Ichi chakaitika sei chakawanikwa?
Kwenguva yokutanga, nyanzvi yeGermany Shpeman akaita maitiro akabvumira nzira yakadaro kuwanikwa. Muchiitiko ichi, sezvinyorwa zvehupenyu zvekuedza, akashandisa amphibia embryos. Kuti titevere kuchinja kwemasimba, musayendisiti akashandisa marudzi maviri emamphibians: muzinga weTriton uye mutsara weTriton. Mazai ekutanga amphibia akachena, nokuti asiya pigment, uye wechipiri ane yellow-gray hue.
Chimwe chezviitiko zvakaitwa zvakaitwa seizvi. Mutsvakurudzi akatora chikamu chemu embryo kubva munzvimbo yaanochera muromo we blastopore, iyo iripo panzvimbo yegastrula yepir triton uye yakaiisa iyo kurutivi rwegastrula ye newt striptum.
Mune nzvimbo iyo kubatanidzwa kwaiitwa, chirwere chendangara, nhengo uye dzimwe nhengo dzexiki dzehupenyu hupenyu huri mberi dzakaumbwa mushure mechinguva chiduku. Muchiitiko ichi, kukura kunogona kusvika pamatanho iwayo apo imwe embryo inoumbwa pamusana wechipfuva chema embryo iyo iyo mhuka yakatamiswa, i E. uyo anogamuchira. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakawedzera embryo inonyanya kushandiswa nemasero ekugamuchira, zvisinei, iyo inopa embryo masero ane ruvara ruvara inowanika muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemuviri wemupi.
Gare gare izvi zvakaitika kunzi "primary embryonic induction".
Chii chinonyanya kukosha kwekugadziriswa kwemu embryonic?
Kubva pane zvakaitika pamusoro apa, mhedziso dzakawanda dzinogona kuwanikwa.
Saka yekutanga yeiyi inotaura nezvekuti nzvimbo iyo yakatorwa kubva mumuromo weblastopore ine simba rekudzokorora nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zviripo pakarepo. Mune mamwe mazwi, mune mamwe mazwi, inokurudzira, sezvazvakanga zvakaita. inoronga kusimbiswa kwema embryo mune zvose zvakajairika uye munzvimbo yemauto.
Chechipiri, zvose zvakakonzerwa uye nechekudzivirira kumativi ekudyiwa zvine simba rakakura, izvo zvinoratidza kuti pane nzvimbo inowanzoonekwa yemuviri, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu ekuedza, yese, yechipiri mubereki inomuka.
Chechitatu, zvakanyatsogadziriswa nhengo dzangobva kuumbwa panzvimbo yekushandurwa zvakare zvinoratidza kuvapo kwe embryonic regulation. Ichi chikonzero chinozadziswa nekuda kwekuvimbika kwomuviri.
Ndeapi mavara emakrisory anoiswapo?
Kudzoka mumakore ekuma1900 ezana remakumi maviri nemakumi maviri, vatsvakurudzi vakaita shanduro dzakabvumira kugadzirisa chimiro chekuita kwechiito. Somugumisiro, yakawanikwa kuti munhu mumwechete makemikari akadai seprotein, steroid, nucleoproteins, anokwanisa kukurudzira kuburitsa. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo maitiro emakemikari evarongorori ekugadziriswa kwemaitiro akaiswa.
Mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chokuti varongeri vegadziriro yacho vakagadzwa, zvakazoitika kuti purogiramu pachayo inogona kuva nemamwe marudzi.
Nokudaro, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti chiitiko chekumbomira chinonzi embryonic chinoratidza kuti inogona kuva imwe nhengo dze embryo kune-sangano. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuisa chidimbu chemuviri kubva kune imwe mumumbryo, mukuita zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti uwane kwete chikamu chimwechete kana imwe nhengo, asiwo muviri wose, usingatauri kubva kune anogamuchira. Ndicho chikonzero chiitiko chakadai se embryonic induction uye kukosha kwayo chinonyanya kukosha pakurapa maonero.