Zvirwere zvinotyisa zvikuru munhoroondo yevanhu nguva nenguva dzinozviita. Zvinonyatsokwanisa kuparadza vazhinji vepasi rose.
Kusvikira ikozvino, kunyange mishonga yemazuva ano yakawanda inogona kusabatsira pasina kutanga kwezvirwere izvi zvinotyisa.
1. Influenza virus
Yakawandisa uye isina chakaipa kubva pakuona kwevanhu vasina kufambidzana nemishonga, chirwere chetachiona chinoonekwa sefuruwenza. Gore roga roga, mamiriyoni evanhu vane chirwere chinotapukira chemuviri wekupemha kubva kune mumwe nemadonhwe emhepo anotarisana nayo. Kuvonga kushambadzira kwemishonga kumapfudze kunoratidzika kuti zvakakwana kunwa mapiritsi maviri-uye zviratidzo zvose zvichava pasina. Kunyange zvakadaro, gore negore munyika, pakati pe 250 000 ne500 000 vanhu vanofa, vazhinji vavo vana uye vakwegura vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Zvose zvavo hazvirevi kukwanisa kwechirwere kumutsa pneumonia, meningitis uye kunyange kurohwa.
2. AIDS
Iyo chaiye "denda rezana remakore rechi20" ndiyo chirwere chekuwana muviri. Mumakore zana chete, akauraya vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemakumi maviri, vachidzivisa upenyu hwavo muhukuru hwehupenyu. AIDS inoparadzirwa pabonde uye kuburikidza neropa kana mukaka wamai, saka kondomu haidziviriri kudzivirirwa pamatachiona. Kuva mutakuri wehutachiona, munhu anowira muhutano hwe "asingatauri" - anoregererwa nebasa, hakuna munhu anoda kutaura naye uye anorarama pasi pedenga rimwechete. Hapana mishonga chaiyo yakaratidza kuti inoshanda paAIDS. Asi pane imwe nyanzvi yemafungiro ekuti nhamba chaiyo yezviitiko ndeyepamusoro kashanu zvakapetwa kupfuura izvo zvinotaurwa mune zvenhau.
3. Nhamba Dema
Ihwo hutachiona hwekare hwekare huri chibhokisi, izvo zvakatanga kuonekwa panyika makore zviuru makumi matanhatu apfuura. Dambudziko racho rinoramba richichinja, saka kuputika kwechibhokisi kunoperekedza vanhu mukati maro. MuMiddle Ages, yakavhundusa Europe neRussia, ikasasiya mukana wevaya vakaurayiwa pamusana pemapfumbamwe evanhu vakafa. Vakapukunyuka vakaomerwa-vakange vari mapofu kana matsi nekuda kwehupenyu, uye ganda ravo rakanga rakafukidzwa nemaronda kubva pachilonda. Muzana remakore rechi20, chibhokisi chikachinja zvakare, asi hutachiona hutsva harungagoni kuuraya kudarika 40% yehuwandu hwemhosva. Nyaya yekupedzisira yehutachiona yakanyoreswa muSomalia muna 1977. Mazuva ano, hutachiona hunochengetedzwa mumakiratori eUnited States neRussia.
4. Dambudziko
Denda racho raive rainzi "rufu rweru", kusvikira vanhu vaona kuti yakabudirira kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Yakanga iri dambudziko rinotyisa zvikuru muMedeval Europe, iyo kunyange iyo yakasviba yakawanda yakakura. Muzana remakore rechiXIV chete kubva kune mamiriyoni 75 vagari vomuEurope kubva kwaari vakauraya vanhu mamiriyoni 34. Nemhaka yehutachiona, maguta ese akafa kunze: vanhu vakanga vasingadi kudzokera kumusha uye kutapukirwa, kubvisa zvitunha zvehama uye vavakidzani.
Izvo zvakanga zvisiri zvisinganzwisisiki kuvanachiremba: vakashanyira varwere chete muzvipfeko zvokudzivirira, vakaputirwa newaini uye masikiti nemumuromo, vakaongorora varwere chete nehombodo, kuti varege kuvabata nemaoko avo. Mushure mekutaurirana nevatya vairwara vakapiswa. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, zvaive zvichibvira kuziva kuti nei zviyero izvi zvisingabatsiri zvachose: chirwere chacho hachina kutorwa nemhepo, asi kuburikidza nemakonzo, fleas nemabhiza.
