyo inoitwa pakarepo mushure mekubviswa kwezino rakagadzirirwa. Saka zvinokwanisika kuitisa mishonga pasina kuwedzera kududzirwa kwezvinyama zvishoma. Nokuda kwekushanyira imwe kliniki, kuisa mazino, nhengo uye korona yenguva pfupi yakagadzirwa. Iyo nzira inogona kushandiswa chete munyaya yehutano uye yakasimba ye-alveoli tissue.
Kubatsira kwetsika:
- kuderedza kushungurudzika;
- psychological comfort;
- nguva shomanana kupora.
Cons:
- Kugadzirisa chimiro hachina kuvimbika;
- pedo neino rinobviswa rinofanira kuva mazino ane utano.
Kuiswa kwemazino ose pa4
Zvinyorwa zvemazino zvose pa 4 ("ose mana"), zvakagadzirwa neNobel, inoitwa munyaya yekushaikwa kwemazino akazara mumuromo wemuromo uye atrophy yemapfupa. Nzira iyi inosanganisira kuisa mikoko mina: maviri muchikamu chemukati chejaya, icho chinogadziriswa, uye maviri mumuganhu wemeno anokanganisa akaiswa paakona. Zvirwere zvinokwana korona gumi zvinogona kuiswa pakarepo mushure mekuisa mitezo mumapfupa emapfupa. Pakuzorora kwakakwana kuisa mahedheni, asingasviki chete emakorona, asiwo emakumbo ekugadzirira.
Zvakanakira nzira iyi:
- minimally invasive;
- chibereko chinokurumidza;
- yakatendeseka yakasimba yehupfeko yekugadzirisa.
Kukanganisa:
- Inoshandiswa chete neinoenzanisa uye ine mwero wepafu atrophy;
- pangozi yekuregwa kwezviplants (sezvinoitika kune dzimwe nzira).
Mhando dzemazino implants
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzeplants, asi dzose dzinowanzogadzirwa neti titanium alloy, kazhinji kazhinji - yezirconium oxide (yakadaro mitengo inodhura). Mukuwedzera, zvose zvakasvibira zvine chimiro chakafanana. Chimboona izvo mazino anoiswa mazino ane (zvikamu zvinokosha):
- muviri unoiswa mukati memapfupa emapfupa (ungaita seplate, cylinder, tape, machine);
- nhengo (musoro) - chikamu chekusimudzira hutachiona, inogona kunge yakanganisa kana kuvhara;
- mutsipa - chinhu chiri pakati pemuviri uye musoro;
- Iyo gingival cuff is a screw that is screwed in temporarily to give the gum aesthetic shape.
Zvichienderana nechimiro, simba uye teknolojia yekugadziriswa, izvi zvinokonzera mazino zvakasiyana:
- root-shaped;
- ndiro;
- akabatanidzwa;
- subperiostal;
- endodontic stabilized;
- zvakashata;
- mini-implants.
Kudai kwemazino implants
Iko kunofanirwa kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti hutano hwakagadzirirwa hupenyu hunogona kuve hwakasiyana, hunonyanya kurongerwa nehutano hwezvinhu zvakashandiswa. Kururama kwehutano hwekugadza, mamiriro ezvinyoro zvinyoro uye zvinokonzera varwere, uye kuchengetwa kwakatevera kweprosthesis zvakakosha pakugara kwechimiro chakaiswa. Vagadziri vanoisa dhidhiyo yakasiyana yezvipembenene, izvo zvinogona kuva 10, 15, 20 makore kana kupfuura. Iyo yakakwirira-yepamusoro-yepamusoro uye yakadhura mazino emeno echizvarwa chitsva kubva kumakambani anotevera anovimbisa hupenyu hwehupenyu hwose:
- Nobel Biocare (Switzerland);
- Straumann (Switzerland);
- XIVE (Germany);
- Astra Tech (Sweden);
- Anthogyr (France).
Chinhu chiduku, asi ivo vanoratidzirwa nehutano hwakanaka hwezvinhu zvakadai sevashambadziri:
- Schutz (Germany);
- Niko (Russia);
- Zimmer (USA).
Ko mazino emishonga anoitwa sei?
Ngationei kuti kuiswa kwemazino kunowanikwa sei mumatambudziko akawanda, kubva pazvikamu zvakakura zvinoumbwa:
- Kutsunga kwezviratidzo nekutsanangurira zvinopesana nezvinoitwa.
- Kugadzirira kushandiswa, kusanganisira mukurapa kwevarwere vane meno, gums, kugadziriswa korona dzekare.
- Kuita panoramic snapshot yejaya uye kuverenga tomography nekuzarura zvirwere zvakavanzwa uye kusarudza nzvimbo chaiyo yekuisa.
- Kuvhiya kuisa iyo inogadzirwa, izvo kana zvichifanira kutangira kuvaka-mapfupa emapfupa.
- Kuiswa kwemu shaper uye nhengo dzomumvuri.
- Kuiswa kweprosthesis.
Kuwedzerwa kwepafu mapfupa panguva yekuiswa kwemeno
Nokuda kwekugadziriswa kwechigadziro uye chibatanidziro chayo chakavimbika, zvakakosha kuva nehupamhi hwehupamhi uye hupamhi hwemapfupa emapfupa, saka pane dzimwe nguva kushandiswa kwemapfupa ekutanga kunotarisirwa kuiswa. Izvi zvinowanikwa pasi pekune aneshesia mune imwe yenzira dzinotevera:
- bone plastiki (kuiswa kwemuviri wefupa bone, bone kana kupazve zvinhu zvekugadzira);
- pfupa rekuberekwa (kudzorerazve membrane kubva pane biocompatible nyuchi dzinokurudzira bone chaiyo kuvaka-up);
- sine-lifting (mechanical lifting of the maxillary sinus, inokonzerwa nehuwandu hwemapfupa emapfupa).
Kuiswa kwezvipembenene zvemazino
Kushandiswa kwemazino kunoitwa pasi peaneshesia. Nguva yekutengesa kuisa muviri wegadziriro inenge maminitsi makumi maviri nemakumi matatu. Nokushanda kwekodha uye kushandiswa kwakakosha mumapfupa, mubhedha unoumbwa, iyo iyo inogadziriswa inoiswa. Zvimwe nzira dzekuisa imwe yese yegadziriro uye korona yemeno inobva kune rudzi rwemhando yakasarudzwa. Izvo zvakaoma uye zvakaoma mukuona kwezvinhu zvakasikwa ndezvekuiswa kwemeno ekumusoro.
Kuiswa kwemeno - zvinetso
Kugadziriswa kwekugadziriswa kwekugadziriswa kunobatanidza nehutano hwemigumisiro yakaipa. Saka, panguva yekushanda kune mukana wekuvandudzwa kwekubuda ropa uye kupera kwefupa. Mushure mekugadziriswa, zvinetso zvinogona kutanga uye nguva. Tinocherechedza migumisiro isingadzivisiki iyo kuiswa kwemeno kunosanganiswa: edema, kurwadziwa kwepfungwa, kukwirira kwekushisa kwemuviri. Izvi ndezvekuita kwemuitiro kwemuviri mukupindura kupindira kwekuvhiya. Kukanganisa kunobva kuvaridzi ndeizvi:
- kurambwa kwekuiswa;
- peri-implantitis;
- atrophic bone processes.