ILondon Underground ndiyo yekutanga munyika. Mhenderekedzo yeMetro yemazuva ano ndiyo imwe yenyika huru pane imwe nyika, uye yakareba yechina murefu shure kwemasero muSeoul, Beijing neShanghai.
Chii chinonzi zita rechitima pasi muLondon?
Zita reLondon Underground London Underground, asi mumutauro wakafanana Chirungu chinochidana kuti tube.
Nhoroondo yeLondon Underground
Nzira inoenda kuStondon yakaonekwa rini?
Muzana remakore rechina reXIX, muguta guru reBritain, sekumwe mune mamwe maguta makuru enyika, mubvunzo unonyanya kushandiswa wokuderedza migwagwa mikuru yakatanga. Muna 1843, maererano nebasa raMark Brunel, nyanzvi yeFrance, muganhu wakavakwa pasi peTames, iyo yekutanga kokutanga munyika yakaratidza kutungamira kwekusimudzira metro. Migwagwa yekutanga yepasi penzira yakavakwa mumugwagwa wemvura, apo moat yakachera anenge mamita gumi yakadzika, pasi yakange yakateyiwa nzira dzezvitima, pamusoro payo apo gare gare mabato akaiswa.
Mutsara wekutanga wedhorosi wakavhurwa musi waJanuary 10, 1863. Motokari yemigwagwa yaisanganisira zvivako zvinomwe, urefu hwemakwara acho hwaiva 6 km. Simba reimba yacho raiva mhepo inopisa, iyo yakatsva kwazvo, uye mahwindo mumakororo acho akanga asipo nokuda kwekuti vaongorori vaidavira kuti hapana chavanofanira kufunga pasi pevhu. Pasinei nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi, London Underground kubva pakutanga yakagamuchirwa zvikuru pakati pevagari veguta guru.
Kuvandudzwa kweLondon Underground
Pakupera kwezana remakore rechina, gwagwa raifamba mberi kweLondon, pedyo nezvivako zvitsva zvakatanga kuvaka misha mitsva yemuguta. Muna 1906, matangi ekutanga emagetsi akatanga, uye gore gare gare, mukuvakwa kwezvivako zvitsva, nzira yakanyanya kuvimbiswa uye yakachengeteka yakashandiswa - "kuvhara nhovo", nokuti iyo yakanga isingakoshi kuchera matanho okugadzira.
London Underground Map
Mepu yekutanga yeMetro metro yakasikwa muna 1933. Vatashanyi vakawanda vanocherechedza kuti chirongwa chemazuva ano cheLondon metro chinopesanisa, asi kunzwisisa nzwisisiro yemigwagwa pakusarudza nzira yakarurama pamwe nemepu inobatsira mahofisi akawanda emashoko uye zvinyorwa.
Inzira yekutengesa inosanganisira mitsara ine gumi, uye iri pane zvakasiyana-siyana nzvimbo: 4 kwavari ndeye michinha isina kudzika (anenge mamiriyoni mashanu pasi pevhu), 7 inosara iri mitsetse yakadzika (inenge yakareba mamita makumi maviri kubva kumusoro). Pari zvino, kureba kweLondon Underground kune 402 km, iyo inopfuura hafu iri pasi pevhu.
Vatashanyi, avo vanorota kushanyira guta guru reGreat Britain, vachave vachida kuziva kuti vangani zvivako zviteshi zvepasi pedzi muLondon? Saka, ikozvino pane zviteshi zvekushanda zvinokwana 270, 14 zvayo zviri kunze kweLondon. Munharaunda 6 dzemataundi e-32-meter gwagwa iripo.
Mutengo we metro muLondon
Nzira yacho mumataundi eLondon inobva kune imwe nzvimbo uye nhamba yekuendeswa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Pose muLondon pasi pevhu 6 nzvimbo dzinotsanangurwa. Icho chinopfuurira kubva pakati penzvimbo yacho uye zvishoma kudhindwa zvakaitwa kuitira chinangwa chokutsvaga kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, iyo inowedzera zvezvemari inoshandiswa pakufamba. Uyezve, pakupera kwevhiki vanoenda mari shoma pane pane mazuva ekushanda.
London Pasi pemaawa maawa
Nguva yekushanda kwepasi pevhu muLondon inobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Munharaunda yekutanga, zvivako zvakasununguka pa4.45, wechipiri nzvimbo yakasununguka kubva pa 05.30 kusvika 01.00. Pane zvimwe zvikamu zvekutangira nekuguma kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Iyi metro inosvinurwa gore rose muNyika Itsva uye mazuva emhemberero dzenyika.
MunaJanuary 2013, nyika yekare yakakura yepasi yakacherechedza makore 150. Vanhu vokuLondon vanofunga kuti kufamba kwavo pasi pevhu kunofadza chaizvo uye kwakanaka! Guta re metropolitan metro rinogara richisimudzika uye rinopedza nguva.