5. Spaniard
Chirungu cheSpain kana cheSpanish ndicho chirwere chikuru chezvirwere zvehutachiona munyika. Muna 1919, nhamba yehutachiona yakawana vanhu 550 mamiriyoni, ayo akaverengera makumi matatu muzana yevanhu venyika. Vakatarisana neSpanish, vakafa nekuputika kukuru uye maperembudzi edema, pasina chinyanyiso chekuwanazve. Inofungidzirwa kuti gore rimwe gore chirwere cheSpain chakaurawa sevanhu vazhinji sezvo denda rakakwanisa kuparadza mumakore manomwe. Masayendisiti emazuva ano anotaura kuti muSpanish aiva "hama" yepedyo yeH1N1 yakaoma, iyo masayendisiti ari kutambura nhasi.
6. Marariya
"Swamp fever" yakaparadzirwa uye inoparidzirwa kusvikira zvino kuburikidza nekurumwa kwemumonyo, mushure mekunge munhu ane fever, fever uye chills, uye zvino-inowedzera chiropa uye spleen. Mutungamiri wekutanga akarembwa muurayi wehutachiona ndiFair Tutankhamun: mumuviri wake akawanika avo vanokonzerwa ne "marsh fever" munguva yekuongorora.
Marariya ichiri kutonga Africa, uko zvakaoma kuziva uye kupedza zvachose nekuda kwekuti vanhu vemo havadi kuenda kuvakirini. Ikozvino, masangano ezvehutano enyika dzakawanda anogadzira matanho akaipa: mumakore makumi maviri anotevera, chiyero chekufa kubva kumarariya chichakura kaviri. Nhasi, 50% vanhu vakawanda vanorarama kubva pane iyo kubva pane zvakaipa-fated AIDS.
7. Ebola
Ebola chirwere chinotarirwa nemunhu wese akakupoteredza neTV neIndaneti, asi vashomanana vanofungidzira kuti chirwere chinoratidzika sei uye chii chiri kuitika, kunze kwevanhu veZaire neCongo. Inotora zita rayo kubva mubhedha reEbola, umo kuputika kwekutanga kwechirwere ichi chakatanga, kutanga nekuwedzera kwekushisa kwekushisa kwemuviri uye kupedzisa nekukundwa kweputsvo uye chiropa chinoshanda nehutano hunouraya. Chirwere chacho chinongotorwa zvishoma nezvishoma, saka 42% yevaya vakawana chirwere ichocho vachiri kufa kubva pairi.
8. Hepatitis
Hepatitis inonzi iyo yakaoma yakawanda yemavirusi emarudzi mana: vose vanorwisa chiropa uye vanotanga kuidzikisa zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiita kuti vafe. Inonyanya kuipa iyo hepatitis B uye C - kupfuura gore vanofa kubva kune vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni. Kutungamirira kuhutachiona kunogona: kuyamwisa mwana, kutora mifananidzo, kuwedzerwa ropa, zvepabonde zvisina kudzivirirwa. Hepatitis muvengi asinganyengeri uyo mumakore ekutanga mushure mechirwere haachizviratidzi nenzira chero ipi zvayo, asi anokurumidza kukuvadza hupenyu hwemunhu.
9. Chirwere chechirwere chetachiona
Chirwere chechirwere chinotapurirwa kuvanhu kubva pamhuka, iyo inofungidzirwa seyakanaka mhuka - makati, imbwa, makonzo, asi kana bedzi asiya asina imba. Inopinda muropa apo mhuka ine utachiona inoruma. Mumwe munhu anorwara anotambura nokupisa, maitiro ekutya, manzwiro ekutya uye kupera simba kwemaodzanyemba uye maziso emeso: pamwe chete, zvose izvi zviratidzo zvinotungamirira kurufu. Rega kuendeswa kwehutachiona kunogona kupora nguva yakakodzera.
10. Kirarera
"Chapupu" chechirwere uye chibhokisi, kusvikira nhasi chichivhiringidza zvirwere zvinouraya, zvinoratidzika sechimiro chechirera vibrio. Inoparadzirwa kuburikidza nemafuta, mvura ine utachiona uye zvokudya zvakasvibiswa. Pasina kunyorwa kwemazuva ano kwekodera, unogona kufa nemukana we 85% wekutsvaira, kurutsa uye kupera simba.